Boulenophrys brachykolos | |
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Scientific classification | |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Chordata |
Class: | Amphibia |
Order: | Anura |
Family: | Megophryidae |
Genus: | Boulenophrys |
Species: | B. brachykolos |
Binomial name | |
Boulenophrys brachykolos (Inger and Romer, 1961) | |
Synonyms | |
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Boulenophrys brachykolos, the short-legged horned toad or Peak spadefoot toad, is a frog native to southern China and Vietnam. [2] It was first discovered in the Victoria Peak (locally known as The Peak), Hong Kong. [3] Many populations of Hong Kong are in the country parks, such as Lung Fu Shan Country Park. [4]
Whether Boulenophrys brachykolos is a valid species or only subspecies of Megophrys minor has been questioned, but molecular genetic evidence now supports its species status. Recent research has also shown that the species has a wider distribution than assumed before. [2] At the time of the IUCN assessment in 2004, the species was hardly known outside Hong Kong and it was considered to be an endangered species. [1] Reflecting the distribution now known to be much wider, the conservation status of Boulenophrys brachykolos is likely to change when the assessment is updated.
Boulenophrys brachykolos are relatively small but robust frogs. Males have a snout-vent length of 34–40 mm (1.3–1.6 in) and females 40–48 mm (1.6–1.9 in). They have a strongly projecting snout and a small horn-like tubercle at the edge of the upper eyelid (the "horn" of a "horned toad"). [3]
Megophryidae, commonly known as goose frogs, is a large family of frogs native to the warm southeast of Asia, from the Himalayan foothills eastwards, south to Indonesia and the Greater Sunda Islands in Maritime Southeast Asia, and extending to the Philippines. Fossil remains are also known from North America. As of 2014 it encompasses 246 species of frogs divided between five genera. For lack of a better vernacular name, they are commonly called megophryids.
Hong Kong cascade frog or Hong Kong torrent frog is a species of true frog from southern coastal China, once thought to be endemic to Hong Kong. Their eggs are laid on rock faces in the splash zones of cascades. In Hong Kong, it is a protected species under Wild Animals Protection Ordinance Cap 170.
Boettger's horned toad, also known as Boettger's spadefoot toad or the pale-shouldered horned toad, is a species of toad found in southern and southeastern China and north-eastern India. A closely related but probably as yet undescribed species in found in Tibet.
Boulenophrys parva is a species of horned frog found in South Asia and Southeast Asia, from eastern India and Nepal through Bangladesh and Burma to western Thailand and southern China and northern Laos and Vietnam. Perhaps because of its wide distribution, Boulenophrys parva is known under many common names, including concave-crowned horned toad, lesser stream horned frog, mountain horned frog, brown horn frog, Burmese spadefoot toad, and small spadefoot toad. It inhabits evergreen broadleaf forests alongside streams.
Boulenophrys wuliangshanensis, commonly known as the Wuliangshan horned toad, is a species of frog found in eastern Asia. It has been found in Yunnan province in China and the state of Nagaland in India and it is thought to occur in Myanmar (Burma), although there are no records from there as yet. Its specific name refers to its type location, Mount Wuliang in Jingdong County.
Megophrys montana is a species of frog found in Java and possibly Sumatra.
Xenophrys aceras, commonly known as the Perak horned toad, Perak spadefoot toad or Malayan horned frog, is a species of frog in the family Megophryidae found in Peninsular Malaysia and Thailand, and possibly in Indonesia. Its common name refers to its type locality, Bukit Besar in Perak state, Malaysia.
The convex-tailed horned toad is a species of frog in the family Megophryidae, endemic to China, and is only known from the type locality, Tianping Mountain, Sangzhi County, in Hunan. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist montane forests and rivers.
The Jingdong horned toad, or Jingdong spadefoot toad, is a species of frog in the family Megophryidae found in Yunnan and Guangxi, China. It is expected to also occur in northern Vietnam. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist montane forests and rivers. It is threatened by habitat loss.
The Kuatun horned toad, or Kuatun spadefoot toad, is a species of frog in the family Megophryidae. It is found in southeastern China and northern Vietnam. Its name is testimony to its type locality, Kuatun village in Wuyishan, Fujian.
The little horned toad, also known as the dwarf horned toad, Kwangshien spadefoot toad, or tiny spadefoot toad, is a species of frog in the family Megophryidae. It is found in southern China, Thailand, Vietnam, and possibly in Laos and Myanmar. It has recently been reported from Bhutan. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, subtropical or tropical moist montane forests, rivers, and swamps. It is threatened by habitat loss.
The Omei horned toad, also known as the Mount Omei spadefoot toad, is a species of frog in the family Megophryidae. It is found in Sichuan and Tibet in China, including the type locality, Mount Emei and possibly in Vietnam. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, subtropical or tropical moist montane forests, and rivers. It is threatened by habitat loss.
The rough-skinned horned toad or Tonkin spadefoot toad is a species of frog in the family Megophryidae. It is found in southern China, northern Vietnam, and northern Laos.
The spiny-fingered horned toad or spiny spadefoot toad, is a species of frog in the family Megophryidae. It is endemic to China and known from Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou, and Guangxi provinces. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, subtropical or tropical moist montane forests, and rivers. It is threatened by habitat loss.
The Wushan horned toad is a species of frog in the family Megophryidae. It is only known from its type locality in the Wu Mountains of Chongqing Municipality and is thus endemic to China. Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist montane forests and rivers. It is threatened by habitat loss.
Boulenophrys sangzhiensis is a species of frog in the family Megophryidae. It is endemic to China, being only known from the type locality in Sangzhi County, Hunan, in south-central China.
Boulenophrys binchuanensis, commonly known as the Binchuan horned toad, is a species of frog in the family Megophryidae. It is only known from northern Yunnan, China. Its type locality is Mount Jizu in Binchuan County. It is associated with mountain streams surrounded by forests. It is threatened by habitat loss associated with logging, road construction, and tourism.
Boulenophrys cheni is a species of frog in the family Megophryidae. It is endemic to the middle Luoxiao Mountains at the border of Jiangxi and Hunan provinces in south-eastern China. Its specific name honours Chen Chunquan, former director of the Jinggang National Nature Reserve.
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