| Brachyiulus lusitanus | |
|---|---|
Scientific classification  | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Subphylum: | Myriapoda |
| Class: | Diplopoda |
| Order: | Julida |
| Family: | Julidae |
| Genus: | Brachyiulus |
| Species: | B. lusitanus |
| Binomial name | |
| Brachyiulus lusitanus (Verhoeff, 1898) | |
Brachyiulus lusitanus is a species of millipede in the genus Brachyiulus . It is endemic to Bulgaria. [1]
A case of pseudo-parasitism by this species has been recorded. [2]
Millipedes are a group of arthropods that are characterised by having two pairs of jointed legs on most body segments; they are known scientifically as the class Diplopoda, the name derived from this feature. Each double-legged segment is a result of two single segments fused together. Most millipedes have very elongated cylindrical or flattened bodies with more than 20 segments, while pill millipedes are shorter and can roll into a tight ball. Although the name "millipede" derives from Latin for "thousand feet", no species was known to have 1,000 or more until the discovery in 2020 of Eumillipes persephone, which can have over 1,300 legs. There are approximately 12,000 named species classified into 16 orders and around 140 families, making Diplopoda the largest class of myriapods, an arthropod group which also includes centipedes and other multi-legged creatures.
Mammamia profuga is a species of cave-dwelling millipede in the family Julidae. The only known species of the genus Mammamia, it was described in 2011 from a specimen discovered in a cave in Italy.
Polydesmida is the largest order of millipedes, with more than 5,000 species, including all the millipedes reported to produce hydrogen cyanide (HCN). This order is also the most diverse of the millipede orders in terms of morphology. Millipedes in this order are found in all regions of the world other than Antarctica.
Ommatoiulus moreleti, commonly known as the Portuguese millipede, is a herbivorous millipede native to the western Iberian Peninsula where it shares its range with other Ommatoiulus species. From here, it has spread by international commerce to a number of new localities. This species was accidentally introduced into Australia without its natural enemies and has since become an invasive pest. A number of methods have been developed to manage this millipede.
Sphaerotheriida is an order of millipedes in the infraclass Pentazonia, sometimes known as giant pill millipedes. They inhabit Southern Africa, Madagascar, South and Southeast Asia, Australia and New Zealand. Like the Northern Hemisphere pill millipedes of the order Glomerida, these millipedes can roll into a ball when disturbed. When they are rolled-up, most sphaerotheriidans reach a maximum size of a cherry or golf ball, but some species from Madagascar can even reach the size of an orange. When rolled-up, predators are unable to unravel giant pill millipedes since the margins of their second and last dorsal plates fit perfectly into one another, creating a sealed ball. A few giant pill millipede species are able to produce sound, the only millipedes known to do this. This order of millipedes is also unique in that some African species are used for medicinal purposes.
Cyclospora is a genus of apicomplexan parasites. It includes the species Cyclospora cayetanensis, the causative agent of cyclosporiasis. Members of Cyclospora are characterized as having oocysts with two sporocysts, each containing two sporozoites.
Legerella is a genus of parasitic alveolates of the phylum Apicomplexa. Species in this genus that usually infect the malpighian tubules of invertebrates.
Brachyiulus pusillus is a species of millipede in the family Julidae. It is widespread in Europe and has also been introduced to islands around the world, continental South America, South Africa, and Oceania, and is potentially widespread in North America, although previous records may have confused B. pusilus with the related B. lusitanus. The species is brownish-black coloured and has 30–34 segments. They also have either light yellowish or reddish lines that are located closer to the centre of the back. It can be found on bushes and trees. The species are commonly found in walls or fences.
Hyaloklossia is a genus of parasitic alveolates in the phylum Apicomplexa. Only two species in this genus are currently recognised.
Brachyiulus is a genus of millipedes, containing around eight species, most of which live in the Mediterranean Basin of Europe and Asia. The species B. pusillus has been introduced widely around the world
Ommatoiulus is a genus of millipedes in the family Julidae.
Casimir Albrecht Willem Jeekel (1922–2010) was a Dutch myriapodologist and entomologist known for his major contributions to the taxonomy of millipedes. His 1971 monograph Nomenclator Generum et Familiarum Diplopodorum is credited as launching the "modern era" of millipede taxonomy, and has been considered the "most important single work ever published on the Diplopoda". He served as director of the Zoological Museum Amsterdam, and authored over 150 works on the taxonomy of millipedes and other myriapods.
Pyrgodesmidae is a family of flat-backed millipedes in the order Polydesmida. The family contains over 200 species distributed in tropics around the world. Some species are found only in ant colonies, and are considered obligate myrmecophiles.
Brachyiulus apfelbecki is a species of millipede in the family Julidae. It is endemic to Bulgaria.
Brachyiulus bagnalli is a species of millipede in the genus Brachyiulus. It is endemic to Bulgaria.
Brachyiulus stuxbergi is a species of millipede in the genus Brachyiulus. It is endemic to Malta, specifically Gozo, and central to southern Italy including Sicily and the Aegadian Islands. Outside Italy, it is found in Tunisia, Algeria, and Greece.
Brachyiulus varibolinus is a species of millipede in the family Julidae. It is endemic to the Balkans and is known from Albania and Greece.
Myriophora alexandrae is a parasitic insect from the genus Myriophora. Myriophora are flies that kill their definitive host, millipedes.
Ommatoiulus lusitanus is a species of millipede endemic to Portugal. It predominantly inhabits grassland but also occurs in Cistus litter.
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