Coat of Arms: Per pale, six bars or and azure, and or a bear rampant sable, collared gules.
To the right, the arms of Rodemack, to the left, the bear of the Saint Maximin Abbey, both of which were lords of the place.[3]
Geography
Breistroff-la-Grande offers a panorama composed of forests, fields, and meadows that are ideal for exploration and walks. The municipality is located a few kilometers from the Franco-Luxembourg border, in the canton of Cattenom.
Hydrography
The municipality is located within the Rhine watershed, part of the Rhine-Meuse basin. It is drained by the Boler stream, the Breistroff stream, the Weihergraben stream, and the Klingenbach stream.[4]
The Boler, with a total length of 22.5km, originates in the municipality of Zoufftgen and flows into the Moselle at Gavisse, after passing through eight municipalities.[5]
The water quality of the main watercourses in the municipality, especially the Boler stream, can be checked on a dedicated website managed by water agencies and the French Agency for Biodiversity.[6]
Urbanism
Typology
Breistroff-la-Grande is a rural municipality, as it is part of sparsely populated or very sparsely populated municipalities, according to the INSEE municipal density grid[7][8][9]
Furthermore, the municipality is part of the attraction area of Luxembourg (French part), of which it is a crown municipality.[10] This area, which includes 115 municipalities, is categorized in areas with 700,000 inhabitants or more (excluding Paris)[11][12]
Land Use
The land use in the municipality, as indicated by the European land cover database (Corine Land Cover - CLC), is characterized by the importance of agricultural territories (84.5% in 2018), a proportion nearly equivalent to that of 1990 (85.7%). The detailed breakdown in 2018 is as follows: arable land (45%), meadows (32.7%), forests (11.8%), heterogeneous agricultural areas (6.8%), urbanized areas (3.6%). The evolution of land use in the municipality and its infrastructure can be observed on various cartographic representations of the territory: the Cassini map (18th century), the state-major map (1820-1866), and the IGN aerial maps or photos for the current period (1950 to today).[13]
Toponymy
Bistorff (1450), Bresdorff (17th century), Breystroff (1606), Breistorff (1616), Breisdorff (1681), Brestroff (1735), Brensdorff and Brenstorff (1740), Breistroff la Grande (1793), Braistroff (Cassini map).
In Lorraine Franconian: Grouss-Breeschtrëf and Grouss-Breeschdrëf. In German: Breisdorf (1871-1918).
Evange: Effingen (1450), Elfingen (1572), Ewinges and Euwingen (1681), Eving (1756), Ewingen-sous-Breisdorf.[14] Ewingen in German.[15] Iewéngen and Iewéng in Lorraine Franconian.
The Francic dialect of Rodemack differs very little from that spoken in Esing, Faulbach, Semming, Fixem, Évange, Boler, Basse-Parthe, Haute-Parthe, and Boust. These ten localities have nearly the same vowel system and the same number of diphthongs (Rodemack's dialect has 10), forming a small linguistic area where only a few words differ within this area.[17]
Furthermore, the diphthong [ëu] present in Évange corresponds to the long vowel [ö] present in Breistroff-la-Grande. In other words, the diphthong [ëu] exists in the dialect of Évange but does not exist in the dialect of Breistroff-la-Grande.[18]
History
1. Prehistoric Stone Tools: Discoveries of prehistoric stone tools dating from the Middle Paleolithic to the Neolithic periods.
2. Protohistoric Silo: Unearthing of a protohistoric silo, fragments of ceramics, and a grain millstone from the Iron Age.
3. Roman Road: Identification of a Roman road connecting Metz to the imperial city of Trier.
4. Gallo-Roman Sites: Several sites with evidence of Gallo-Roman habitation, including ceramics and Gallo-Roman tiles.
5. Gallo-Roman Villa Remains: Remnants of a Gallo-Roman villa cellar, along with a nearby well that was filled in during the early Middle Ages (carinated vase).
6. Historical Dependence: The village was part of the former county and later duchy of Luxembourg, and it had dependencies on the seigniories of Cattenom and Rodemack.[19]
Through the western part of the territory runs in a straight line a 3,460-meter-long Roman road to the Luxembourg border.[20]
The village once belonged to the Diocese of Metz.[21]
In 1769, it was annexed by France. In 1810, the two villages of Boler and Évange (Ewingen) were incorporated.
List of successive mayors for the specified period:
March 1989 to March 1995: Jean-Paul Jacquot
March 1995 to March 2001: Gérard Theis
March 2001 to 2002: Jean-Pierre Marx
March 2003 to 2022: Gérard Theis
2022 to Present: Gérard Michel Schmitt
Demography
In 2020, the commune had a population of 792 inhabitants,[22] representing a 25% increase compared to 2014 (Moselle: +0.38%, France excluding Mayotte: +1.9%).
1. Moulin de Boler: Reconstructed in 1787, with the date inscribed on the lintel of the pedestrian door. It is already mentioned on a map from the first half of the 18th century.
2. Moulin de Mausmühl (Mausmühl Mill).
Religious Buildings
1. Église Sainte-Catherine (Saint Catherine's Church): Built in 1514 on a rocky promontory, on the foundations of an old chapel. The original chapel was constructed by the Templars between 1100 and 1300 [citation needed].
2. Chapelle Sainte-Barbe (Saint Barbara's Chapel) in Boler: Founded in the 15th century, it has housed sculptures by the sculptor Nicolas Greff since 1707.
3. Calvaire (Calvary) in the hamlet of Évange: Dating back to 1540, it features fleur-de-lis motifs at its ends, a feature missing in most similar calvaries.
4. Cross on the path to Boler: Connected to the legend of crows pecking out the eyes of a wolf.
Luxembourgish is a West Germanic language that is spoken mainly in Luxembourg. About 400,000 people speak Luxembourgish worldwide.
Moselle is the most populous department in Lorraine, in the northeast of France, and is named after the river Moselle, a tributary of the Rhine, which flows through the western part of the department. It had a population of 1,046,543 in 2019. Inhabitants of the department are known as Mosellans.
Thionville is a city in the northeastern French department of Moselle. The city is located on the left bank of the river Moselle, opposite its suburb Yutz.
Moselle Franconian is a West Central German language, part of the Central Franconian languages area, that includes Luxembourgish. It is spoken in the southern Rhineland and along the course of the Moselle, in the Siegerland of North Rhine-Westphalia, throughout western Rhineland-Palatinate and Saarland, Luxembourg, the south of the German-speaking Community of Belgium and in the neighboring French département of Moselle. The Transylvanian Saxon dialect spoken in the Transylvania region of Romania is derived from this dialect as a result of the emigration of numerous "Transylvanian Saxons" between 1100 and 1300, primarily from areas in which the Moselle Franconian dialect was then spoken. Another variety of Moselle Franconian, the Hunsrik, is spoken in some rural areas of southern Brazil, brought by 19th century immigrants from the Hunsrück region in modern Germany.
Lorraine Franconian is an ambiguous designation for dialects of West Central German, a group of High German dialects spoken in the Moselle department of the former north-eastern French region of Lorraine.
Lorraine is a cultural and historical region in Northeastern France, now located in the administrative region of Grand Est. Its name stems from the medieval kingdom of Lotharingia, which in turn was named after either Emperor Lothair I or King Lothair II. Lorraine later was ruled as the Duchy of Lorraine before the Kingdom of France annexed it in 1766.
Hayange is a commune in the Moselle department in Grand Est in north-eastern France.
The various toponyms in the historical region of Lorraine are often known by very different names depending on the language in which they are expressed. This article provides an understanding of the linguistic and historical origin of this diversity and lists a number of correspondences for communes and lesser localities in the four departments of the former region: Meuse, Meurthe-et-Moselle, Moselle, and Vosges.
Uckange is a commune in the Moselle department in Grand Est in north-eastern France. The inhabitants are called Uckangeois.
Hettange-Grande is a commune in the Moselle department in Grand Est in north-eastern France.
Hagondange is a commune in the Moselle department in Grand Est in north-eastern France.
Bining is a commune in the Moselle department of the Grand Est administrative region in north-eastern France.
Enchenberg is a commune in the Moselle department of the Grand Est administrative region in north-eastern France.
Montbronn is a commune in the Moselle department of the Grand Est administrative region in north-eastern France.
Rodemack is a commune in the Moselle department in Grand Est in northeastern France.
Sierck-les-Bains is a commune in the Moselle department in Grand Est in north-eastern France. Localities of the commune: Rudling, Kœnigsberg
Siersthal is a commune in the Moselle department of the Grand Est administrative region in north-eastern France.
Grand Est is an administrative region in northeastern France. It superseded three former administrative regions, Alsace, Champagne-Ardenne and Lorraine, on 1 January 2016 under the provisional name of Alsace-Champagne-Ardenne-Lorraine, as a result of territorial reform which had been passed by the French Parliament in 2014.
The arrondissement of Thionville is an arrondissement of France in the Moselle department in the Grand Est region. It has 104 communes. Its population is 266,506 (2016), and its area is 941.5 km2 (363.5 sq mi).
The canton of Yutz is an administrative division of the Moselle department, northeastern France. Its borders were modified at the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March 2015. Its seat is in Yutz.
↑ "Qualité Rivière". qualite-riviere.lesagencesdeleau.fr. Retrieved 21 September 2023.
↑ According to the zoning of rural and urban municipalities published in November 2020, following the new definition of rurality approved on November 14, 2020, in the interministerial committee on rural areas.
↑ The concept of cities' catchment area replaced the former notion of urban area in October 2020 to enable consistent comparisons with other countries in the European Union.
↑ Marie-Pierre de Bellefon, Pascal Eusebio, Jocelyn Forest, Olivier Pégaz-Blanc, and Raymond Warnod (Insee), "In France, nine out of ten people live in the catchment area of a city" [archive], on insee.fr, October 21, 2020 (accessed on March 31, 2021).
↑ - Title: "Hemechtsland a Sprooch: Ruedemaacher, Feschtong vum Mëttelalter (no 15)" - Author/Editor: Albert-Louis Piernet (dir.) - Year of Publication: 1987 - ISSN: 0762-7440
↑ - Title: "Hemechtsland a Sprooch: Ruedemaacher, Feschtong vum Mëttelalter (no 15)" - Author/Editor: Albert-Louis Piernet (dir.) - Year of Publication: 1987 - ISSN: 0762-7440
↑ Publications of the Society for Research and Conservation of Historical Monuments in the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg, Volume 18, 1863.
↑ Eugen H. Th. Huhn: Deutsch-Lothringen. Landes-, Volks- und Ortskunde, Stuttgart 1875, S. 327.
↑ Eugen H. Th. Huhn: Deutsch-Lothringen. Landes-, Volks- und Ortskunde, Stuttgart 1875, S. 327 (online).
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