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Charles Henry Goren was an American bridge player and writer who significantly developed and popularized the game. He was the leading American bridge personality in the 1950s and 1960s – or 1940s and 1950s, as "Mr. Bridge" – as Ely Culbertson had been in the 1930s. Culbertson, Goren, and Harold Vanderbilt were the three people named when The Bridge World inaugurated a bridge "hall of fame" in 1964 and they were made founding members of the ACBL Hall of Fame in 1995.
Rubber bridge is a form of contract bridge played by two competing pairs using a particular method of scoring. A rubber is completed when one pair becomes first to win two games, each game presenting a score of 100 or more contract points; a new game ensues until one pair has won two games to conclude the rubber. Owing to the availability of various additional bonus and penalty points in the scoring, it is possible, though less common, to win the rubber by amassing more total points despite losing two games out of three. Rubber bridge involves a high degree of skill but there is also a fair amount of luck involved in who gets the best cards. A popular variation of rubber bridge is known as Chicago.
Elie Almon Culbertson, known as Ely Culbertson, was an American contract bridge entrepreneur and personality dominant during the 1930s. He played a major role in the popularization of the new game and was widely regarded as "the man who made contract bridge". He was a great showman who became rich, was highly extravagant, and lost and gained fortunes several times over.
The Bridge World (TBW), the oldest continuously published magazine about contract bridge, was founded in 1929 by Ely Culbertson. It has since been regarded as the game's principal journal, publicizing technical advances in bidding and the play of the cards, discussions of ethical issues, bridge politics and leading personalities, and reports of major tournaments.
Oswald "Ozzie", "Jake" Jacoby was an American contract bridge player and author, considered one of the greatest bridge players of all time and a key innovator in the game, having helped popularize widely used bidding moves such as Jacoby transfers. He also excelled at, and wrote about, other games including backgammon, gin rummy, canasta, and poker. He was from Brooklyn, New York and later lived in Dallas, Texas. He was the uncle of activist and author Susan Jacoby, as well as father of James Jacoby, an author and world-class bridge player in his own right.
Alfred (Freddy) Sheinwold was an American bridge player, administrator, international team captain, and prolific writer. He and Edgar Kaplan developed the Kaplan–Sheinwold bidding system. Among other administrative assignments that he accepted, Sheinwold chaired the American Contract Bridge League (ACBL) National Laws Commission from 1964 to 1975, and the ACBL Appeals Committee from 1966 to 1970. He was an editor of The Bridge World monthly magazine from 1934 to 1963 and was the editor of the monthly ACBL members' Bridge Bulletin from 1952 to 1958.
Milton Cooper Work was an American authority on whist, bridge whist, auction and contract bridge. At least during the 19th century he was a cricket player, writer, and official.
Howard Schenken was an American bridge player, writer, and long-time syndicated bridge columnist. He was from New York City. He won three Bermuda Bowl titles, and set several North American records. Most remarkably he won the Life Master Pairs five times, the Spingold twelve, and the Vanderbilt Trophy ten times; the LM Pairs and Vanderbilt records that still stand today.
Lieutenant Colonel James Henry Mountiford Beasley DSO, known as Pops, was a British Army officer and a leading contract bridge personality in the early days of the game.
Doris Mary, Lady Rhodes (1898–1982) was Britain's leading female bridge player until the arrival of Rixi Markus. Rhodes was from London. Born Doris Mary Adams, she married Sir John Phillips Rhodes, 2nd Bt. She was described in the June 1947 issue of the Contract Bridge Journal as "a deceptively dangerous opponent; a misleadingly modest partner".
Paul Stern was an Austrian international bridge player and lawyer, who fled to London in 1938. He was a bidding theorist and administrator who contributed to the early growth of the game. He founded the Austrian Bridge Federation in 1929, and was its first president.
The Bridge Murder case, also known as the Bridge Table Murder case, was the trial of Myrtle Adkins Bennett, a Kansas City housewife, for the murder of her husband John G. Bennett over a game of contract bridge in September 1929.
Michael Theodore Gottlieb was an American bridge player, an original member of the Four Aces team established by David Burnstine in 1935.
Theodore Alexander "Teddy" Lightner was an American bridge player. He developed the Lightner double, a bridge bidding convention.
Cheating in bridge refers to a deliberate violation of the rules of the game of bridge or other unethical behaviour that is intended to give an unfair advantage to a player or team. Cheating can occur in many forms and can take place before, during, or after a board or game.
The Culbertson 4-5 notrump is a slam-seeking convention in the game of contract bridge. It was devised in the early 1930s by Ely Culbertson. Most four-notrump conventions demand that bidder's partner define their hand using agreed codified responses. In contrast, the Culbertson 4-5 describes the bidder's hand, and invites partner to use their judgement in the light of that information.
Sidney Samuel Lenz was an American contract bridge player and writer. He is a member of the American Contract Bridge League Hall of Fame, being inducted in the second (1965) class.
The "Bridge Battle of the Century" was the name given to a celebrated 1931–1932 contract bridge challenge match between Ely Culbertson and Sidney Lenz and their partners.
Wilbur Cherrier Whitehead (1866-1931) was an American auction bridge and contract bridge player and writer.
Edward Valentine Shepard was an American auction bridge and contract bridge writer, authority, and teacher in the early twentieth century.
References
- ↑ "Bridge Headquarters Inc. stock certificate (product description)" . Retrieved December 18, 2016.
- 1 2 3 H. Allen Smith (December 20, 1954). "Culbertson's Coup". Sports Illustrated. Retrieved December 22, 2016.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Truscott, Alan; Truscott, Dorothy (2004). The New York Times Bridge Book: An Anecdotal History of the Development, Personalities, ad Strategies of the World's Most Popular Card Game (Reprint ed.). St. Martin's Griffin. pp. 43–44. ISBN 978-0312331078 . Retrieved December 18, 2016.
- ↑ Marvin French. "Honor Count vs Point Count". Bridgebum. Retrieved February 12, 2017.
- ↑ "Culbertson-Lenz Bridge Match". Bridge Guys. Retrieved December 18, 2016.