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Chinese | 步度根 | ||||||||
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Budugen (died 233) was a Xianbei chieftain who lived during the late Eastern Han dynasty and Three Kingdoms period of China. He was the grandson of Tanshihuai,and after the death of his head chief and brother,Kuitou,his clan's domain was divided between him and another brother,Fuluohan.
Budugen retained his independence by pledging allegiance to the state of Cao Wei during the Three Kingdoms period and sending tribute to Cao Pi,the first Wei emperor. After Fuluohan was killed by a rival Xianbei chieftain,Kebineng,he fought incessantly with Kebineng but weakened his forces in the process. During the reign of the second Wei emperor Cao Rui,Budugen formed an alliance with Kebineng and started a rebellion against Wei rule. However,the rebellion was crushed and Budugen was killed by Kebineng.
Gongsun Yuan,courtesy name Wenyi,was a Chinese military general,politician,and warlord who lived in the state of Cao Wei during the Three Kingdoms period of China. He rebelled against Wei in 237 and declared himself "King of Yan" (燕王). In 238,the Cao Wei general Sima Yi led forces to Liaodong and successfully conquered Yan.
Cao Mao,courtesy name Yanshi,was the fourth emperor of the state of Cao Wei during the Three Kingdoms period of China. He was a grandson of Cao Pi,the first emperor of Wei. Described as intelligent and studious,Cao Mao made repeated attempts to seize back state power from the regent Sima Zhao but failed. He was killed in an abortive coup d'état against Sima Zhao.
The military history of the Three Kingdoms period encompasses roughly a century's worth of prolonged warfare and disorder in Chinese history. After the assassination of General-in-chief He Jin in September 189,the administrative structures of the Han government became increasingly irrelevant. By the time of death of Cao Cao,the most successful warlord of North China,in 220,the Han empire was divided between the three rival states of Cao Wei,Shu Han and Eastern Wu. Due to the ensuing turmoil,the competing powers of the Three Kingdoms era found no shortage of willing recruits for their armies,although press-ganging as well as forcible enlistment of prisoners from defeated armies still occurred. Following four centuries of rule under the Han dynasty,the Three Kingdoms brought about a new era of conflict in China that shifted institutions in favor of a more permanent and selective system of military recruitment. This ultimately included the creation of a hereditary military class as well as increasing reliance on non-Chinese cavalry forces and the end of universal conscription.
Empress Guo,personal name unknown,formally known as Empress Mingyuan,was an empress of the state of Cao Wei during the Three Kingdoms period of China. She was married to Cao Rui,the second ruler of Wei;she was his third wife and second empress. The limited information available about her appears to portray her as an intelligent woman who fought hard to prevent her empire from falling into the hands of the Sima clan during the reigns of her adopted son Cao Fang and his cousin Cao Mao,but was unable to stem the tide.
Guanqiu Jian,courtesy name Zhonggong,was a Chinese military general and politician of the state of Cao Wei during the Three Kingdoms period of China.
Chen Tai,courtesy name Xuanbo,was a military general and official of the state of Cao Wei during the Three Kingdoms period of China. He was a son of Chen Qun and a maternal grandson of Xun Yu. Chen Tai was very knowledgeable in the art of war,and so led his men as if they were his own children. When the regent Sima Shi began abusing his power and the emperor Cao Mao died under very suspicious circumstances,Chen Tai expressed his deep loyalty to the Cao Wei state by donning mourning garments at Cao Mao's funeral.
Kebineng was a Xianbei chieftain who lived during the late Eastern Han Dynasty and Three Kingdoms period of China. He rose to power during the late Eastern Han dynasty after the warlord Cao Cao defeated the Wuhuan tribes in northern China at the Battle of White Wolf Mountain in 207. He was ultimately assassinated by Cao Wei forces in 235.
Yan Rou was a military general of the state of Cao Wei during the Three Kingdoms period of China. He previously served under the warlord Cao Cao in the late Eastern Han dynasty.
Wen Qin,courtesy name Zhongruo,was a Chinese military general and politician of the state of Cao Wei during the Three Kingdoms period of China.
Wen Chu,courtesy name Ciqian,better known as Wen Yang,was a military officer of the Jin dynasty of China. He previously served in the state of Cao Wei during the Three Kingdoms period. In 255,he participated in a rebellion in Shouchun started by his father,Wen Qin,and another Wei general,Guanqiu Jian. However,the rebellion was suppressed and Wen Qin and his family were forced to defect to Eastern Wu,Wei's rival state. In 257,when another rebellion broke out in Shouchun,Wen Qin and his sons led troops from Wu to support the rebel leader,Zhuge Dan. However,by 258,when the odds were against him,Zhuge Dan became increasingly suspicious of Wen Qin and eventually executed him. Wen Yang and his younger brother,Wen Hu (文虎),escaped from Shouchun and surrendered to the Wei regent,Sima Zhao,and assisted him in suppressing the revolt. Wen Yang continued serving under the Jin dynasty,which replaced the Wei regime in February 266,and achieved fame for leading successful military campaigns against tribal rebels led by Tufa Shujineng in northwestern China. In April 291,he was falsely accused of plotting a rebellion with Yang Jun,an ousted regent,and was arrested and executed along with his family.
Fu Gu (209–255),courtesy name Lanshi,was an official of the state of Cao Wei during the Three Kingdoms period of China.
Qin Lang,courtesy name Yuanming,was a military general of the state of Cao Wei during the Three Kingdoms period of China.
Tian Xu was a military officer of the state of Cao Wei during the Three Kingdoms period of China.
Qian Hong was an official of the Jin dynasty of China. He previously served in the state of Cao Wei during the Three Kingdoms period. His father,Qian Zhao (牽招),was a notable military general of the Cao Wei state.
You Prefecture or YouProvince,also known by its Chinese name Youzhou,was a prefecture (zhou) in northern China during its imperial era.
Bi Gui,courtesy name Zhaoxian,was an official serving in the state of Cao Wei during the Three Kingdoms period of China.
The Xianbei state or Xianbei confederation was a nomadic empire which existed in modern-day Mongolia,Inner Mongolia,northern Xinjiang,Northeast China,Gansu,Buryatia,Zabaykalsky Krai,Irkutsk Oblast,Tuva,Altai Republic and eastern Kazakhstan from c. 93 to 234. Like most ancient peoples known through Chinese historiography,the ethnic makeup of the Xianbei is unclear,though they are believed to have been a Proto-Mongolic people. There are also other strong suggestions that they were a multi-ethnic confederation with Mongolic and Turkic influences. They originated from the Donghu people who splintered into the Wuhuan and Xianbei when they were defeated by the Xiongnu at the end of the third century BC. Following the split,the Xianbei people did not have a direct contact with the Han Dynasty,residing to the north of the Wuhuan. In the first century BC,the Xianbei began to actively engage in the struggle between the Han and Xiongnu,which culminated in the Xianbei replacing the Xiongnu in 93 AD.
The Sixteen Kingdoms,less commonly the Sixteen States,was a chaotic period in Chinese history from AD 304 to 439 when northern China fragmented into a series of short-lived dynastic states. The majority of these states were founded by the "Five Barbarians",non-Han peoples who had settled in northern and western China during the preceding centuries,and had launched a series of rebellions against the Western Jin dynasty in the early 4th century. However,several of the states were founded by the Han people,and all of the states—whether ruled by Xiongnu,Xianbei,Di,Jie,Qiang,Han,or others—took on Han-style dynastic names. The states frequently fought against both one another and the Eastern Jin dynasty,which succeeded the Western Jin in 317 and ruled southern China. The period ended with the unification of northern China in 439 by the Northern Wei,a dynasty established by the Xianbei Tuoba clan. This occurred 19 years after the Eastern Jin collapsed in 420,and was replaced by the Liu Song dynasty. Following the unification of the north by Northern Wei,the Northern and Southern dynasties era of Chinese history began.
Guanqiu Jian and Wen Qin's Rebellion,or the Second Rebellion in Shouchun,was a punitive uprising led by Guanqiu Jian and Wen Qin,two generals from the state of Cao Wei,against the regent Sima Shi and his clan. This was the second of a series of three rebellions that all took place in Shouchun in the 250s during the Three Kingdoms period in Chinese history.
Cao Lin was an imperial prince of the state of Cao Wei in the Three Kingdoms period of China. He was a son of Cao Pi,the first Wei emperor,and the biological father of Cao Mao,the fourth Wei emperor.