| Butterfly coquette | |
|---|---|
 | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Aves |
| Clade: | Strisores |
| Order: | Apodiformes |
| Family: | Trochilidae |
| Genus: | Lophornis |
| Species: | L. verreauxii |
| Binomial name | |
| Lophornis verreauxii Bourcier, 1853 | |
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The butterfly coquette (Lophornis verreauxii) is a species of hummingbird in the "coquettes", tribe Lesbiini of subfamily Lesbiinae. [3] [4] It is found in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela. [5]
The butterfly coquette was formerly treated as a subspecies of the festive coquette (Lophornis chalybeus), and that species and the peacock coquette (L. pavoninus) were also for a time placed in genus Polemistria. In 2019 the South American Classification Committee (SACC) of the American Ornithological Society accepted the festive coquette as a separate species. The International Ornithological Committee (IOC) and BirdLife International's Handbook of the Birds of the World (HBW) adopted the split in 2020. The Clements taxonomy did not make updates in 2020 and adopted the split in 2021. [6] [3] [4] [7]
The butterfly coquette has two subspecies, the nominate L. v. verreauxii and L. v. klagesi. [3]
The butterfly coquette is 7.5 to 9.1 cm (3.0 to 3.6 in) long. The male of the nominate subspecies has a deep green head with a long, red-tipped, green crest and long green "whiskers" with white tips. Its back is green with golden highlights, deep reddish uppertail coverts, and a white band on the rump. The underparts are green but for white thighs and the tail is maroon. The female does not have the crest and "whiskers" but does have a whitish malar patch. The uppertail coverts are a less intense red than those of the male and it has golden highlights on the breast. Both sexes of subspecies L. v. klagesi are darker overall than the nominate, and their uppertail coverts are bronzy olive and the tail bronzy green. [8]
The nominate subspecies of butterfly coquette is found from Amazonian Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru into Brazil as far east as Mato Grosso and south into central Bolivia. L. v. klagesi is restricted to the Río Caura watershed in Venezuela's Bolívar state. The species inhabits a variety of humid landscapes including riparian forest, white sand scrub forest, and terra firme forest. It also occurs in secondary forest and scrubby fields. In elevation it ranges as high as 1,000 m (3,300 ft). [3] [8]
The butterfly coquette is essentially sedentary, though some short-distance seasonal movement is thought to occur. [8]
The butterfly coquette feeds on nectar, which is mostly sought in the canopy but also at lower levels. The species usually hovers to take nectar but has been recorded piercing the base of flowers to "steal" it. It has been observed trap-lining, visiting a circuit of flowering plants. It does not appear to defend a territory but will dispute conspecifics at a flower patch. The species also eats small insects that it apparently gleans from foliage. [8]
The butterfly coquette's breeding phenology has not been studied nor have the nest and eggs been described. [8]
The butterfly coquette is usually silent but makes "short tsip or chip" calls when feeding. One audio recording is available at Cornell University's Macaulay Library. [8]
The IUCN has assessed the butterfly coquette as being of Least Concern, though its population size is not known and thought to be decreasing. [1] It occurs in a few protected areas but is uncommon to rare and patchily distributed throughout its range. [8]
The wire-crested thorntail is a hummingbird in the "coquettes", tribe Lesbiini of subfamily Lesbiinae. It is found in humid forests in the Andean foothills of Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and possibly Bolivia.
The shining sunbeam is a species of hummingbird in the "brilliants", tribe Heliantheini in subfamily Lesbiinae. It is found in Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru.
The sombre hummingbird is a species of hummingbird in the "emeralds", tribe Trochilini of subfamily Trochilinae. It is endemic to Brazil.
The white-vented plumeleteer is a species of hummingbird in the "emeralds", tribe Trochilini of subfamily Trochilinae. It is found in Colombia, Ecuador, Panama, Peru, and Venezuela.
The short-tailed emerald is a species of hummingbird in the "emeralds", tribe Trochilini of subfamily Trochilinae. It is found in Colombia and Venezuela. It has also been called Poortman's emerald hummingbird.
The black-bellied thorntail is a species of hummingbird in the "coquettes", tribe Lesbiini of subfamily Lesbiinae. It is found in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela.
The Pirre hummingbird, also somewhat misleadingly known as the rufous-cheeked hummingbird, is a Near Threatened species of hummingbird in the "emeralds", tribe Trochilini of subfamily Trochilinae. It is found in Panama and far northwestern Colombia.
The purple-throated sunangel is a species of hummingbird in the "coquettes", tribe Lesbiini of subfamily Lesbiinae. It is found in Ecuador and Peru.
The green-tailed trainbearer is a species of hummingbird in the "coquettes", tribe Lesbiini of subfamily Lesbiinae. It is found in Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and possibly Venezuela.
The spot-throated hummingbird is a species of hummingbird in the "emeralds", tribe Trochilini of subfamily Trochilinae. It is endemic to Peru but there are uncorroborated sightings in Ecuador.
The festive coquette is a species of hummingbird in the "coquettes", tribe Lesbiini of subfamily Lesbiinae. It is endemic to Brazil.
The dot-eared coquette is a species of hummingbird in the "coquettes", tribe Lesbiini of subfamily Lesbiinae. It is found in Bolivia and Brazil.
The peacock coquette is a species of hummingbird in the "coquettes", tribe Lesbiini of subfamily Lesbiinae. It is found in Brazil, Guyana, and Venezuela.
The spangled coquette, coquette pailletée (French), coqueta coronada, or coqueta lentejuelada is a species of hummingbird in the "coquettes", tribe Lesbiini of subfamily Lesbiinae. It is found in Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela.
The bearded mountaineer is a species of hummingbird in the "coquettes", tribe Lesbiini of subfamily Lesbiinae. It is endemic to Peru.
The scaled ground cuckoo is a species of cuckoo in the tribe Neomorphini of subfamily Crotophaginae. It is endemic to the Amazon rainforest near the Tapajos River in Brazil.
The sharp-billed treehunter, sometimes called the sharp-billed xenops, is a species of bird in the Furnariinae subfamily of the ovenbird family Furnariidae. It is found in Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, and Uruguay.
The scaly-breasted woodpecker, also known as the scale-breasted woodpecker, is a subspecies of bird in subfamily Picinae of the woodpecker family Picidae. Some taxonomists consider it a separate species. It is found in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela.
The red-stained woodpecker is a species of bird in subfamily Picinae of the woodpecker family Picidae. It is found in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela.
Longuemare's sunangel is a species of hummingbird in the "coquettes", tribe Lesbiini of subfamily Lesbiinae. It is found in Colombia and Venezuela.
