Cadlina flavomaculata

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Yellow-spot cadlina
Cadlina flavomaculata from Point Pinos, California.jpg
Cadlina flavomaculata from Point Pinos, California
Scientific classification Red Pencil Icon.png
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Mollusca
Class: Gastropoda
Subclass: Heterobranchia
Infraclass: Euthyneura
Order: Nudibranchia
Suborder: Doridina
Superfamily: Doridoidea
Family: Cadlinidae
Genus: Cadlina
Species:
C. flavomaculata
Binomial name
Cadlina flavomaculata

Cadlina flavomaculata, common name the yellow-spot cadlina, is a species of colourful sea slug, a dorid nudibranch, a shell-less marine gastropod mollusk in the family Cadlinidae. [3] [4]

In biology, a common name of a taxon or organism is a name that is based on the normal language of everyday life; this kind of name is often contrasted with the scientific name for the same organism, which is Latinized. A common name is sometimes frequently used, but that is by no means always the case.

In biology, a species ( ) is the basic unit of classification and a taxonomic rank of an organism, as well as a unit of biodiversity. A species is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate sexes or mating types can produce fertile offspring, typically by sexual reproduction. Other ways of defining species include their karyotype, DNA sequence, morphology, behaviour or ecological niche. In addition, paleontologists use the concept of the chronospecies since fossil reproduction cannot be examined. While these definitions may seem adequate, when looked at more closely they represent problematic species concepts. For example, the boundaries between closely related species become unclear with hybridisation, in a species complex of hundreds of similar microspecies, and in a ring species. Also, among organisms that reproduce only asexually, the concept of a reproductive species breaks down, and each clone is potentially a microspecies.

Sea slug group of marine invertebrates with varying levels of resemblance to terrestrial slugs

Sea slug is a common name for some marine invertebrates with varying levels of resemblance to terrestrial slugs. Most creatures known as sea slugs are actually gastropods, i.e. they are sea snails that over evolutionary time have either completely lost their shells, or have seemingly lost their shells due to having a greatly reduced or internal shell. The name "sea slug" is most often applied to nudibranchs, as well as to a paraphyletic set of other marine gastropods without obvious shells.

Contents

Distribution

Cadlina flavomaculata is a relatively rare nudibranch found in subtidal and intertidal zones of the northeastern Pacific, from Vancouver Island to the southern tip of Baja California. However, it is common in some diving sites between Monterey, Carmel and Big Sur. [5]

Vancouver Island Island on the western coast of Canada

Vancouver Island is in the northeastern Pacific Ocean. It is part of the Canadian province of British Columbia. The island is 460 kilometres (290 mi) in length, 100 kilometres (62 mi) in width at its widest point, and 32,134 km2 (12,407 sq mi) in area. It is the largest island on the West Coast of the Americas.

Carmel-by-the-Sea, California City in California, United States

Carmel-by-the-Sea, often simply called Carmel, is a city in Monterey County, California, United States, founded in 1902 and incorporated on October 31, 1916. Situated on the Monterey Peninsula, Carmel is known for its natural scenery and rich artistic history. In 1906, the San Francisco Call devoted a full page to the "artists, writers and poets at Carmel-by-the-Sea", and in 1910 it reported that 60 percent of Carmel's houses were built by citizens who were "devoting their lives to work connected to the aesthetic arts." Early City Councils were dominated by artists, and the city has had several mayors who were poets or actors, including Herbert Heron, founder of the Forest Theater, bohemian writer and actor Perry Newberry, and actor-director Clint Eastwood.

Big Sur Region of California in the United States

Big Sur is a rugged and mountainous section of the Central Coast of California between Carmel Highlands and San Simeon, where the Santa Lucia Mountains rise abruptly from the Pacific Ocean. It is frequently praised for its dramatic scenery. Big Sur has been called the "longest and most scenic stretch of undeveloped coastline in the contiguous United States," a "national treasure that demands extraordinary procedures to protect it from development" and "one of the most beautiful coastlines anywhere in the world, an isolated stretch of road, mythic in reputation." The stunning views, redwood forests, hiking, beaches, and other recreational opportunities have made Big Sur a popular destination for about 7 million people who live within a day's drive and visitors from across the world. The region receives about the same number of visitors as Yosemite National Park, but offers extremely limited bus service, few restrooms, and a narrow two-lane highway with few places to park alongside the road. North-bound traffic during the peak summer season and holiday weekends is often backed up for about 20 miles (32 km) from Big Sur Village to Carmel.

Description

The yellow-spot cadlina is charactered by its ovate, translucent, white mantle with distinctive, brown to black rhinophores. A series of large, yellow spots (mantle glands) can be seen on each side of the mantle. Some reported specimens also show a yellow border to the mantle, but this is not found in all individuals. The color of branchia (gills) is white to yellow. [6] Its reported length is 15 mm. [7] [8] [9] [10]

Mantle (mollusc) part of the anatomy of molluscs

The mantle is a significant part of the anatomy of molluscs: it is the dorsal body wall which covers the visceral mass and usually protrudes in the form of flaps well beyond the visceral mass itself.

Rhinophore

A rhinophore is one of a pair of chemosensory club-shaped, rod-shaped or ear-like structures which are the most prominent part of the external head anatomy in sea slugs, marine gastropod opisthobranch mollusks such as the nudibranchs (Nudibranchia), Sea Hares, (Aplysiomorpha) and sap-sucking sea slugs (Sacoglossa).

Ecology

Cadlina flavomaculata in situ. Cadlina flavomaculata.jpg
Cadlina flavomaculata in situ.

Cadlina flavomaculata feeds on the sponge Aplysilla glacialis . [11]

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References

  1. ↑ MacFarland, Frank Mace (1905) A preliminary account of the Dorididae of Monterey Bay, California. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 18: 35-54.
  2. ↑ MacFarland, Frank Mace (1906) Opisthobranchiate Mollusca from Monterey Bay, California, and vicinity. Bulletin of Fisheries, 25: 109-151.
  3. ↑ Caballer, M. (2011). Cadlina flavomaculata McFarland, 1905. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species on 2011-02-26
  4. ↑ Johnson R.F. (2011) Breaking family ties: taxon sampling and molecular phylogeny of chromodorid nudibranchs (Mollusca, Gastropoda). Zoologica Scripta 40(2): 137-157. page(s): 139
  5. ↑ McDonald, G. R. (1983). A review of the nudibranchs of the California coast. Malacologia 24 (1-2): 114-276.
  6. ↑ Behrens, D.W. and A. Hermosillo 2005. Eastern Pacific Nudibranchs: A guide to the Opisthobranchs from Alaska to Central America. Sea Challengers. Monterey, CA. 137 p.
  7. ↑ Behrens, David W. 1991. Pacific coast nudibranchs. Sea Challengers, Monterey, CA, 105 pp.
  8. ↑ Debelius, H. & Kuiter, R.H. (2007) Nudibranchs of the world. ConchBooks, Frankfurt, 360 pp. ISBN   978-3-939767-06-0 page(s): 213
  9. ↑ Cadlina flavomaculata. Miller, M. ed., accessed 2018-12-04.
  10. ↑ Rudman, W.B., 2005 (August 19) Cadlina flavomaculata MacFarland, 1905. [In] Sea Slug Forum. Australian Museum, Sydney.
  11. ↑ McDonald, G. R.; Nybakken, J. R. (1978). "Additional notes on the food of some California nudibranchs with a summary of known food habits of California species". The Veliger. 21 (1): 110–118.
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