Campbells Bay | |
|---|---|
 | |
 | |
| Coordinates: 36°45′S174°46′E / 36.75°S 174.76°E | |
| Country | New Zealand |
| City | Auckland |
| Local authority | Auckland Council |
| Electoral ward | Albany ward |
| Local board | Hibiscus and Bays |
| Area | |
| • Land | 174 ha (430 acres) |
| Population (June 2023) [2] | |
| • Total | 2,980 |
| Postcode(s) | 0630, 0620 [3] |
| Windsor Park | Mairangi Bay | (Hauraki Gulf) |
| Sunnynook |   Campbells Bay  | (Hauraki Gulf) |
| Glenfield | Forrest Hill | Castor Bay |
Campbells Bay is a suburb of the North Shore located in Auckland, New Zealand. [4]
Campbells Bay is located in the East Coast Bays of the North Shore, between Mairangi Bay and Castor Bay. [5] The bay to the east shares the same name as the suburb, and looks out towards the Hauraki Gulf and the Coromandel Peninsula. [6] South of Campbells Bay beach is a cliff, known as Red Bluff. [7]
The land is primarily formed from clay and Waitemata sandstone, which can be seen in the cliffs along the coast. [8] [9] Prior to human settlement, the inland Campbells Bay area was primarily a northern broadleaf podocarp forest, dominated by kauri, with significant numbers of tōtara, mataī, miro, kauri and kahikatea trees. Pōhutukawa trees were a major feature of the coastline. [10] [11]
Māori settlement of the Auckland Region began around the 13th or 14th centuries. [12] [13] The North Shore was settled by Tāmaki Māori, including people descended from the Tainui migratory canoe and ancestors of figures such as Taikehu and Peretū. [14] Many of the Tāmaki Māori people of the North Shore identified as Ngā Oho. [15] While the poor soils around the East Coast Bays hindered dense settlement, [8] traditional resources in the area included fish, shellfish and marine birds. [16] The traditional name for the coast between Murrays Bay and Campbells Bay is Waipapa. [17] [18]
The warrior Maki migrated from the Kāwhia Harbour to his ancestral home in the Auckland Region, likely sometime in the 17th century. Maki conquered and unified many the Tāmaki Māori tribes as Te Kawerau ā Maki, including those of the North Shore. [19] [20] After Maki's death, his sons settled different areas of his lands, creating new hapū. His younger son Maraeariki settled the North Shore and Hibiscus Coast, who based himself at the head of the Ōrewa River. Maraeariki's daughter Kahu succeeded him, and she is the namesake of the North Shore, Te Whenua Roa o Kahu ("The Greater Lands of Kahu"). [21] [22] Many of the iwi of the North Shore, including Ngāti Manuhiri, Ngāti Maraeariki, Ngāti Kahu, Ngāti Poataniwha, Ngāi Tai Ki Tāmaki and Ngāti Whātua, can trace their lineage to Kahu. [22] [23]
By the 18th century, the Marutūāhu iwi Ngāti Paoa had expanded their influence to include the islands of the Hauraki Gulf and the North Shore. [24] After periods of conflict, peace had been reached by the 1790s. [25] The earliest contact with Europeans began in the late 18th century, which caused many Tāmaki Māori to die of rewharewha, respiratory diseases. [26] During the early 1820s, most Māori of the North Shore fled for the Waikato or Northland due to the threat of war parties during the Musket Wars. Most people had returned by the late 1820s and 1830s. [13] [24] [27]
In 1841, the Crown purchased the Mahurangi and Omaha blocks; an area that spanned from Takapuna to Te Ārai. The purchase involved some iwi with customary interests in the area, such as Ngāti Paoa, other Marutūāhu iwi and Ngāi Tai ki Tāmaki, but not others, such as Te Kawerau ā Maki or Ngāti Rango. [28] [29] [23] [30] The Crown spent until 1873 rectifying this sale, by making further deals with stakeholders. [29] [30]
The land at Campbells Bay was first purchased by John Logan Campbell in 1845. [31] In 1850, Scottish immigrant Donald Mackay from Reay came to New Zealand to join his brother Alexander Mackay, who was farming land near Lake Pupuke. Alexander Mackay bought 60 acres of land from Campbell, to develop into a farm worked by his brother Donald. [32] [33] [34] Around this period, one of the largest kauri gum diggers camps on the North Shore was established in the area. [11] Originally known as Donalds Bay, [32] the bay became known as Johnston's Bay, after the Johnston family from County Tyrone in Northern Ireland set up a dairy farm and grew vegetables in the area. [33] The Johnston family sold their milk to residents in Takapuna and the gum diggers who visited the area. [32] In 1885, 70 hectares of scrubland was gazetted as a nature reserve called the Takapuna Domain (renamed Centennial Park in 1940), which overtime regenerated into native bush. [35] [36]
The Johnston family sold the farm to a farmer named Mr. Cave in 1888, [32] around the time that orchards became an important feature of the farm. [37] In 1894, Mr. Cave sold the property to Duncan Campbell, well known for his Auckland shoe store, after which the bay became known as Campbells Bay. [32] [38] In 1912, the farm was subdivided, and Campbells Bay became a popular spot for holidayers, due to its relative proximity to the terminus for the Milford to Bayswater tram. Holiday baches were built in the area until World War I stopped the construction of new baches. [32] [38] In 1914, a portion of the Takapuna Domain became the Pupuke Golf Club, [39] and from 1920 better roading in the area led to the construction of permanent homes. [32]
In 1938, the Central Methodist Mission established a health camp at Campbells Bay, which by the 1940s became the main health camp for in-need youth in Auckland. [8] In 1940 to celebrate 100 years since the establishment of Auckland, Takapuna Domain was renamed Centennial Park, and extensive planting was done to create a native bush. [36] During World War II, defensive pillboxes were constructed in Centennial Park. [36]
From 1876 until 1954, the area was administered by the Waitemata County, a large rural county north and west of the city of Auckland. [40] In 1954, the area split from the county, forming the East Coast Bays Borough Council, [40] which became East Coast Bays City in 1975. [41] In 1989, the city was merged into the North Shore City. [41] North Shore City was amalgamated into Auckland Council in November 2010. [42]
Within the Auckland Council, Campbells Bay is a part of the Hibiscus and Bays local government area governed by the Hibiscus and Bays Local Board. It is a part of the Albany ward, which elects two councillors to the Auckland Council.
Campbells Bay covers 1.74 km2 (0.67 sq mi) [1] and had an estimated population of 2,980 as of June 2023, [2] with a population density of 1,713 people per km2.
| Year | Pop. | ±% p.a. |
|---|---|---|
| 2006 | 2,688 | — |
| 2013 | 2,835 | +0.76% |
| 2018 | 2,889 | +0.38% |
| Source: [43] | ||
Campbells Bay had a population of 2,889 at the 2018 New Zealand census, an increase of 54 people (1.9%) since the 2013 census, and an increase of 201 people (7.5%) since the 2006 census. There were 957 households, comprising 1,407 males and 1,485 females, giving a sex ratio of 0.95 males per female. The median age was 43.1 years (compared with 37.4 years nationally), with 555 people (19.2%) aged under 15 years, 522 (18.1%) aged 15 to 29, 1,356 (46.9%) aged 30 to 64, and 459 (15.9%) aged 65 or older.
Ethnicities were 80.5% European/Pākehā, 4.2% Māori, 0.6% Pacific peoples, 18.2% Asian, and 2.9% other ethnicities. People may identify with more than one ethnicity.
The percentage of people born overseas was 37.2, compared with 27.1% nationally.
Although some people chose not to answer the census's question about religious affiliation, 56.6% had no religion, 34.0% were Christian, 0.7% were Hindu, 1.1% were Muslim, 0.6% were Buddhist and 1.9% had other religions.
Of those at least 15 years old, 981 (42.0%) people had a bachelor's or higher degree, and 159 (6.8%) people had no formal qualifications. The median income was $46,600, compared with $31,800 nationally. 813 people (34.8%) earned over $70,000 compared to 17.2% nationally. The employment status of those at least 15 was that 1,152 (49.4%) people were employed full-time, 408 (17.5%) were part-time, and 69 (3.0%) were unemployed. [43]
Campbells Bay Primary School is a coeducational contributing primary (years 1–6) school with a roll of 678 students as of February 2024, [44] [45] which opened in August 1925. [46] In 1973, Kristin School was established at the former Methodist Health Camp in Campbells Bay. [47] As the school grew rapidly, a new campus was opened in Albany in 1978. [48]
The North Shore is one of the major geographical regions of Auckland, the largest city in New Zealand. The area is defined as the northern shores of the Waitematā Harbour as far north as the Ōkura River.
Orewa is a settlement in the northern Auckland Region of New Zealand. It is a suburb of the Hibiscus Coast, just north of the base of the Whangaparāoa Peninsula and 40 kilometres (25 mi) north of central Auckland. The Northern Motorway, part of State Highway 1, passes just inland of Orewa and extends through the twin Johnston Hill tunnels to near Puhoi.
Northcote is a suburb of Auckland in northern New Zealand. It is situated on the North Shore, on the northern shores of Waitematā Harbour, 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) northwest of the Auckland City Centre. The suburb includes the peninsula of Northcote Point where the northern approaches to the Auckland Harbour Bridge are located, and Northcote Central, the commercial centre of Northcote. Northcote features two volcanic maars.
East Coast Bays is a string of small suburbs that form the northernmost part of the North Shore, part of the contiguous Auckland metropolitan area in New Zealand. The suburbs line the north-east coast of the city along the shore of the Hauraki Gulf and Rangitoto Channel. They include, from north to south, Long Bay, Torbay, Waiake Bay, Browns Bay, Rothesay Bay, Murrays Bay, Mairangi Bay, Campbells Bay and Castor Bay. Most of the East Coast Bays are covered under the East Coast Bays subdivision of the Hibiscus and Bays local board area.
Takapuna is a suburb located on the North Shore of Auckland, New Zealand. The suburb is an isthmus between Shoal Bay, arm of the Waitematā Harbour, and the Hauraki Gulf. Lake Pupuke, a volcanic maar and one of the oldest features of the Auckland volcanic field, is a freshwater lake located in the suburb.
Glenfield is a suburb of Auckland, New Zealand, located on the North Shore. Established as a rural community in the 1850s, the area developed as a suburban part of Auckland after the completion of the Auckland Harbour Bridge in 1959.
Albany is one of the northernmost suburbs of the contiguous Auckland metropolitan area in New Zealand. It is located on the North Shore, 15 kilometres (9 mi) northwest of the Auckland city centre. Albany is found at the headlands of Lucas Creek, and was the location of a portage used by Tāmaki Māori, where waka could be taken between the Upper Waitematā Harbour and the Okura River/Hauraki Gulf. During the 1840s, early European settlers established the village of Lucas Creek, which became by the 1880s had become a major fruit growing centre in Auckland. The town voted to change the name from Lucas Creek to Albany in 1890.
Milford is a suburb located on the North Shore, Auckland. It is located on northern side of Lake Pupuke. It also has a popular swimming beach, which runs some two kilometres from Black Rock in the south to Castor Bay in the north. The Wairau Creek reaches the sea at the Hauraki Gulf at the northern end of Milford Beach, and its lower tidal reaches host the Milford Marina.
Browns Bay is one of the most northernmost suburbs in the contiguous Auckland metropolitan area, located in the North Shore. Named after the Brown family who settled here in 1876, Browns Bay became a holiday destination in the late 19th century. The area gradually developed into a suburb of Auckland in the 1950s, and was the administrative centre for the East Coast Bays City from 1975 until it was disestablished in 1989. During the 1990s, the suburb became a hub for the South African New Zealander community.
Mairangi Bay is a coastal suburb of North Shore, Auckland, located in the northern North Island of New Zealand, on the south-east-facing peninsula forming the northern side of the Waitematā Harbour. Mairangi Bay came under the local governance of the North Shore City Council until subsumed into the Auckland Council in 2010.
Greenhithe is a northwestern suburb of Auckland, New Zealand, located on the North Shore. Greenhithe was the location of Tauhinu, a fortified Te Kawerau ā Maki and Ngāti Whātua pā which overlooked the entrance to Oruamo or Hellyers Creek, that was settled until the 1820s. In the 1860s, the Forgham family established a community at Greenhithe, which by the 1880s had become a major fruit producer for Auckland. Boat repair and construction became major industries in Greenhithe in the 1960s.
Torbay is a northern suburb of Auckland, New Zealand. It is located in the upper East Coast Bays of the city's North Shore, and is governed by Auckland Council.
Castor Bay is a bay and suburb of the North Shore, located in Auckland which is in the North Island of New Zealand. Located between Milford and Campbells Bay, it is part of the East Coast Bays. To the east lies the islands of Rangitoto and Motutapu, which are easily visible from land. The suburb is in the North Shore ward, one of the thirteen administrative divisions of Auckland Council.
Rothesay Bay is a small suburb in Auckland's East Coast Bays region. The suburb is roughly the same size as Murrays Bay, the suburb to the immediate south.
Murrays Bay is a small suburb in the East Coast Bays region, located in the North Shore of Auckland. The suburb is roughly the same size as Rothesay Bay, the suburb to the immediate north. It is primarily a residential area but does have a community centre, restaurant and café. Murrays Bay is regularly serviced by buses which go to Takapuna and the Auckland city centre.
Long Bay is one of the northernmost suburbs of the North Shore, part of the contiguous Auckland metropolitan area located in New Zealand.
This is a timeline of the history of the city of Auckland in New Zealand.
Tāmaki Māori are Māori iwi and hapū who have a strong connection to Tāmaki Makaurau, and whose rohe was traditionally within the region. Among Ngā Mana Whenua o Tāmaki Makaurau, also known as the Tāmaki Collective, there are thirteen iwi and hapū, organised into three rōpū (collectives), however Tāmaki Māori can also refer to subtribes and historical iwi not included in this list.
Waiake is one of the northernmost suburbs of the North Shore, in Auckland, New Zealand. It is located in the East Coast Bays between the suburbs of Browns Bay to the south and Torbay to the north. It has a beach, which looks out to the Tor, a presque-isle at the north end of the beach that becomes an island at high tide. Waiake is under the local governance of the Auckland Council.
Schnapper Rock is a western suburb on the North Shore of Auckland, New Zealand. The suburb is currently under local governance of Auckland Council. The area was known for a gum digging hut used by early European settlers in the mid-19th century. North Shore Memorial Park was opened area in 1974, and the area developed into suburban housing in the early 2000s.
