Hypogymnia is a genus of foliose lichens in the family Parmeliaceae. They are commonly known as tube lichens, bone lichens, or pillow lichens. Most species lack rhizines that are otherwise common in members of the Parmeliaceae, and have swollen lobes that are usually hollow. The lichens usually grow on the bark and wood of coniferous trees.
Punctelia is a genus of foliose lichens belonging to the large family Parmeliaceae. The genus, which contains about 50 species, was segregated from genus Parmelia in 1982. Characteristics that define Punctelia include the presence of hook-like to thread-like conidia, simple rhizines, and point-like pseudocyphellae. It is this last feature that is alluded to in the vernacular names speckled shield lichens or speckleback lichens.
Candelaria is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Candelariaceae. The genus was circumscribed by Italian lichenologist Abramo Bartolommeo Massalongo in 1852.
Candelariella is a genus of bright yellow, ocher, or greenish yellow crustose or squamulose lichens in the family Candelariaceae. Members of the genus are commonly called eggyolk lichens, goldspeck lichens, or yolk lichens. The genus was circumscribed in 1894 by Swiss lichenologist Johannes Müller Argoviensis, with Candelariella vitellina assigned as the type species.
Lichens of the Sierra Nevada have been little studied. A lichen is a composite organism consisting of a fungus and a photosynthetic partner growing together in a symbiotic relationship.
Candelariella aurella, the hidden goldspeck lichen or eggyolk lichen, is a yellow crustose lichen in the family Candelariaceae. It is commonly found on calcareous rock or wood or bark exposed to sunlight and which may have calcareous dust in areas with lime soils. The thallus is areolate with scattered small (0.1–0.3 mm), rounded to elongated yellow areolas. It has a global distribution and occurs on limestone and calcareous sandstone in the Sonoran Desert in Arizona, California, and Baja California. It occurs in Joshua Tree National Monument.
Candelariella vitellina is a common and widespread green-yellow to orange-yellow crustose areolate lichen that grows on rock, wood, and bark, all over the world. It grows on non-calcareous rock, wood, and bark. It often has tiny lobate areoles in the shape of lion claws. The areoles may be flat or convex. Its sexual reproduction structures (apothecia) are a 0.35–1.0 mm-wide disc, darker yellow than the thallus, rimmed with thallus-like tissue lecanorine, flat but becoming convex with age. Lichen spot tests are K+ reddish, KC−, and C−. It produces calycin, pulvinic acid, pulvinic dilactone and vulpinic acid as secondary metabolites.
Niebla flagelliforma is a fruticose lichen that grows on rocks along the foggy Pacific Coast of Baja California mostly in the Northern Vizcaíno Desert. The epithet, flagelliforma is in reference to the individual branches of the thallus shaped like a flagellum.
Rainar Alarik Hakulinen was a Finnish lichenologist and schoolteacher. He was noted as an expert on the lichen family Candelariaceae, and was known for his numerous phytogeographical publications about the boreal and arctic lichens of Finland, Northern Norway, and Russian Karelia.
Candelariella antennaria, or the pussytoes eggyolk lichen, is a lichen commonly distributed in North America, and has been observed in South America, Asia, Australia, and Europe. It is characterized by its gray thallus and bright yellow apothecia, as well as its very small size.
Candelariella rubrisoli is a species of crustose lichen in the family Candelariaceae. It was described as new to science in 2019 by Dong Liu and Jae-Seoun Hur. The type was collected near Huagou Village, in Dongchuan District. Here it was found growing on Chinese white pine at an elevation of about 2,400 m (7,900 ft). The specific epithet rubrisoli refers to the red soil of the type locality. The lichen is characterized by the areolate to somewhat squamulose (scale-like) thallus. The thallus typically breaks and eventually dissolves into soredia. Calycin and pulvinic acid are the major secondary metabolites present in the lichen.
Parmelia ernstiae is a species of foliose lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. It occurs in Europe.
Candelariella flavosorediata is a species of lichen in the family Candelariaceae. Found in Réunion, it was described as a new species in 2021 by lichenologists Klaus Kalb and André Aptroot. The type was collected just below the summit of the Maïdo, at an elevation of about 2,100 m (6,900 ft). Here it was found growing on tree bark in scrub. The specific epithet flavosorediata refers to the yellow soredia that cover most of the lichen thallus.
Candelariella aggregata is a species of lichen in the family Candelariaceae. It is found in western North America, Mongolia, and Switzerland where it grows on mosses and plant debris.
Candelariella deppeanae is a species of lichen in the family Candelariaceae. Found in southwestern North America, it was formally described as a new species in 2007 by Swedish lichenologist Martin Westberg. The type specimen was collected in the Chiricahua Mountains at an elevation of 1,750 m (5,740 ft). Here, in an oak forest, it was found growing on a decorticated (barkless) part of alligator juniper. Most collections of the lichen are from the wood or trunks of this juniper plant; the species epithet deppeanae alludes to this close relationship.
Candelariella corallizoides is a species of squamulose (scaley), saxicolous (rock-dwelling) lichen in the family Candelariaceae. Found in Mexico, it was formally described as a new species in 2007 by Swedish lichenologist Martin Westberg. The type specimen was collected from the north-facing cliffs of the Sierra Agua Verde at an elevation of 1,200 m (3,900 ft). Here, in open oak woodland with shrubs, it was found growing on siliceous rock. The lichen is known to occur in several localities in Baja California. The specific epithet corallizoides refers to the coralloid squamules of the thallus.
Candelariella complanata is a species of squamulose (scaley) and saxicolous (rock-dwelling) lichen in the family Candelariaceae. Found in southwestern North America, it was formally described as a new species in 2007 by Swedish lichenologist Martin Westberg. The type specimen was collected from a cliff of the Sierra Agua Verde at an elevation of about 1,000 m (3,300 ft); here it was found growing on volcanic rock. The thallus of the lichen is complanate (smooth) as a result of its flattened and peltate squamules. This gives it a distinct appearance that is referenced in the specific epithet complanata. The geographic range of Candelariella complanata includes Baja California, Coahuila, Sinaloa, and Sonora, north to southern Arizona, Texas, and New Mexico. It prefers to grow on siliceous rock in open montane habitats to elevations of at least 1,900 m (6,200 ft).
Candelariella efflorescens, commonly known as the powdery goldfleck lichen, is a species of lichen in the family Candelariaceae. Found in North America, it was formally described as a new species in 1978 by Richard C. Harris and William R. Buck. The type specimen was collected by the second author from Hog Island Point State Forest Campground ; here, at the edge of a swamp, it was found growing on Populus balsamifera. The lichen has a temperate eastern North American distribution. Although it occurs most frequently on bark, it has also occasionally been recorded growing on wood. Before its description as a new species, it had most often been confused with Candelariella xanthostigma, Candelariella concolor var. effusa, and Lepraria candelaris when well developed.
Candelaria pacifica is a widely distributed corticolous (bark-dwelling), leprose lichen. It was formally described as a species in 2011.
Candelaria concolor, commonly known as the candleflame lichen or the lemon lichen, is an ascomycete of the genus Candelaria. It is a small foliose lichen dispersed globally.
