External links
- Embassy of Cape Verde in the Netherlands
- Migration and Major Cities Policy in Rotterdam Archived 2012-03-01 at the Wayback Machine
- Gemeente Rotterdam
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| Total population | |
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| 23,150 (2022) | |
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| Cape Verdean Creole, Dutch, Portuguese | |
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| Catholicism, minority Jehovah's Witnesses [1] |
Cape Verdeans in the Netherlands consist of migrants from Cape Verde to the Netherlands and their descendants. As of 2022 [update] , figures from Statistics Netherlands showed 23,150 people of Cape Verdean origin in the Netherlands (people from Cape Verde, or those with a parent from there). [2]
Early migration from Cape Verde to the Netherlands began in the 1960s and 1970s. The migrants consisted primarily of young men who had signed on as sailors on Dutch ships, and as such they concentrated primarily in the port city of Rotterdam, especially the Heemraadsplein area. Prior to independence in 1975, Cape Verdean immigrants were registered as Portuguese immigrants from the overseas province of Portuguese Cape Verde. Another wave of migration began in 1975, following the independence of Cape Verde from Portugal; this new wave of migrants comprised primarily teachers, soldiers, and other lower officials of the former government. There was an immigration amnesty for Cape Verdean migrants in 1976. [3]
From 1996 to 2010, the number of Cape Verdeans in the Netherlands recorded by Statistics Netherlands grew by roughly 25% from a base of 16,662 people; about three-quarters of the growth in that period was in the 2nd-generation category (people born in the Netherlands to one or two migrant parents from Cape Verde). [4]
As of today, Cape Verdeans are part of the wider Portuguese-speaking community in the Netherlands, comprising around 35,000 people from PALOP countries (the overwhelming majority being from Angola or from Cape Verde), Timor-Leste or Macau, [5] 65,000 Brazilians [6] and 35,600 Portuguese. [7]
Approximately 90% live in the Rotterdam metropolitan area. [8] In Rotterdam, the largest concentration live in Delfshaven, where they make up about 8.8% of the borough's population. [9] The city has more than 60 Cape Verdean civil organisations. [10] Smaller groups can be found in other cities such as Schiedam, Amsterdam, Zaanstad, and Delfzijl. [11]
Cape Verdeans generally have better labour market outcomes than other migrant groups like Turks or Moroccans, similar to those of Surinamese, but worse than those of natives. [12] The various Cape Verdean-run hair salons of Rotterdam often serve as gathering points for the women of the community. [13] Other common ethnic business niches include transport businesses and travel agencies. [13] The Cape Verdeans are also renown in the music industry and currently developing within the contemporary fine arts.
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Cape Verde is known internationally for morna, a form of folk music usually sung in the Cape Verdean Creole, accompanied by clarinet, violin, guitar and cavaquinho. Funaná, Coladeira, Batuque and Cabo love are other musical forms.
Baltasar Lopes da Silva was a writer, poet and linguist from Cape Verde, who wrote in both Portuguese and Cape Verdean Creole. With Manuel Lopes and Jorge Barbosa, he was the founder of Claridade. In 1947 he published Chiquinho, considered the greatest Cape Verdean novel and O dialecto crioulo de Cabo Verde which describes different dialects of creoles of Cape Verde. He sometimes wrote under the pseudonym Osvaldo Alcântara.
O dialecto crioulo de Cabo Verde is a Capeverdean book published in 1957 by Baltasar Lopes da Silva. As the title was the spelling used after the 1945 Portuguese Orthography Agreement, its modern spelling is titled O Dialeto Crioulo de Cabo Verde.
Jorge Vera-Cruz Barbosa was a Cape Verdean poet and writer. He collaborated in various reviews and Portuguese and Cape Verdean journals. The publication of his poetry anthology Arquipélago (Archipelago) in 1935 marked the beginning of Cape Verdean poetry. He was, along with Baltazar Lopes da Silva and Manuel Lopes, one of the three founders of the literary journal Claridade ("Clarity") in 1936, which marked the beginning of modern Cape Verdean literature.
Portuguese Luxembourgers are the citizens or residents of Luxembourg whose ethnic origins lie in Portugal.
Adriano Gonçalves, known by his stage name Bana and called the "King of Morna", was a Cape Verdean singer and performer of the morna style, the plaintive, melodic lament which is a staple musical style of the country.
In 1995, it was estimated that there were 50,000 people of Cape Verdean descent or national origin in Portugal. By 2000, this estimation rose to 83,000 people, of which 90% resided in Greater Lisbon." In 2008, Portugal’s National Statistics Institute estimated that there were 68,145 Cape Verdeans who legally resided in Portugal. This made up "15.7% of all foreign nationals living legally in the country."
The Cabo Verdean diaspora refers to both historical and present emigration from Cape Verde. Today, more Cabo Verdeans live abroad than in Cape Verde itself. The country with the largest number of Cape Verdeans living abroad is the United States.
There is a small population of Angolans in the Netherlands numbering around 10,000 people, largely consisting of refugees from the Angolan Civil War.
Portuguese in the Netherlands are the citizens or residents of the Netherlands whose ethnic origins lie in Portugal.
Cape Verdeans, also called Cabo Verdeans, are a creole ethnic group native to Cape Verde, an island nation in West Africa consisting of an archipelago in the central Atlantic Ocean. Cape Verde is a multi-ethnic society, which means that it is home to people of many different ethnic backgrounds. Cabo Verdeans do not consider their nationality as an ethnicity but as a citizenship with various ethnicities.
Francisco Xavier da Cruz, also known as B. Leza or Beleza was a Cape Verdean writer, composer and singer of morna music..
Epifânia de Freitas Silva Ramos Évora, better known as Dona Tututa or Tututa Évora was a Cape Verdean composer and a pianist.
Nancy Vieira is a Cape Verdean singer who was born in Guinea-Bissau and currently resides in Portugal.
Manuel Veiga is a Cape Verdean writer, a linguist with references in the national and international level and a politician. He was minister of culture of his country from 2004 to 2011.
Nelson Freitas is a Cape Verdean-Dutch singer, producer and recorder. He records with GhettoZouk Music, which also signed artists Chelsy Shantel and William Araujo.
Maria Dulce de Oliveira Almada Duarte (1933-2019) was a Cape Verdean linguist who was a member and resistance fighter of the African Party for the Independence of Guinea and Cape Verde.
The Literature of Cape Verde is among the most important in West Africa, it is the second richest in West Africa after Mali and modern day Mauritania. It is also the richest in the Lusophone portion of Africa. Most works are written in Portuguese, but there are also works in Capeveredean Creole, French and notably English.
