Cardiocondyla nuda

Cardiocondyla nuda
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Insecta
Order:	Hymenoptera
Suborder:	Apocrita
Family:	Formicidae
Subfamily:	Myrmicinae
Genus:	Cardiocondyla
Species:	C. nuda
Binomial name
	Cardiocondyla nuda; (Mayr, 1866)

Last updated March 18, 2019

Cardiocondyla nuda is a species of ant in the subfamily Myrmicinae.^[1] It is a widespread ant species, and not invasive in nature.^{[ citation needed ]}

In biology, a species ( ) is the basic unit of classification and a taxonomic rank of an organism, as well as a unit of biodiversity. A species is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate sexes or mating types can produce fertile offspring, typically by sexual reproduction. Other ways of defining species include their karyotype, DNA sequence, morphology, behaviour or ecological niche. In addition, paleontologists use the concept of the chronospecies since fossil reproduction cannot be examined. While these definitions may seem adequate, when looked at more closely they represent problematic species concepts. For example, the boundaries between closely related species become unclear with hybridisation, in a species complex of hundreds of similar microspecies, and in a ring species. Also, among organisms that reproduce only asexually, the concept of a reproductive species breaks down, and each clone is potentially a microspecies.

Ants are eusocial insects of the family Formicidae and, along with the related wasps and bees, belong to the order Hymenoptera. Ants evolved from wasp-like ancestors in the Cretaceous period, about 140 million years ago, and diversified after the rise of flowering plants. More than 12,500 of an estimated total of 22,000 species have been classified. They are easily identified by their elbowed antennae and the distinctive node-like structure that forms their slender waists.

Myrmicinae is a subfamily of ants, with about 140 extant genera; their distribution is cosmopolitan. The pupae lack cocoons. Some species retain a functional sting. The petioles of Myrmicinae consist of two nodes. The nests are permanent and in soil, rotting wood, under stones, or in trees.

Subspecies

Cardiocondyla nuda fajumensisForel, 1913
Cardiocondyla nuda nudaMayr, 1866 - See below
Cardiocondyla nuda sculptinodisSantschi, 1913 - Madagascar
Cardiocondyla nuda shuckardoidesForel, 1895
Cardiocondyla nuda strigifronsViehmeyer, 1922

Madagascar, officially the Republic of Madagascar, and previously known as the Malagasy Republic, is an island country in the Indian Ocean, approximately 400 kilometres off the coast of East Africa. The nation comprises the island of Madagascar and numerous smaller peripheral islands. Following the prehistoric breakup of the supercontinent Gondwana, Madagascar split from the Indian subcontinent around 88 million years ago, allowing native plants and animals to evolve in relative isolation. Consequently, Madagascar is a biodiversity hotspot; over 90% of its wildlife is found nowhere else on Earth. The island's diverse ecosystems and unique wildlife are threatened by the encroachment of the rapidly growing human population and other environmental threats.

Distribution

Australia, Cook Islands, Fiji, Hawaii, Kiribati, Solomon Islands, Tonga, Vanuatu, Dominican Republic, Mexico, Galapagos Islands, Puerto Rico, Bangladesh, New Guinea, India, Thailand, Sri Lanka, Vietnam, Afghanistan, China, Israel, Japan, Republic of Korea.^{[ citation needed ]}

Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a sovereign country comprising the mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania and numerous smaller islands. It is the largest country in Oceania and the world's sixth-largest country by total area. The neighbouring countries are Papua New Guinea, Indonesia and East Timor to the north; the Solomon Islands and Vanuatu to the north-east; and New Zealand to the south-east. The population of 25 million is highly urbanised and heavily concentrated on the eastern seaboard. Australia's capital is Canberra, and its largest city is Sydney. The country's other major metropolitan areas are Melbourne, Brisbane, Perth and Adelaide.

The Cook Islands is a self-governing island country in the South Pacific Ocean in free association with New Zealand. It comprises 15 islands whose total land area is 240 square kilometres (92.7 sq mi). The Cook Islands' Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) covers 1,800,000 square kilometres (690,000 sq mi) of ocean.

Fiji, officially the Republic of Fiji, is an island country in Melanesia, part of Oceania in the South Pacific Ocean about 1,100 nautical miles northeast of New Zealand's North Island. Its closest neighbours are Vanuatu to the west, New Caledonia to the southwest, New Zealand's Kermadec Islands to the southeast, Tonga to the east, the Samoas and France's Wallis and Futuna to the northeast, and Tuvalu to the north. Fiji consists of an archipelago of more than 330 islands—of which 110 are permanently inhabited—and more than 500 islets, amounting to a total land area of about 18,300 square kilometres (7,100 sq mi). The most outlying island is Ono-i-Lau. The two major islands, Viti Levu and Vanua Levu, account for 87% of the total population of 898,760. The capital, Suva, on Viti Levu, serves as the country's principal cruise-ship port. About three-quarters of Fijians live on Viti Levu's coasts, either in Suva or in smaller urban centres such as Nadi—where tourism is the major local industry—or Lautoka, where the sugar-cane industry is paramount. Due to its terrain, the interior of Viti Levu is sparsely inhabited.

Related Research Articles

The Formicinae are a subfamily within the Formicidae containing ants of moderate evolutionary development.

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Dolichoderinae is a subfamily of ants, which includes species such as the Argentine ant, the erratic ant, the odorous house ant, and the cone ant. The subfamily presents a great diversity of species throughout the world, distributed in different biogeographic regions, from the Palearctic, Nearctic, Afrotropical region and Malaysia, to the Middle East, Australian, and Neotropical regions.

Cardiocondyla is an Old World genus of ants in the subfamily Myrmicinae.

Cataglyphis, or desert ants, is a genus of ant in the subfamily Formicinae. Its most famous species is C. bicolor, the Sahara Desert ant, which runs on hot sand to find insects that died of heat exhaustion, and can, like other several other Cataglyphis species, sustain body temperatures of up to 50 °C. Cataglyphis is also the name of an autonomous rover that won the NASA Sample Return Robot Centennial Challenge inspired by the navigation approaches used by desert ants.

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Stereomyrmex is a genus of myrmicine ants. Two of the described species are known from only a single worker, making this one of the rarest groups of ants in the world.

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Cardiocondyla elegans is an ant species in the genus Cardiocondyla found in the Mediterranean region.

Technomyrmex is a genus of ants in the subfamily Dolichoderinae. With 98 species, it is one of the largest and most diverse ant genera in the Dolichoderinae. The genus distributed throughout the tropical and subtropical zones with most species occurring in the Oriental-Malesian and Afrotropical regions. One species, Technomyrmex albipes is a tramp ant now widespread throughout the tropics due to human activities.

Colobostruma is a genus of ants in the subfamily Myrmicinae. All except one species are restricted to Australia. The only non-Australian species, C. foliacea, is found in New Guinea and the Solomon Islands.

Nesomyrmex is a genus of ants in the subfamily Myrmicinae. The genus is distributed in the Neotropical, Afrotropical and Malagasy regions. Most species live in arid climates, but some are known from the rainforest. They nest in soil or in trees. Little is known about their biology.

Carebara is a genus of ants in the subfamily Myrmicinae. It is one of the largest myrmicine genera with more than 174 species distributed worldwide in the tropics and the Afrotropical region. Many of them are very tiny cryptic soil and leaf litter inhabitants. They nest in rotten wood to which the bark is still adherent in the Afrotropical region, or may be lestobiotic nesting near other ant species. Some species are known to exist parasitically within termite nests. Little is known about the biology of the species. However, they are notable for the vast difference in size between queens and workers.

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Cardiocondyla emeryi is a species of ant in the subfamily Myrmicinae. There are two subspecies recognized. The type subspecies is found in numerous countries, through its large introduced range.

Cardiocondyla minutior is a species of ant in the subfamily Myrmicinae. It is a widespread ant species, and not invasive in nature.

References

↑ Bolton, B. (2016). "Cardiocondyla nuda". AntCat. Retrieved 26 April 2016.

External links

Media related to Cardiocondyla nuda at Wikimedia Commons
"Cardiocondyla nuda - Facts". AntWeb. Retrieved 19 January 2014.
"Cardiocondyla nuda". at antwiki.org
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[AntCat-1] Bolton, B. (2016). "Cardiocondyla nuda". AntCat. Retrieved 26 April 2016.