Carmine shiner

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Carmine shiner
Status TNC G5.svg
Secure  (NatureServe) [2]
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Cypriniformes
Family: Cyprinidae
Subfamily: Leuciscinae
Clade: Pogonichthyinae
Genus: Notropis
Species:
N. percobromus
Binomial name
Notropis percobromus
(Cope, 1871)
Synonyms

Alburnellus percobromusCope, 1871

The carmine shiner (Notropis percobromus) is a freshwater fish species. In Manitoba, it was once known as the rosyface shiner ( Notropis rubellus ). Based mostly on zoogeographic data, it is currently classified as a distinct species within the rosyface shiner species complex. The carmine shiner is a member of the Minnow family, Cyprinidae. It has the following characteristics and distinguishing features:

Contents

Distribution

Eastern North America, in the United States it is found throughout the eastern part of the country from North and South Dakota in the west as far south as Arkansas. [3] In Canada, this species has been found only in the Winnipeg River system, including the Whitemouth watershed. It may occur upstream to Lake of the Woods, Ontario. [2] The Manitoba populations are at the northwestern limit of the distribution, separated from the continuous range of the species by 450 km (280 mi).

Habitat and life history

Carmine shiners typically summer at midwater depths of clear, fast flowing streams and small rivers over clean gravel or rubble substrates. They often school in riffles and pools near the confluence with larger streams and rivers. Habitat use during other seasons and by young-of-the-year has not been studied in Manitoba, nor has spawning. However, a ripe and running female was taken in the Pinawa Channel in 19.3 °C (66.7 °F) water. Southern populations typically spawn in riffles in May/June at temperatures of 20 to 28.9 °C (68.0 to 84.0 °F). Adhesive eggs are deposited into depressions in gravel, often in the nests of other minnow species. Eggs hatch within 60 hours at 21 °C (70 °F) and newly hatched larvae work their way vertically into the gravel. These fish are mature at one year and live about three years. Individuals likely move into deeper water to winter.

Conservation status

This species has been identified as Endangered by the Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada (COSEWIC). [4] [2] It is listed under the federal Species at Risk Act (SARA) and was afforded protection under the SARA as of June 2004. Additional protection is afforded through the federal Fisheries Act. Under the SARA, a recovery strategy has been developed for this species. [5]

Diet

This fish eats primarily aquatic insects, some terrestrial insects, fish eggs, algae and diatoms. Prey are located by sight.

Threats

This species may be threatened by activities that alter turbidity, flow and/or substrate such as channelization, impoundment, drainage that increases sediment loading, streambed gravel removal and shoreline development. It has a narrow range of habitat requirements and may respond quickly to changes in habitat and water quality. During the past century, impoundments that have increased turbidity and decreased riffle habitat may have caused a decline in the abundance of this fish in the Winnipeg River system. Species introductions and bait harvesting may also pose a threat.

Similar species

The carmine shiner resembles its close relative the emerald shiner ( Notropis atherinoides ), which has a deeper, more compressed body shape and blunter snout.

Text sources

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References

  1. NatureServe (2015). "Notropis percobromus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2015: e.T202316A76573302. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-1.RLTS.T202316A76573302.en . Retrieved 12 November 2021.
  2. 1 2 3 "Notropis percobromus". NatureServe Explorer. 7.1. The Nature Conservancy . Retrieved 6 August 2018.
  3. "Carmine Shiner (Notropis percobromus)". Fishes of Boneyard Creek. Retrieved 27 November 2017.
  4. "Carmine Shiner (Notropis percobromus)". Department of Fisheries and Oceans. Government of Canada. 12 December 2023.
  5. "Recovery Strategy for the Carmine Shiner (Notropis percobromus) in Canada" (PDF). Department of Fisheries and Oceans. Government of Canada. 23 October 2013.