A lichen is a composite organism that arises from algae or cyanobacteria living among filaments of multiple fungi species in a mutualistic relationship. Lichens are important actors in nutrient cycling and act as producers which many higher trophic feeders feed on, such as reindeer, gastropods, nematodes, mites, and springtails. Lichens have properties different from those of their component organisms. They come in many colors, sizes, and forms and are sometimes plant-like, but are not plants. They may have tiny, leafless branches (fruticose); flat leaf-like structures (foliose); grow crust-like, adhering tightly to a surface (substrate) like a thick coat of paint (crustose); have a powder-like appearance (leprose); or other growth forms.
Nina Sergeevna Golubkova was a Russian lichenologist.
Lecidea laboriosa is a species of lichen that grows inside solid rock (endolithic), with only the small black disc-like fruiting bodies (apothecia) visible above the rock surface. Unlike other members of the genus Lecidea, the apothecia are not lecideine in that they either lack black margins (exciples) or have gray vertically striated margins. It grows all over the world in all climates. It might be the most common endolithic lichen in California.
Stereocaulon paschale is a species of lichen belonging to the family Stereocaulaceae.
Catillaria is a genus of crustose lichens in the family Catillariaceae. The genus was circumscribed by Italian lichenologist Abramo Bartolommeo Massalongo in 1852. It is the type genus of Catillariaceae, which was circumscribed by Austrian lichenologist Josef Hafellner in 1984.
Stereocaulon alpinum is a species of fungus belonging to the family Stereocaulaceae. It is similar to Stereocaulon paschale but differs from it in containing cyanobacteria of the genus Nostoc while S. paschale contains cyanobacteria of the genus Stigonema, which have a darker colour than Nostoc.
Solenopsora is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Catillariaceae. It has 15 species, with a mostly Northern Hemisphere distribution.
Catillaria flexuosa is a species of crustose lichen in the family Catillariaceae. It is found in the south of the Netherlands, where it grows on the bark of roadside ash trees.
Lecanora ussuriensis is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling) lichen in the family Lecanoraceae. It is found in single localities in the Primorsky Krai region of the Russian Far East, as well as in Japan.
Opegrapha verseghyklarae is a little-known species of lichenicolous (lichen-eating) fungus in the family Opegraphaceae. It is found in the Russian Far East, where it grows on the thalli and apothecia of the crustose lichen Ochrolechia pallescens.
Stereocaulon tomentosum is a species of snow lichen belonging to the family Stereocaulaceae.
Stereocaulon saxatile is a species of snow lichen belonging to the family Stereocaulaceae.
Stereocaulon subcoralloides is a species of snow lichen belonging to the family Stereocaulaceae.
Stereocaulon botryosum is a species of snow lichen belonging to the family Stereocaulaceae.
Stereocaulon depressum is a species of snow lichen belonging to the family Stereocaulaceae.
Stereocaulon rivulorum is a species of snow lichen belonging to the family Stereocaulaceae.
Stereocaulon grande is a species of snow lichen belonging to the family Stereocaulaceae.
Stereocaulon groenlandicum is a species of snow lichen belonging to the family Stereocaulaceae.
Catillaria gilbertii is a rare species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Catillariaceae. It is found in the Central Highlands of Scotland.
Caloplaca haematites is a species of lichen belonging to the family Teloschistaceae. It has mainly been reported from Europe but is also found in other parts of the world.
