Chalcorana chalconota

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Chalcorana chalconota
Chalcor chalcon 210727-124642 tdp.jpg
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Amphibia
Order: Anura
Family: Ranidae
Genus: Chalcorana
Species:
C. chalconota
Binomial name
Chalcorana chalconota
(Schlegel, 1837)
Synonyms [2]
  • Hyla chalconotus Schlegel, 1837
  • Polypedates chalconotus (Schlegel, 1837)
  • Rana chalconota (Schlegel, 1837)
  • Hydrophylax chalconotus Schlegel, 1837
  • Hylarana chalconota (Schlegel, 1837)
  • Polypedates junghunii Bleeker, 1856

Chalcorana chalconota is a species of "true frog", family Ranidae. It is endemic to Indonesia and occurs in southern Sumatra, Java, [1] [2] Bali, and a few smaller islands. [1] Populations previously assigned to this species now belong to a number of other Chalcorana species, leading to the current delineation of Chalcorana chalconota with a much narrower range. [1] [2] This species is also known as the Schlegel's frog, brown stream frog, copper-cheeked frog, or, among with many other species, white-lipped frog . [2]

Contents

Description

Chalcorana chalconota are relatively large frogs: adult males measure 34–50 mm (1.3–2.0 in) and females 49–73 mm (1.9–2.9 in) in snout–vent length. The legs are relatively short. The snout is slightly projecting. The tympanum is visible, slightly depressed. The finger tips are much enlarged. Coloration is green; the back may have black spots. Hind limbs may have crossbars. Dorsal skin is granular in females and has many fine spinules in males. Males also have conspicuously protruding humeral glands. [3]

Habitat and conservation

Chalcorana chalconota can be found along small lowland forest streams, but also away from streams in forest and in highland areas at elevations up to 1,571 m (5,154 ft) above sea level. It occurs in both primary and degraded forests, and it can be found in human settlements, plantations, and rubbish-filled ponds. Breeding takes place in a range of aquatic habitats: quiet side pools of forest streams, temporary forest edge ponds, irrigation channels, and ditches in paddy fields. There are no major threats to this common species. It occurs in several protected areas. [1]

Related Research Articles

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<i>Meristogenys jerboa</i> Species of frog

Meristogenys jerboa is a species of frog in the family Ranidae. It is endemic to western Sarawak in Borneo. Common names western torrent frog, Matang torrent frog, and Gunther's Borneo frog have been coined for it. Many cryptic species have been separated from this species. Based on mitochondrial DNA, current "true" Meristogenys jerboa still includes two major lineages. However, because the lineages occur in sympatry and do not differ in morphology, Shimada and colleagues elected to treat them as intraspecific variants.

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Common green frog</span> Species of amphibian

The common green frog is a frog species of in the true frog family Ranidae; some sources still use the old name Rana erythraea. It lives in Southeast Asia and is also known as green paddy frog, red-eared frog or leaf frog. The last name, however, commonly refers to the Neotropical tree frogs which make up the subfamily Phyllomedusinae. These are not closely related to H. erythraea, belonging to family Hylidae instead.

Odorrana supranarina is a species of frog in the family Ranidae. It is endemic to Ryukyu Archipelago, Japan, and is known from the islands of Ishigaki and Iriomote, both in the Yaeyama Group. The specific name supranarina refers to the large size of this species —at the time of the species description, it was the largest member of the so-called Rana narina complex. Common name greater tip-nosed frog has been coined for it.

<i>Odorrana utsunomiyaorum</i> Species of frog

Odorrana utsunomiyaorum is a species of frog in the family Ranidae. It is endemic to Ryukyu Archipelago, Japan, and is known from the islands of Ishigaki and Iriomote, both in the Yaeyama Group. The specific name utsunomiyaorum honours Taeko and Yasuaki Utsunomiya for their contributions to clarifying the amphibian fauna of the Yaeyama Group.

<i>Chalcorana labialis</i> Species of amphibian

Chalcorana labialis, also known as the white-lipped frog, is a species of "true frog" in the family Ranidae. As currently known, it is endemic to Peninsular Malaysia, although it might also occur in Singapore. Molecular data suggest presence of three distinct lineages in the same area, one of which is not closely related to Chalcorana labialis and which could represent an unnamed species.

Papurana arfaki is a species of true frog, family Ranidae. It is widely distributed in New Guinea and also found on the Aru Islands (Indonesia). Common names Arfak Mountains frog and large river-frog have been coined for it. Its type locality is the Arfak Mountains.

Papurana attigua is a species of frog in the family Ranidae, the "true frogs". It is found in central and south Vietnam, eastern Cambodia, and southern Laos. The specific name attigua is derived from Latin attiguus meaning "neighbor". It refers to the similarity of this species to Indosylvirana milleti. The common name similar frog has been coined for this species.

<i>Chalcorana eschatia</i> Species of amphibian

Chalcorana eschatia is a species of "true frog" in the family Ranidae. It is known from southern Thailand, but is likely to be more widespread. It was split off from Chalcorana chalconota by Robert Inger and colleagues in 2009, along with a number of other species in so-called "Rana chalconota group". The specific name eschatia, derived from the Greek word for "outskirt", refers to distribution of this species being at the edge of the geographical range of the group.

<i>Chalcorana macrops</i> Species of amphibian

Chalcorana macrops is a species of "true frog" in the family Ranidae. It is endemic to Sulawesi, Indonesia. Common name Masarang frog has been coined for it. The specific name macrops refers to the large eyes of this frog.

<i>Chalcorana megalonesa</i> Species of amphibian

Chalcorana megalonesa is a species of true frog in the family Ranidae, the "true frogs". It is endemic to Borneo and is known from both Malaysia and Indonesia (Kalimantan). It was split off from Rana chalconota in 2009 by Robert Inger and colleagues, along with a number of other species. Common name large white-lipped frog has been coined for it.

Chalcorana mocquardi is a species of "true frogs" in the family Ranidae. It is endemic to Sulawesi, Indonesia, including some offshore islands. It is probably similar in its ecological requirements to Chalcorana chalconota and is associated with small lowland forest streams. It occurs in both primary and degraded forests, provided that a reasonably closed canopy remains. Adults disperse more widely in the forest, whereas the tadpoles live in side pools and slow-flowing, deeper sections of the streams. No significant threats to this species are known.

Chalcorana parvaccola is a species of "true frog" in the family Ranidae. It is endemic to Sumatra, Indonesia. It was split off from Chalcorana chalconota by Robert Inger and colleagues in 2009, along with a number of other species. The specific name parvaccola is derived from Latin parvus meaning small and accola meaning neighbor, and refers to this species being smaller than its "neighbor", the related Sumatran species Chalcorana rufipes.

<i>Chalcorana raniceps</i> Species of amphibian

Chalcorana raniceps, also known as the copper-cheeked frog, white-lipped frog, or Peters' Malaysian frog, is a species of "true frog" in the family Ranidae. It is endemic to Borneo, including Brunei Darussalam, Kalimantan (Indonesia), and Sarawak (Malaysia), although it is likely to occur more widely. Previously mixed with Chalcorana chalconota and believed to have much wider distribution, its range was delimited to Borneo in the revision of "Rana chalconota" complex by Robert Inger and colleagues in 2009.

Chalcorana rufipes is a species of "true frog" in the family Ranidae. It is endemic to Sumatra, Indonesia. It was split off from Chalcorana chalconota by Robert Inger and colleagues in 2009, along with a number of other species. The specific name rufipes is derived from Latin rufus meaning reddish and pes meaning foot, in reference to the reddish tinge on the underside of the pedal webbing in life.

<i>Glandirana susurra</i> Species of frog

Glandirana susurra is a species of frog in the family Ranidae, the "true frogs". It is endemic to Sado Island, Japan. It is the only endemic amphibian of the island. It is genetically close to the widespread Glandirana rugosa, but it is morphologically distinguishable and postzygotically isolated from the latter species.

<i>Pulchrana mangyanum</i> Species of amphibian

Pulchrana mangyanum is a species of "true frog", family Ranidae. It is endemic to the Philippines and occurs on Mindoro, Sibay, and Semirara islands. Prior to its description in 2002, Pulchrana mangyanum was confused with Pulchrana signata.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 IUCN SSC Amphibian Specialist Group (2018). "Chalcorana chalconota". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2018: e.T78934311A78934546. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T78934311A78934546.en . Retrieved 19 November 2021.
  2. 1 2 3 4 Frost, Darrel R. (2019). "Chalcorana chalconota (Schlegel, 1837)". Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.0. American Museum of Natural History. Retrieved 30 March 2019.
  3. Inger, Robert F.; Stuart, Bryan L. & Iskandar, Djoko T. (January 2009). "Systematics of a widespread Southeast Asian frog, Rana chalconota (Amphibia: Anura: Ranidae)". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 155 (1): 123–147. doi: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2008.00440.x .