![]() Yu Chang, 1929 | |
Class overview | |
---|---|
Name | Chang Feng class |
Builders | Schichau-Werke, Elbing, German Empire |
Operators | |
Preceded by | Hai Lung class |
Succeeded by | Ching Po / Lung Tuan |
Built | 1911–1912 |
In commission | 1912–1947 |
Completed | 3 |
Lost | 2 |
Retired | 1 |
General characteristics | |
Type | Destroyer |
Displacement | 390 long tons (400 t) |
Length | 60.35 m (198 ft 0 in) |
Beam | 6.5 m (21 ft 4 in) |
Draft | 1.8 m (5 ft 11 in) |
Installed power | 6,500 shaft horsepower (4,847 kW) |
Propulsion |
|
Speed | 32 knots (59 km/h; 37 mph) |
Complement | 69 |
Armament |
|
Chang Feng-class destroyer was a class of Chinese destroyer bought from Germany during the naval reconstruction at the end of the Qing dynasty. However, the 1911 Revolution had already broken out before the ships were launched, and they were inherited by the Republic of China when the ships were completed.
The three ships of this class have all experienced the turbulent period of warlord era in the early years of the Republic of China. Among them, the first ship Yu Chang (formerly Chang Feng) was lost after she was wrecked in 1932. At the beginning of the Second Sino-Japanese War in 1937, the remaining two ships, Chien Kang (formerly Fu Po) and Tung An (formerly Fei Hung) were all lost.
They were later repaired by the Japanese and transferred to the puppet Wang Jingwei regime. In 1944, Tung Chun (former Tung An) was abandoned after an uprising by members of Nanjing regime Navy. After the end of the war in 1945, Chien Kang was returned to the Chinese Navy and was retired from the Navy in 1947.
The Qing government intended to rebuild the navy after the First Sino-Japanese War of 1894–1895 and bought warships from Britain, Germany and other countries. However, the rebuilt fleet suffered another severe damage during the Boxer Rebellion of 1900, and only managed to purchased four Hai Lung-class destroyers. The destroyers were all captured by the coalition forces. In 1909, the Qing government sent a delegation led by Zaixun, Prince Rui to visit European countries, and to order a large number of small and medium-sized warships from those countries. During visit to Germany, Zaixun ordered three destroyers from the Schichau shipyard. The first ship was ordered in 1910 at a cost of 57,965 pounds. A year later, two additional ships were ordered for a total of 115,930 pounds. [1]
The ships of this class has a displacement of 390 long tons (400 t), a length of 60.35 m (198 ft 0 in), a beam of 6.5 m (21 ft 4 in), and a draft of 1.8 m (5 ft 11 in). [2] The class were powered by two vertical triple-expansion steam engines with four Schichau water-tube boilers, with power output of 6,500 shaft horsepower (4,847 kW), and the maximum speed is 32 knots (59 km/h; 37 mph). [3] During sea trial, the ship reached 36 knots (67 km/h; 41 mph). [4] The class has a complement of 69 crew. [3]
The class main guns were two 76.2 mm QF 12-pounder 12 cwt naval guns, located on the fore and aft. [4] There are also four 47 mm QF 3-pounder Hotchkiss guns, two of which are installed on the port and starboard sides in front of the conning tower, [2] and the other two are on both sides of the rear command room. [5] The ships also armed with two 18-inch (457 mm) torpedo tubes, which were weaker than the 3-tube configuration of contemporary German destroyers. [1] One was installed between the two funnels and the other was installed behind the aft main gun. [5]
Chang Feng class [6] | |||||||||||
Name | Builder | Launched | Commissioned | Fate | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Yu Chang (豫章) ex-Chang Feng (長風) | Schichau-Werke, Elbing | 23 February 1911 | 7 November 1912 | Wrecked after striking a rock on 21 January 1932 [7] | |||||||
Chien Kang (建康) ex-Fu Po (伏波) | 5 July 1912 | 7 November 1912 | Sunk by Japanese air raid between 25 and 27 September 1937, [8] later refloated and commissioned into IJN as Yamasemi, transferred to ROC-Nanjing Navy as Hai Sui December 1939, returned to ROCN after the war, stricken in July 1947 [9] | ||||||||
Tung An (同安) ex-Fei Yuen (飛雲) / Fei Hung / Yen Yung | 5 July 1912 | 7 November 1912 | Scuttled as blockship on 18 December 1937, [10] later refloated by the Japanese in December 1939 and was given to ROC-Nanjing Navy as Tung Chun. She was abandoned after an uprising by members of ROC-Nanjing Navy in 1944 [11] and her fate is unknown [10] | ||||||||
Ye Ting was a Chinese military officer and figure who played a key role in the Northern Expedition to reunify China after the 1911 Revolution. After serving with the Kuomintang, Ye later joined the Chinese Communist Party (CCP).
Zhang Guohua was a Chinese lieutenant general and a politician, serving during the invasion of Tibet and the Sino-Indian War and later as a Chinese Communist Party Committee Secretary for the Tibet Autonomous Region.
USS Decker (DE-47) was an Evarts-class destroyer escort constructed for the United States Navy during World War II. She was sent off into dangerous North Atlantic Ocean waters to protect convoys and other ships from German submarines and fighter aircraft. She performed escort and antisubmarine operations in battle areas before sailing home victorious at the end of the conflict.
Lanzhou is the lead ship of the Chinese Type 052C destroyers. The ship was laid down in late 2002, launched on 29 April 2003, and commissioned in July 2004. The destroyer is active with the People's Republic of China's South Sea Fleet.
New Xiang, also known as Chang-Yi is the dominant form of Xiang Chinese. It is spoken in northeastern areas of Hunan, China adjacent to areas where Southwestern Mandarin and Gan are spoken. Under their influence, it has lost some of the conservative phonological characteristics that distinguish Old Xiang. While most linguists follow Yuan Jiahua in describing New Xiang as a subgroup of Xiang Chinese, Zhou Zhenhe and You Rujie classify it as Southwestern Mandarin. However, New Xiang is still very difficult for Mandarin speakers to understand, particularly the old style of New Xiang.
Heaven Style painting (天堂式画法) is a new style of Chinese painting created in the 21st century by a Chinese artist named Shaoqiang Chen. According to points of view by artists, art institutes, publications and media, the Heaven Style painting was derived based on painting techniques from the Song dynasty (960–1279) and Yuan dynasty (1271–1368). Also, some techniques of perspective science and contemporary photography were also introduced to search optimal surface of expressing objects in the painting.
The Political Department of the People's Liberation Army Navy is one of the main departments of the People's Liberation Army Navy. Its director is ranked at the deputy military region grade (副大军区级).
The Chief of Staff of the People's Liberation Army Navy is the third highest-ranking officer in the People's Liberation Army Navy (PLAN). The Chief of Staff is the head of the Naval Forces Military Command authorities and responsible to assist the military officer in the navy command.
The Anthem of the Beiyang Fleet is the official anthem of Beiyang Fleet, Qing Dynasty, and was presumed lost after the defeat of the Beiyang Fleet in the First Sino-Japanese war. The piece was re-discovered by Yue Chen in the archives of the Royal Navy in the United Kingdom in 2012. A modern adaptation was arranged by Xue Ye for the People's Liberation Army Navy. The documentary Rise and Fall of Beiyang Fleet presented by CCTV uses this anthem as its theme music.
Chun Ho is an early gunboat of the Qing Dynasty.
HMS Mohawk was a British Vigilant-class gunvessel launched in 1856.
HMS Africa was a Victorian screw sloop launched in 1862 and sold to China later that year.
Kwangtung was a British-made dispatch boat launched in 1863.
HMS Jasper was a British Algerine-class gunboat launched in 1857.
Qiqihar (121) is a Type 052D destroyer of the People's Liberation Army Navy. She was commissioned on 8 August 2020.
Chen Shaokun was a Chinese army officer and politician who served as minister of Metallurgical Industry from 1975 to 1977. Prior to that, he was director of Political Department of Shenyang Military Region between 1969 and 1970 and deputy political commissar of Shenyang Military Region between 1969 and 1975.
Fang Boqian (1854-1894) was a Chinese admiral who served the Qing dynasty under the Imperial Chinese Navy. He was a high-ranking officer of the Beiyang Fleet, he was the captain of the protective cruiser Jiyuan during the First Sino-Japanese War, but was executed after the Battle of the Yalu River for desertion.
Bai Yaoping is a major general (shaojiang) of the People's Liberation Army (PLA), serving as deputy commander of Northern Theater Command Navy since July 2021. He previously served as deputy commander of Eastern Theater Command Navy.
Chen Yuanjing was a scholar of the Yuan dynasty known for writing the Shilin Guangji. Chen Yuanjing was born at the end of the Southern Song dynasty in Chong'an (崇安), Jianzhou. He probably lived from the late 13th century to the mid-14th century.