Chief of Staff of the Army (Spain)

Chief of Staff of the Army
Jefe de Estado Mayor del Ejército de Tierra
Coat of Arms of the Office of the JEME
Flag of the Chief of Staff of the Army
Incumbent General of the Army Amador Fernando Enseñat y Berea since 6 October 2021
Army Staff Ministry of Defence
Style	The Most Excellent
Status	Highest-ranking officer in the Army
Abbreviation	JEME
Member of	Army Staff National Defence Council Council of Chiefs of Staff
Reports to	Minister of Defence
Seat	Buenavista Palace, Army Headquarters, Madrid
Nominator	Defence Minister After being discussed in the Council of Ministers
Appointer	Monarch Countersigned by the Defence Minister
Term length	No fixed term
Constituting instrument	Law of 17 July 1904
Formation	13 December 1904;119 years ago (1904-12-13)
First holder	Camilo García de Polavieja
Deputy	Second Chief of Staff of the Army
Website	(in Spanish) Website of the Spanish Army Staff

The Chief of Staff of the Army (JEME) is a military office held by a four-star general in the Spanish Army. Because of this, the JEME is the principal advisor to the Chief of the Defence Staff (JEMAD) on ground warfare and it is also an advisor to the Minister of Defence, the Secretary of State for Defence (SEDEF) and the Under-Secretary of Defence (SUBDEF).

Under the authority of the defence minister, the Chief of Staff of the Army exercises command over the land branch of the Armed Forces.

The JEME has two main roles: the support role by which advice is provided to the Minister of Defence about land military policy, the JEMAD about how to use the personnel and their operative status, the SEDEF about the economic, armament and infrastructure policies and the Under Secretary about the personnel and teaching policy, and the operative role to prepare the force for combat, instruct military personnel, establishes the organization of its military branch and watches over the welfare of the personnel under his command and evaluates the needs of the Army.

The Chief of the Staff of the Army convenes the meetings and coordinates the efforts of the Army Staff (EME), the main support body to the JEME responsible for providing the necessary elements of judgment to base its decisions, translate these into orders and ensure their fulfillment. The EME has a whole body of military officers at its service, and among the main officers include the Second Chief of Staff of the Army, the General Chief of the Terrestrial Headquarters of High Availability, the Chief of the Land Force and the General Chief of the Command of Personnel of the Army, among others.

The position is currently held by Army General Francisco Javier Varela Salas. ^[1]

History

The creation of an Army Staff (Estado Mayor Central del Ejército) (EMCE) was planned on the Law of 17 July 1904 by which the Ministry of War was authorized to modify its structure. On 13 December 1904, the Minister of War approved a Regulation developing that structure and creating the Army Staff and in front of it a chief of staff. The JEME needed to be a lieutenant general and at the same time was created the office of the Second Chief of Staff of the Army with the rank of divisional general. ^[2] On 30 May 1907, the National Defence Board and the JEME was part of it. ^[3]

The EMCE was suppressed on 29 December 1912 and it was replaced by a section called Section of Army Staff and Campaign and the powers of the JEME were assumed by the Under Secretary of War. ^[4]

The need to recover the Army Staff did not take long to appear and in November 1915 the Council of Ministers approved the draft bill of the Army Staff ^[5] that was approved by the Cortes Generales and on 26 January 1916 the EMCE was re-created with mere technical functions, because it had no executive functions and was only granted such in times of war.

In this new law the position was reserved to captain general or lieutenant general officers and in times of war it was granted to the JEME total command of the Army unless the King put himself in charge of it. The JEME was indistinctly titled Chief of the Army Staff or General Chief of the Army Staff. ^[6]

In 1925, the EMCE was once again suppressed and the functions of the JEME were assumed directly by the Minister of War, and the Directorate-General of Campaign Preparation, which served as the Army Staff, was created. ^[7] It was recovered by the provisional government of the second republic in July 1931. ^[8]

During the Civil War, as with the rest of the military branches, each side created its own General Staff. With the end of the civil war, the Francoist government maintained the structure of the Army Staff that existed previously, and did not change until the arrival of democracy, which changed the name of Chief of the Central Staff of the Army to Chief of Staff of the Army in 1977. ^[9]

List of Chiefs of Staff of the Army

No.	Portrait	Chief of Staff	Took office	Left office	Time in office
1		Lieutenant general Camilo García de Polavieja (1838–1914)	25 December 1904	19 March 1906	1 year, 84 days
2		Lieutenant general Vicente Martitegui  [ es ] (1843–1912)	23 March 1906	8 November 1908	2 years, 230 days
3		Lieutenant general Diego de los Ríos (1850–1911)	8 March 1909	14 January 1910	312 days
4		Lieutenant general Julián González Parrado	14 January 1910	27 December 1912	2 years, 348 days
Office suppressed between 1912 and 1916
5		Captain general of the Army Valeriano Weyler (1838–1930)	14 January 1916	5 January 1922	5 years, 356 days
6		Lieutenant general Luis Aizpuru y Mondéjar  [ es ] (1857–1939)	7 January 1922	27 May 1923	1 year, 140 days
7		Captain general of the Army Valeriano Weyler (1838–1930)	28 July 1923	6 October 1925	2 years, 70 days
Office suppressed between 1925 and 1931
8		Divisional general Manuel Goded Llopis (1882–1936)	31 July 1931	30 June 1932	335 days
9		Divisional general Carlos Masquelet  [ es ] (1871–1948)	17 February 1933	4 April 1935	2 years, 46 days
10		Divisional general Francisco Franco (1892–1975)	19 May 1935	23 February 1936	280 days
11		Divisional general José Sánchez-Ocaña Beltrán  [ es ] (1874–1964)	23 February 1936	19 July 1936	147 days
Civil War
12		Divisional general Toribio Martínez Cabrera (1874–1939) (Disputed)	19 July 1936	20 May 1937	305 days
13		Brigadier Fidel Dávila Arrondo (1878–1962) (Disputed)	2 October 1936	30 September 1939	2 years, 363 days
14		Divisional general Vicente Rojo Lluch (1894–1966) (Disputed)	20 May 1937	9 February 1939	1 year, 265 days
End of the Civil War
15		Artillery Colonel Carlos Martínez de Campos y Serrano  [ es ] (1887–1975)	30 September 1939	12 May 1941	1 year, 224 days
16		Brigadier general Carlos Asensio Cabanillas (1896–1969)	12 May 1941	4 September 1942	1 year, 115 days
17		Divisional general Rafael García Valiño (1898–1972)	4 September 1942	24 March 1950	7 years, 201 days
18		Lieutenant general Fernando Barrón (1892–1952)	24 March 1950	9 November 1952	2 years, 230 days
19		Lieutenant general Emilio Esteban Infantes (1892–1962)	9 November 1952	5 October 1955	2 years, 330 days
20		Lieutenant general Antonio Alcubilla Pérez	5 October 1955	27 April 1959	3 years, 204 days
21		Lieutenant general José Cuesta Monereo (1895–1981)	27 April 1959	30 December 1961	2 years, 247 days
22		Lieutenant general Valero Valderrábanos Samitier	30 December 1961	16 November 1962	321 days
23		Lieutenant general Ramón Gotarredona Prats  [ es ] (1898–1968)	16 November 1962	25 October 1963	343 days
24		Lieutenant general Rafael Cavanillas Prosper  [ es ] (1899–1998)	25 October 1963	13 July 1965	1 year, 261 days
25		Lieutenant general César Mantilla Lautrec	6 August 1965	18 June 1968	2 years, 317 days
26		Lieutenant general Fernando González-Camino y Aguirre	18 June 1968	2 July 1971	3 years, 14 days
27		Lieutenant general Gonzalo Fernández de Córdoba y Ziburu	2 July 1971	12 November 1973	2 years, 133 days
28		Lieutenant general Emilio Villaescusa Quilis  [ es ] (1912–2002)	12 November 1973	1 July 1976	2 years, 232 days
29		Lieutenant general Manuel Gutiérrez Mellado (1912–1995)	1 July 1976	26 October 1976	117 days
30		Lieutenant general Ramón Cuadra Medina	3 November 1976	13 January 1977	71 days
31		Lieutenant general José Vega Rodríguez [lower-alpha 1]	13 January 1977	24 May 1978	1 year, 131 days
32		Lieutenant general Tomás de Liniers y Pidal [lower-alpha 1]	24 May 1978	18 May 1979	359 days
33		Lieutenant general José Gabeiras  [ es ] (1916–2005) [lower-alpha 2]	18 May 1979	15 January 1982	2 years, 242 days
34		Lieutenant general Ramón Ascanio y Togores [lower-alpha 2]	15 January 1982	11 January 1984	1 year, 361 days
35		Lieutenant general José Sáenz de Tejada y Fernández de Bobadilla [lower-alpha 2]	11 January 1984	31 October 1986	2 years, 293 days
36		Lieutenant general Miguel Íñiguez del Moral [lower-alpha 2]	31 October 1986	18 May 1990	3 years, 199 days
37		Lieutenant general Ramón Porgueres Hernández  [ es ] (1928–2018) [lower-alpha 2]	18 May 1990	14 February 1994	3 years, 272 days
38		Lieutenant general José Faura Martín [lower-alpha 2]	14 February 1994	1 October 1998	4 years, 229 days
39		General of the Army Alfonso Pardo de Santayana y Coloma (1936–2015)	1 October 1998	17 January 2003	4 years, 108 days
40		General of the Army Luis Alejandre Sintes	17 January 2003	25 June 2004	1 year, 160 days
41		General of the Army José Antonio García González	25 June 2004	28 April 2006	1 year, 307 days
42		General of the Army Carlos Villar Turrau (born 1945)	28 April 2006	18 July 2008	2 years, 81 days
43		General of the Army Fulgencio Coll Bucher (born 1948)	18 July 2008	27 July 2012	4 years, 9 days
44		General of the Army Jaime Domínguez Buj (born 1952)	27 July 2012	1 April 2017	4 years, 248 days
45		General of the Army Francisco Javier Varela Salas (born 1952)	1 April 2017	6 October 2021	4 years, 188 days
46		General of the Army Amador Fernando Enseñat y Berea (born 1960)	6 October 2021	Incumbent	2 years, 177 days

See also

• Chief of the Defence Staff
• Chief of Staff of the Navy
• Chief of Staff of the Air Force
• Ministers of Defence
• Captain general of the Army
• Spanish Army

Notes

1. Promoted posthumously to General of the Army in 1999.
2. Promoted to General of the Army ad honorem in 1999.

References

1. El Consejo de Ministros aprueba el nombramiento de los nuevos jefes de Estado Mayor de Tierra, Armada y Aire
2. "Real decreto reorganizando el Ministerio de la Guerra y demás dependencias de la Administración central" (PDF). 13 December 1904.
3. "Real decreto disponiendo que el Subsecretario del Ministerio de la Guerra forme parte, en reemplazo del Jefe del Estado Mayor Central del Ejército, de la Junta de Defensa Nacional, creada por el Real decreto de 30 de Mayo de 1907" (PDF).
4. "Royal decree suppressing the Central Staff of the Army and the General Inspectorate of the Establishments of Instruction and Military Industry; organizing a Section that will be called the General Staff and Campaign and reorganizing the distribution of personnel affairs and staff of this Ministry, in accordance with the provisions of the Budget Law for 1913" (PDF). 29 December 1912.
5. "Royal Decree authorizing the Minister of War to present a bill to the Cortes organizing the Army Staff" (PDF). 9 November 1915.
6. "Royal decree that creates the Army Staff" (PDF). 26 January 1916.
7. "Royal decree suppressing the Central Staff of the Army and the Undersecretariat of the Ministry of War, and creating an auxiliary Secretariat and two General Directorates that will be called Instruction and Administration and Campaign Preparation respectively" (PDF). 15 December 1925.
8. "Decree providing that, depending on the Central Staff, there is an organization with the title of "Center for Higher Military Studies", whose essential mission is to prepare and develop the preparation courses of Coroneles for promotion" (PDF). 23 July 1931.
9. "Royal Decree 2723/1977, of November 2, by which the Ministry of Defense is structured organically and functionally". 2 November 1977.