Ministry of Defence (Spain)

Last updated
Ministry of Defence
Ministerio de Defensa
Logotipo del Ministerio de Defensa.svg
Logotype
Ministerio de Defensa de Espana (Madrid) 02.jpg
Main headquarters
Agency overview
FormedNovember 30, 1714;309 years ago (1714-11-30) (as Secretary of the Universal Dispatch of War)
July 4, 1977 (as Ministry of Defence)
Type Ministry
Jurisdiction Government of Spain
Headquarters Paseo de la Castellana, 109
28071 Madrid
40°27′21″N3°41′27″W / 40.45587°N 3.69077°W / 40.45587; -3.69077
Employees153,227 (2021) [note 1] [1]
Annual budget 14.06 billion, 2024 [2]
Minister responsible
Agency executives
Website www.defensa.gob.es

The Ministry of Defence (MINISDEF) is the department of the Government of Spain responsible for planning, developing and carrying out the general guidelines of the Government about the defence policy and the managing of the military administration. It is the administrative and executive body of the Spanish Armed Forces. [3]

Contents

According to the Constitution of 1978, the Monarch is the Commander in Chief of the Spanish military. He can declare war or conclude peace with authorization of the Cortes Generales, provided this act is countersigned by the Prime Minister. [4]

The Ministry of Defense is headed by the Minister of Defence, a Cabinet member who depends directly from the Prime Minister. Beneath the Ministry of Defense are five subordinate principal departments: the Armed Forces headed by the Chief of the Defence Staff (JEMAD) which is divided in three military branches led by the Chief of Staff of the Army (JEME), the Chief of Staff of the Navy (AJEMA) and the Chief of Staff of the Air Force (JEMA); the Secretariat of State for Defence (headed by the Secretary of State, SEDEF); the Undersecretariat of Defence headed by the Ministry's Under-Secretary (SUBDEF) and the General Secretariat for Defence Policy head by the Secretary-General (SEGENPOL). In addition, the National Intelligence Center (CNI) is subordinated to the Ministry of Defence.

The current holder of the Ministry is Margarita Robles.

History

Primitive military administration

Since the first origins of Spain, the monarchy has been the main form of government. That is the main reason why the first government departments appeared in the 18th century because for centuries, the monarch controlled all the power.

At the beginning, the King controlled the military through its Council of State which was divided in different sections dedicated to advise the King in the different areas of government.

Single and double secretariat

On July 11, 1705, King Philip V created a Secretariat for war and treasury matters, called Secretariat of the Dispatch of War and Treasury mainly because of the War of Succession. [5] Once the war was over, in 1714 the Administration was reformed and two secretariats appeared: one dedicated to the Army called Secretariat of the Dispatch of War and another to the Navy called the Secretariat of the Dispatch of the Navy and Indies.

The Secretariat of the Dispatch of the Navy and Indies was suppressed in 1715 and the competences over the Navy were transferred to the Secretariat of War. In 1721 the Secretariat of the Dispatch of the Navy was re-created assuming the competences on the naval forces but on 30 January 1776, the Secretariat of the Dispatch of the Indies was recovered assuming the control of the overseas's naval forces. Since then, the Secretariat of the Navy had competences only on the naval forces of the Peninsular Spain, the Canaries and the Balearics because the Secretariat of the Dispatch of the Indies assumed the responsibilities on the naval forces in the rest of the Empire. It wasn't until 1790 that this Secretariat also assumed the competences on the Overseas Navy when the Indies Secretariat was suppressed. [6] The same did the Secretariat of War with the competencies on the land forces in the Indies.

Ministries

This organization was maintained through decades and at the beginning of the 19th century, the terms Secretariat and Ministry were used as synonymous, until 1851 when the Ministry of War and Ministry of the Navy were officially renamed.

Since the Constitution of 1812, which creates the Secretary of State and of the Dispatch of the Overseas Government, until the creation of the Ministry of Overseas in 1863, there were constant hesitations in the allocation of powers over those domains and which advisory body to go in case of doubt in the resolution of the issues. In 1836 it is the Ministry of the Navy who assumes these functions; A few years later, they move to the Ministry of the Interior. In 1851 an Overseas Council and an Overseas Directorate were created under the Office of the Prime Minister. [7]

Manuel Gutierrez Mellado, first Defence Minister of the democratic period. El vicepresidente 1o y Asuntos de Defensa, Manuel Gutierrez Mellado, recibe la felicitacion del presidente Adolfo Suarez.jpg
Manuel Gutiérrez Mellado, first Defence Minister of the democratic period.

The hesitations continue regarding the advisory body (the Overseas Council alternates with the Royal Council and the Advisory Board) the vacillations also occur in terms of the dependence of the Directorate that passes to the Ministry of State in 1854, it is added to the Development in 1856, to return to State a few months later and depends on the Ministry of War from 1858 until the creation of the Overseas Ministry by Royal Decree of 20 May 1863. It subsists until the loss of those imperial provinces and is definitively suppressed by Royal Decree of 15 April 1899. [7]

First attempt and final unification

At the beginning of the 20th century, the Air Force started to make its firsts steps and at the very start they were just the air branch of the Army and later it was also created a Naval Air Force subordinated to the Navy.

During the Civil War, the armed forces split into two sides: the republican and the nationalist. In the republican side, there were two main ministries: the Ministry of War and the Ministry of the Navy and Aire Force; in the national side, there were only one unified ministry, the Ministry of National Defence that had all the competences over the three branches. After the Civil War, the Francoist regime divided again the former Ministry of National Defence intro three ministries: Ministry of the Army, Ministry of the Navy and the new Ministry of the Air Force (created in 1939).

This three military departments disappeared in 1977 when they merged into the current Ministry of Defence. This new Ministry of Defence established its headquarters in a building belonged to the Ministry of Culture and the three headquarters of the military ministries were destined to hold the main headquarters of each military branch. The position of Under Secretary of Defence was created in 1977. [8] The new military organization was established in 1984 with the JEMAD as the Chief Operative of the Armed Forces and the Prime Minister (through the Defence Minister) as de facto leader of the Armed Forces. The Monarch remained as the symbolic commander-in-chief and the position of Secretary of State for Defence was created too. [9]

In 2018, the National Intelligence Centre returned to the department's structure, [10] and Paz Esteban López was appointed its first female director in 2020. [11] On 2023, the administrative rank of the Center of Systems and Technologies of the Information and Communications was raised to directorate-general and, in September 2024, a new Directorate-General for Strategy and Innovation of the Defense Industry was created from some of the responsibilities of the Directorate-General for Armament and Materiel. [12]

Structure

Margarita Robles, current Minister of Defence (Margarita Robles) Desayuno Nueva Economia Forum (40056259734) 2018 (cropped).jpg
Margarita Robles, current Minister of Defence

The Department is organized as follows: [3]

The Civil Guard depends on the Ministry of Defence in the terms stipulated by laws.

The Ministry of Defence's consultant and advisory bodies are:

Agencies

Chain of Command

King Philip VI is the current Captain General of the Armed Forces. Felipe VI (Cropped).jpg
King Philip VI is the current Captain General of the Armed Forces.

The Chain of Command of the military is regulated in the National Defence Organic Act of 2005. [13]

Like the Constitution, the law recognizes the Monarch as the supreme commander of the Armed Forces. The Government is the body in charge of establishing the defense policy as well as control of the military administration. The Prime Minister is the civilian authority in command of the Armed Forces. The Minister of Defence, under the authority of the Prime Minister, control the Armed Forces and establish the military policy. The Chief of the Defence Staff (JEMAD) is the fourth military authority, in charge over the operative command of the Armed Forces. After the Chief of the Defence Staff are the Chief of Staff of the different branches.

The Parliament is the responsible for authorising the signing of military treaties, approving the defence laws and military budgets and authorize the Sovereign to declare war and to make peace. In particular, the Congress is responsible for authorising the use of the Armed Forces abroad in missions that are not of national interest, if they are of national interest, the Government can use them without authorization but communicating it to the Congress.

  1. The King
  2. The Prime Minister
  3. The Minister of Defence
  4. The Chief of the Defence Staff
  5. The Chief of Staff of the Army, the Chief of Staff of the Navy and the Chief of Staff of the Air Force
  6. Deputy Chief of Staff of the Army, the Deputy Chief of Staff of the Navy and the Deputy Chief of Staff of the Air Force

Headquarters

Buenavista Palace, headquarters of the Ministry of War since 1847 and of the Ministry of Defence from 1977 to 1981. Madrid. Edificio del Ministerio de la Guerra. 1891 (cropped).jpg
Buenavista Palace, headquarters of the Ministry of War since 1847 and of the Ministry of Defence from 1977 to 1981.

The first military departments —War and Navy— were headquartered at the royal residence, first in the Royal Alcázar from 1714 to 1734, briefly in the Royal Palace of Buen Retiro since 1734 and in the Royal Palace when its construction was finished. In 1826, due to the lack of space in the Royal Palace, they relocated to the Palace of Marqués de Grimaldi. However, a fire in 1846 forced all government departments to be relocated and only the Ministry of the Navy stayed in that Palace. The Ministry of War installed in the Buenavista Palace in 1847, a building that previously housed some military facilities.

In 1915, given the poor state of the Grimaldi Palace, a new headquarters for the Ministry of the Navy was built. With the creation of the Ministry of the Air in 1939, the same thing happened and by the 1950s the new Ministry already occupied its own palace in Moncloa Square.

Already during the democratic transition, in 1977 the new Ministry of Defense was created, being headquartered in the Palacio de Buenavista until 1981. That year, all central services were moved out to a large building located at number 109 Paseo de la Castellana (belonging to the Ministry of Culture and that previously had been the headquarters of the Ministry of Information and Tourism) in which it still remains today. As for the other three palaces, they continued to belong to the department but became the general headquarters of the Army branches.

List of ministers of defence of Spain

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Spanish Armed Forces</span> Combined military forces of Spain

The Spanish Armed Forces are in charge of guaranteeing the sovereignty and independence of the Kingdom of Spain, defending its territorial integrity and the constitutional order, according to the functions entrusted to them by the Constitution of 1978. They are composed of: the Army, the Air and Space Force, the Navy, the Royal Guard, and the Military Emergencies Unit, as well as the so-called Common Corps.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ministry of Defense (Peru)</span> Government ministry of Peru

The Ministry of Defence is the government ministry responsible for safeguarding national security on land, sea and air. It exercises command over the Peruvian Armed Forces composed of the Army, the Navy and the Air Force. As of 13 February 2024, the minister of defense is Walter Astudillo.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ministry of Defence (Italy)</span> Italian government agency

The Ministry of Defence is the government body of the Italian Republic responsible for military and civil defence matters and managing the Italian Armed Forces. It is led by the Italian Minister of Defence, a position occupied by Guido Crosetto since October 2022.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ministry of National Defense (Chile)</span> Chilean government ministry responsible for military and national defense affairs

The Ministry of National Defense is the cabinet-level administrative office in charge of "maintaining the independence and sovereignty" of Chile. It is also charged with planning, directing, coordinating, executing, controlling and informing the defense policies formulated by the President of Chile. The minister supervises all the Chilean armed forces. It is Chile's ministry of defence.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ministry of Development (Spain)</span> Government ministry in Spain

The Ministry of Transport and Sustainable Mobility (MITMA), traditionally known as the Ministry of Development (MIFOM), is the department of the Government of Spain responsible for preparing and implementing the government policy on land, air and maritime transport infrastructure and the control, planning and regulation of the transport services on this areas. It is also responsible for guaranteeing access to housing; urban, soil and architecture policies; planning and controlling the postal and telegraph services, directing the services related to astronomy, geodesy, geophysics and mapping, and planning and programing the government investments on infrastructure and services related to this scope. The Ministry's headquarters are in the New Ministries government complex.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Royal Thai Armed Forces Headquarters</span> Joint headquarters of Thai armed forces

The Royal Thai Armed Forces Headquarters or the RTARF HQ, is the "mostly ornamental" joint headquarters of the Royal Thai Armed Forces, which is composed of the Royal Thai Army, the Royal Thai Navy and Royal Thai Marine Corps, and the Royal Thai Air Force. Formerly the Supreme Command Headquarters, the name was changed in February 2008.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ministry of the Interior (Spain)</span> Spanish government ministry

The Ministry of the Interior (MIR) is a department of the Government of Spain responsible for public security, the protection of the constitutional rights, the command of the law enforcement agencies, national security, immigration affairs, prisons, civil defense and road traffic safety. Through the Undersecretariat of the Interior and its superior body, the Directorate-General for Internal Policy, the Ministry is responsible for all actions related to ensuring political pluralism and the proper functioning of electoral processes.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ministry of Justice (Spain)</span> Former Spanish government department

The Ministry of Justice (MJUS) was the department of the Government of Spain responsible for preparing and carrying out the government policy in order to bring the legal system off, specially in criminal, civil, commercial and procedural law affairs, supporting the Administration of Justice and the legal and international cooperation.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Chief of the Defence Staff (Spain)</span> Head of the Spanish Armed Forces

The Chief of the Defence Staff is the highest-ranking military officer in the Spanish Armed Forces and is the principal military advisor to the Prime Minister, the Minister of Defence, the National Defence Council and the National Security Council. It is the fourth military authority of the country after the Monarch, the Prime Minister and the Minister of Defence because the Secretary of State for Defence and the Under-Secretary of Defence do not have military authority.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Chief of Staff of the Army (Spain)</span>

The Chief of Staff of the Army (JEME) is a military office held by a four-star general in the Spanish Army. Because of this, the JEME is the principal advisor to the Chief of the Defence Staff (JEMAD) on ground warfare and it is also an advisor to the Minister of Defence, the Secretary of State for Defence (SEDEF) and the Under-Secretary of Defence (SUBDEF).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Félix Sanz Roldán</span>

Félix Sanz Roldán is a retired Spanish Army general and intelligence officer who served as Director of the National Intelligence Centre (CNI) from July 2009 to July 2019. He served as Chief of the Defence Staff (JEMAD) of the Spanish Armed Forces during the first government of prime minister José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero (2004–2008).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Defence Staff (Spain)</span> Organ of the Ministry of Defence of the Spanish Armed Forces

The Defence Staff, based in Madrid, is an organ of the Ministry of Defence that operates as an auxiliary to the Chief of the Defense Staff (JEMAD) within the organic structure of the Spanish Armed Forces and in a military hierarchical position of dependence on the former.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Secretary of State for Defence (Spain)</span> Second-highest-ranking official in the Ministry of Defence of Spain

The Secretary of State for Defence (SEDEF) is the second-highest-ranking official in the Ministry of Defence of Spain. The SEDEF is a civilian which is appointed by the King with the advice of the Defence Minister. In spite of being the second authority of the Ministry, it is behind the Chief of the Defence Staff as far as military control is concerned.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Office of the Comptroller General of the Defence</span>

The Office of the Comptroller General of the Defence is a department of the Ministry of Defence of Spain that exercises the internal audit of the economic and financial management of the Ministry and of the public agencies dependent on it. Likewise, it is responsible for acting as the military notary in the form and conditions established by the laws and for advising in matters of its competence to the superior and directive departments of the Ministry. The Office is integrated in the Undersecretariat of Defence but it reports to the Comptroller General of the State.

The Chief of the Joint Defence Staff (JEMACON) is a high-ranking military officer. The JEMACON is the closest assistant and advisor to the Chief of the Defence Staff and it is appointed by the Monarch at the request of the Minister of Defence.

The Directorate-General for Civil Protection and Emergencies (DGPCE) is a component of the Spanish Department of the Interior responsible for promoting, planning and coordinating the various actors involved in the field of civil defence, both national and international.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Miguel Ángel Villarroya</span> Spanish Air and Space Force general

Miguel Ángel Villarroya Vilalta is a Spanish Air and Space Force general who served as the 11th Chief of the Defence Staff of Spain from 2020 to 2021. Before this, from 2017 to 2020 he was the Chief of the Technical Cabinet of the Defence Ministers María Dolores de Cospedal (2017–2018) and Margarita Robles (2018–2020).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ministry of National Defense (Uruguay)</span>

The Ministry of National Defense of Uruguay is a ministry of the Government of Uruguay that is responsible for coordinating and executing all civil and military activities aimed at preserving the sovereignty, independence and the peace of the country. It is the administrative and executive body of the Armed Forces of Uruguay.

Ángel Liberal Lucini was a soldier and admiral in the Spanish Military, who became the first Chief of the Defence Staff (JEMAD) upon its creation, serving from January 1984 to October 1986.

Gonzalo Puigcerver Romá was a Spanish Military general of the Airforce who became the Chief of the Defense Staff in October 1986 until 1990. He is the first of air soldier of Spanish armed forces to hold the position and was appointed under the Royal Decree 2299/1986.

References

  1. Office of the Comptroller General of the State (2021). Personnel at the service of the State Public Sector (PDF). pp. 21 and 100.{{cite book}}: Unknown parameter |agency= ignored (help)
  2. "2023 State Budget" (PDF). www.boe.es. 1 January 2023. Retrieved 8 January 2023.
  3. 1 2 "Royal Decree 1399/2018, of November 23, by which the basic organic structure of the Ministry of Defense is developed". boe.es. Retrieved 2019-04-18.
  4. "Royal Decree 415/2016, 3 November, for restructuring the ministerial departments" (PDF). 2016.
  5. "Corporate Body - Secretaría de Estado y del Despacho de Guerra y Hacienda (España)". PARES (in European Spanish). Retrieved 2018-09-22.
  6. "Corporate Body - Secretaría de Estado y del Despacho de Marina (España)". PARES (in European Spanish). Retrieved 2018-09-22.
  7. 1 2 "Corporate Body - Ministerio de Ultramar (España)". PARES. Retrieved 2019-04-18.
  8. "Royal Decree 2723/1977, of November 2, by which the Ministry of Defense is structured organically and functionally". boe.es. Retrieved 2019-04-18.
  9. "Royal Decree 135/1984, of January 25, by which the Ministry of Defense is restructured". boe.es. pp. 2618–2622. Retrieved 2019-04-18.
  10. "Pedro Sánchez vuelve a poner al CNI bajo el control del ministro de Defensa". elDiario.es (in Spanish). 2018-06-01. Retrieved 2024-09-11.
  11. Cué, Carlos E.; González, Miguel (2020-01-31). "El Gobierno confirma a Paz Esteban como la primera mujer directora del CNI". El País (in Spanish). ISSN   1134-6582 . Retrieved 2024-09-11.
  12. InfoDefensa, Revista Defensa. "Defensa crea una nueva dirección general para potenciar la industria y ganar peso en los programas de la UE y la OTAN". Infodefensa - Noticias de defensa, industria, seguridad, armamento, ejércitos y tecnología de la defensa (in Spanish). Retrieved 2024-09-11.
  13. "Organic Law 5/2005, of November 17, of the National Defence". www.boe.es (in Spanish). Retrieved 2018-09-22.

Notes

  1. 13,946 civil employees
    139,281 military officers

See also