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The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) is an international financial institution,established in 1944 and headquartered in Washington,D.C.,United States;it is the lending arm of World Bank Group. The IBRD offers loans to middle-income developing countries. It is the first of five member institutions that compose the World Bank Group. The initial mission of the IBRD in 1944,was to finance the reconstruction of European nations devastated by World War II. The IBRD and its concessional lending arm,the International Development Association (IDA),are collectively known as the World Bank as they share the same leadership and staff.
The International Finance Corporation (IFC) is an international financial institution that offers investment,advisory,and asset-management services to encourage private-sector development in less developed countries. The IFC is a member of the World Bank Group and is headquartered in Washington,D.C. in the United States.
The European Investment Bank (EIB) is the European Union's investment bank and is owned by the 27 member states. It is the largest multilateral financial institution in the world. The EIB finances and invests both through equity and debt solutions companies and projects that achieve the policy aims of the European Union through loans,equity and guarantees.
DBS Bank Limited,often known as DBS,is a Singaporean multinational banking and financial services corporation headquartered at the Marina Bay Financial Centre in the Marina Bay district of Singapore.
Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) or small and medium-sized businesses (SMBs) are businesses whose personnel and revenue numbers fall below certain limits. The abbreviation "SME" is used by international organizations such as the World Bank,the OECD,European Union,the United Nations,and the World Trade Organization (WTO).
Banking regulation and supervision refers to a form of financial regulation which subjects banks to certain requirements,restrictions and guidelines,enforced by a financial regulatory authority generally referred to as banking supervisor,with semantic variations across jurisdictions. By and large,banking regulation and supervision aims at ensuring that banks are safe and sound and at fostering market transparency between banks and the individuals and corporations with whom they conduct business.
The KfW,which together with its subsidiaries DEG,KfW IPEX-Bank and FuB forms the KfW Bankengruppe,is a German state-owned investment and development bank,based in Frankfurt. As of 2014,it is the world's largest national development bank and as of 2018 Germany's third largest bank by balance sheet. Its name originally comes from Kreditanstalt für Wiederaufbau. It was formed in 1948 after World War II as part of the Marshall Plan.
Deposit insurance or deposit protection is a measure implemented in many countries to protect bank depositors,in full or in part,from losses caused by a bank's inability to pay its debts when due. Deposit insurance systems are one component of a financial system safety net that promotes financial stability.
Moody's Ratings,previously known as Moody's Investors Service,often referred to as Moody's,is the bond credit rating business of Moody's Corporation,representing the company's traditional line of business and its historical name. Moody's Ratings provides international financial research on bonds issued by commercial and government entities. Moody's,along with Standard &Poor's and Fitch Group,is considered one of the Big Three credit rating agencies. It is also included in the Fortune 500 list of 2021.
An export credit agency or investment insurance agency is a private or quasi-governmental institution that acts as an intermediary between national governments and exporters to issue export insurance solutions and guarantees for financing. The financing can take the form of credits or credit insurance and guarantees or both,depending on the mandate the ECA has been given by its government. ECAs can also offer credit or cover on their own account. This does not differ from normal banking activities. Some agencies are government-sponsored,others private,and others a combination of the two.
China Banking Corporation,commonly known as China Bank,is a Filipino bank established in 1920. It was the first privately owned local commercial bank in the Philippines initially catering to the banking needs of Chinese Filipino businesspeople. It offers various banking services and products related to deposit,investment,trust,cash management,remittance,and financing products and services. It also offers insurance brokerage and bancassurance services through its subsidiary and affiliates.
Korea Development Bank is a wholly state-owned policy development bank in South Korea. It was founded in 1954 in accordance with The Korea Development Bank Act to finance and manage major industrial projects to expedite industrial development of Korea. As a 61st biggest global bank,KDB Bank has not only fostered the growth of strategic industries but also facilitates the turnaround of troubled companies through restructuring and provides capital for strategic development projects. Since 2000,it has diversified into investment banking services and operates as a CIB. Nevertheless,it is a major restructuring player and has saved a lot of big companies during major financial crisis,especially in 1997 Asian financial crisis and Financial crisis of 2007–2008.
The Financial Supervisory Service (FSS) is South Korea's integrated financial regulator that examines and supervises financial institutions under the broad oversight of the Financial Services Commission (FSC),the government regulatory authority staffed by civil servants.
Moody's,previously known as Moody's Analytics,is a subsidiary of Moody's Corporation established in 2007 to focus on non-rating activities,separate from Moody's Investors Service. It provides economic research regarding risk,performance and financial modeling,as well as consulting,training and software services. Moody's is composed of divisions such as Moody's KMV,Moody's Economy.com,Moody's Wall Street Analytics,the Institute of Risk Standards and Qualifications,and Canadian Securities Institute Global Education Inc.
China Export &Credit Insurance Corporation is a major Chinese state owned enterprise (SOE) under the administration of Ministry of Finance of the People's Republic of China serving as the provider of export credit insurance,in particular coverage for the export of high-value added goods in China.
Mawarid Finance is a private joint stock company in Dubai,United Arab Emirates,providing Shari'a-compliant financial services. It was founded in 2006 with a paid-up capital of AED 1 billion. All of its products are based on Islamic financial principles such as Ijarah,Istisnaa,Murabaha,Mudharaba,Musharaka,Kafalah and Wakala and its practices are governed by a full Sharia board.
British Business Bank plc (BBB) is a state-owned economic development bank established by the UK Government. Its aim is to increase the supply of credit to small and medium enterprises (SMEs) as well as providing business advice services. It is structured as a public limited company and is owned by the Department for Business and Trade. The bank has its headquarters in Sheffield.
Public Sector Undertakings (PSU) or Public Sector Enterprises (PSE) in India are government-owned enterprises in which 51 percent or more share capital is held by the Government of India or state governments or joint ventures between multiple Public Sector Enterprises. Depending on the level of government ownership,they can be broadly categorised as Central PSUs or State PSUs. These entities include government companies,statutory corporations,banking institutions,and departmentally run companies. PSUs are officially classified into three categories,which are Central Public Sector Enterprises (CPSE) and Public Sector Banks (PSB) owned by the central government or other CPSEs/PSBs,and State Level Public Enterprises (SLPE) owned by state governments or other SLPEs. CPSE is further classified into Strategic Sector and Non-Strategic Sector. Depending on their financial performance and progress,CPSEs are granted the status of Maharatna,Navaratna,and Miniratna.
Japan Finance Corporation,is a public corporation that provides financial services in Japan and internationally. Its headquarters are located in Tokyo,Japan.
Shenzhen HTI Group is a state-owned financial services company based in Shenzhen,China. It was set up by the Shenzhen Municipal Government to provide financing to companies.
References
- ↑ "Moody's assigns Baa3 IFS rating to China United SME Guarantee Corporation". Moody's Investors Service. Moody's.
