Chloropentamminecobalt chloride

Last updated
Chloropentaamminecobalt(III) chloride
CoA5Cl3.svg
CoA5ClCl2.jpg
Names
IUPAC name
Pentaamminechlorocobalt(III) chloride
Other names
Pentaamminechlorocobalt(III) chloride
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard 100.034.163 OOjs UI icon edit-ltr-progressive.svg
EC Number
  • 237-594-8
PubChem CID
  • [Cl-].Cl[Co-3]([NH3+])([NH3+])([NH3+])([NH3+])[NH3+].[Cl-]
Properties
[Co(NH3)5Cl]Cl2
Molar mass 250.4 g/mol
Appearancered-violet rhomb-shaped crystal
Density 1.783 g/mL
Boiling point N/A
0.4 g/100 mL
Vapor pressure 5990 mm Hg
Thermochemistry
-1037.6 kJ/mol
−606.48 kJ/mol
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).

Chloropentamminecobalt chloride is the dichloride salt of the coordination complex [Co(NH3)5Cl]2+. It is a red-violet, diamagnetic, water-soluble salt. The compound has been of academic and historical interest.

Contents

Synthesis and reactions

The salt is prepared with a two-step process starting with oxidizing a solution of cobalt chloride and ammonia. [1] [2]

2 CoCl2·6H2O + 10 NH3 + 2 HCl + H2O2 → 2 [Co(NH3)5(OH2)]Cl3 + 12 H2O

This intermediate is then heated to induce coordination of one of the outer sphere chloride ligands:

[Co(NH3)5(OH2)]Cl3 → [Co(NH3)5Cl]Cl2 + H2O

The dication [Co(NH3)5Cl]2+ has idealized C4v symmetry. [3] [4]

In an aqueous solution, chloropentaamminecobalt(III) chloride reforms aquopentammine complex. With concentrated sulfuric acid, chloropentaamminecobalt(III) chloride forms the hydrogen sulfate complex [Co(NH3)5OSO3H]2+.

History

Cobalt complexes have been of long-standing interest in inorganic chemistry because they are numerous, easily prepared, and colorful. It was partly on the basis of his study of cobalt coordination chemistry that Alfred Werner was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry. Prior to Werner, the models of amine complexes postulated chains of pentavalent nitrogen centers. This Jørgensen–Bloomstrand model was overthrown by Werner who introduced the idea that coordination complexes feature metal atoms of octahedral and tetrahedral shapes, with ammonia and other ligands attached individually to the metal. Werner's model accounted for the inner sphere ligands being less reactive. [5] In [Co(NH3)5Cl]Cl2, two chloride ions are outer sphere (counter ions) and one is bound to the Co(III) center: reaction with excess silver nitrate would immediately precipitate the two chloride counter ions, but the bound chloride ion would not be precipitated.

Health

Also known as CPACC the molecule is investigated in relation with limiting the magnesium available for mitochondria and subsequent metabolic health benefits. [6] [7] [8]

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Coordination complex</span> Molecule or ion containing ligands datively bonded to a central metallic atom

A coordination complex is a chemical compound consisting of a central atom or ion, which is usually metallic and is called the coordination centre, and a surrounding array of bound molecules or ions, that are in turn known as ligands or complexing agents. Many metal-containing compounds, especially those that include transition metals, are coordination complexes.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Alfred Werner</span> Swiss chemist (1866–1919)

Alfred Werner was a Swiss chemist who was a student at ETH Zurich and a professor at the University of Zurich. He won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1913 for proposing the octahedral configuration of transition metal complexes. Werner developed the basis for modern coordination chemistry. He was the first inorganic chemist to win the Nobel Prize, and the only one prior to 1973.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cobalt(II) chloride</span> Chemical compound

Cobalt(II) chloride is an inorganic compound of cobalt and chlorine, with the formula CoCl
2
. The compound forms several hydrates CoCl
2
·nH
2
O
, for n = 1, 2, 6, and 9. Claims of the formation of tri- and tetrahydrates have not been confirmed. The anhydrous form is a blue crystalline solid; the dihydrate is purple and the hexahydrate is pink. Commercial samples are usually the hexahydrate, which is one of the most commonly used cobalt compounds in the lab.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Copper(II) chloride</span> Chemical compound

Copper(II) chloride, also known as cupric chloride, is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula CuCl2. The monoclinic yellowish-brown anhydrous form slowly absorbs moisture to form the orthorhombic blue-green dihydrate CuCl2·2H2O, with two water molecules of hydration. It is industrially produced for use as a co-catalyst in the Wacker process.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nickel(II) chloride</span> Chemical compound

Nickel(II) chloride (or just nickel chloride) is the chemical compound NiCl2. The anhydrous salt is yellow, but the more familiar hydrate NiCl2·6H2O is green. Nickel(II) chloride, in various forms, is the most important source of nickel for chemical synthesis. The nickel chlorides are deliquescent, absorbing moisture from the air to form a solution. Nickel salts have been shown to be carcinogenic to the lungs and nasal passages in cases of long-term inhalation exposure.

In chemistry, linkage isomerism or ambidentate isomerism is a form of isomerism in which certain coordination compounds have the same composition but differ in their metal atom's connectivity to a ligand.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Metal ammine complex</span>

In coordination chemistry, metal ammine complexes are metal complexes containing at least one ammonia ligand. "Ammine" is spelled this way due to historical reasons; in contrast, alkyl or aryl bearing ligands are spelt with a single "m". Almost all metal ions bind ammonia as a ligand, but the most prevalent examples of ammine complexes are for Cr(III), Co(III), Ni(II), Cu(II) as well as several platinum group metals.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Gadolinium(III) chloride</span> Chemical compound

Gadolinium(III) chloride, also known as gadolinium trichloride, is GdCl3. It is a colorless, hygroscopic, water-soluble solid. The hexahydrate GdCl3∙6H2O is commonly encountered and is sometimes also called gadolinium trichloride. Gd3+ species are of special interest because the ion has the maximum number of unpaired spins possible, at least for known elements. With seven valence electrons and seven available f-orbitals, all seven electrons are unpaired and symmetrically arranged around the metal. The high magnetism and high symmetry combine to make Gd3+ a useful component in NMR spectroscopy and MRI.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Coordination sphere</span> All ligands directly bound to the central metal atom of a chemical complex

In coordination chemistry, the first coordination sphere refers to the array of molecules and ions directly attached to the central metal atom. The second coordination sphere consists of molecules and ions that attached in various ways to the first coordination sphere.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bridging ligand</span> Ligand which connects two or more (usually metal) atoms in a coordination complex

In coordination chemistry, a bridging ligand is a ligand that connects two or more atoms, usually metal ions. The ligand may be atomic or polyatomic. Virtually all complex organic compounds can serve as bridging ligands, so the term is usually restricted to small ligands such as pseudohalides or to ligands that are specifically designed to link two metals.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hexamminecobalt(III) chloride</span> Chemical compound

Hexaamminecobalt(III) chloride is the chemical compound with the formula [Co(NH3)6]Cl3. It is the chloride salt of the coordination complex [Co(NH3)6]3+, which is considered an archetypal "Werner complex", named after the pioneer of coordination chemistry, Alfred Werner. The cation itself is a metal ammine complex with six ammonia ligands attached to the cobalt(III) ion.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tris(ethylenediamine)cobalt(III) chloride</span> Chemical compound

Tris(ethylenediamine)cobalt(III) chloride is an inorganic compound with the formula [Co(en)3]Cl3 (where "en" is the abbreviation for ethylenediamine). It is the chloride salt of the coordination complex [Co(en)3]3+. This trication was important in the history of coordination chemistry because of its stability and its stereochemistry. Many different salts have been described. The complex was first described by Alfred Werner who isolated this salt as yellow-gold needle-like crystals.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nitropentaamminecobalt(III) chloride</span> Chemical compound

Nitropentaamminecobalt(III) chloride is an inorganic compound with the molecular formula [Co(NH3)5(NO2)]Cl2. It is an orange solid that is soluble in water. Although it has no applications, the compound has been of academic interest as a source of the transition metal nitrite complex [Co(NH3)5(NO2)]2+.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bromopentaamminecobalt(III) bromide</span> Chemical compound

Bromopentaamminecobalt(III) bromide is the dibromide salt of the cobalt coordination compound with the formula [Co(NH3)5Br]2+. It is a purple, water-soluble solid. The analogous chloropentaamminecobalt(III) chloride is also well known.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pentaamminechlororhodium dichloride</span> Chemical compound

Pentamminechlororhodium dichloride is the dichloride salt of the coordination complex [RhCl(NH3)5]2+. It is a yellow, water-soluble solid. The salt is an intermediate in the purification of rhodium from its ores.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tetrachloronickelate</span> Class of chemical compounds

Tetrachloronickelate is the metal complex with the formula [NiCl4]2−. Salts of the complex are available with a variety of cations, but a common one is tetraethylammonium.

Cobalt(III) chloride or cobaltic chloride is an unstable and elusive compound of cobalt and chlorine with formula CoCl
3
. In this compound, the cobalt atoms have a formal charge of +3.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Transition metal pyridine complexes</span>

Transition metal pyridine complexes encompass many coordination complexes that contain pyridine as a ligand. Most examples are mixed-ligand complexes. Many variants of pyridine are also known to coordinate to metal ions, such as the methylpyridines, quinolines, and more complex rings.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Transition metal chloride complex</span> Coordination complex

In chemistry, a transition metal chloride complex is a coordination complex that consists of a transition metal coordinated to one or more chloride ligand. The class of complexes is extensive.

Cobalt compounds are chemical compounds formed by cobalt with other elements. In the compound, the most stable oxidation state of cobalt is the +2 oxidation state, and in the presence of specific ligands, there are also stable compounds with +3 valence. In addition, there are cobalt compounds in high oxidation states +4, +5 and low oxidation states -1, 0, +1.

References

  1. Gert G. Schlessinger (1967). "Chloropentaamminecobalt(III) Chloride". Inorganic Syntheses. Inorganic Syntheses. Vol. 9. p. 160. doi:10.1002/9780470132401.ch43. ISBN   9780470132401.
  2. Williams, Gregory M; Olmsted, John, III; Preksa, Andrew P., III (1989). "Coordination complexes of cobalt: inorganic synthesis in the general chemistry laboratory". Journal of Chemical Education . 66 (12): 1043–5. Bibcode:1989JChEd..66.1043W. doi:10.1021/ed066p1043.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  3. G. G. Messmer; E. L. Amma (1968). "Redetermination of the crystal structure of chloropentaamminecobalt(III) dichloride". Acta Crystallogr. B. 24 (3): 417–422. doi:10.1107/S0567740868002475.
  4. Hambley, Trevor W.; Lay, Peter A. (1986). "Comparisons of π-bonding and hydrogen bonding in isomorphous compounds: [M(NH3)5Cl]Cl2 (M = Cr, Co, Rh, Ir, Ru, Os)". Inorganic Chemistry. 25 (25): 4553–8. doi:10.1021/ic00245a020.
  5. Schwab, E. (8 September 2003). "Cobalt". Chemical & Engineering News. 81 (36): 80. doi:10.1021/cen-v081n036.p080.
  6. Antonio, University of Texas Health Science Center at San (2023-04-09). "Magnesium Magic: New Drug Delivers Weight Loss Even on Sugary, Fatty Diet". SciTechDaily. Retrieved 2023-04-10.
  7. Madaris, Travis R.; Venkatesan, Manigandan; Maity, Soumya; Stein, Miriam C.; Vishnu, Neelanjan; Venkateswaran, Mridula K.; Davis, James G.; Ramachandran, Karthik; Uthayabalan, Sukanthathulse; Allen, Cristel; Osidele, Ayodeji; Stanley, Kristen; Bigham, Nicholas P.; Bakewell, Terry M.; Narkunan, Melanie (2023-03-28). "Limiting Mrs2-dependent mitochondrial Mg2+ uptake induces metabolic programming in prolonged dietary stress". Cell Reports. 42 (3): 112155. doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112155. ISSN   2211-1247. PMC   10134742 . PMID   36857182.
  8. Sansom, Will (2023-03-21). "Novel drug makes mice slim even on sugary, fatty diet". UT Health San Antonio. Retrieved 2023-04-10.