Chrysina limbata

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Chrysina limbata
Adult scarab beetle - Chrysina limbata.jpg
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Coleoptera
Family: Scarabaeidae
Subfamily: Rutelinae
Tribe: Rutelini
Genus: Chrysina
Species:
C. limbata
Binomial name
Chrysina limbata
(Rothschild & Jordan, 1894)
Synonyms [1]
  • Plusiotis limbata Rothschild & Jordan, 1894

Chrysina limbata is a species of scarab beetle found only in mid-altitude forests in Costa Rica and western Panama. [2] [3] It is in the genus Chrysina , in the subfamily Rutelinae (shining leaf chafers). [4] It is notable for its metallic reflective silver color. [2]

Contents

Taxonomy

Chrysina limbata was described in 1894 by zoologists Walter Rothschild and Karl Jordan, initially as Plusiotis limbata - Plusiotis being a synonym of Chrysina. [5] C. limbata is in the superfamily Scarabaeoidea, family Scarabaeidae, subfamily Rutelinae and tribe Rutelini. [6] [7] [8] [9]

Description

Adult C. limbata measure between 24 and 29 mm (0.94–1.14 in) in length. [2] They have a reflective silver metallic appearance which is achieved through thin film interference within layers of chitin. These layers of the chitin coating are chirped (in layers of differing thicknesses), forming a complex multilayer as each layer decreases in depth; as the thickness changes, so too does the optical path-length. Each chirped layer is tuned to a different wavelength of light. The multilayer found on C. limbata reflects close to 97% of light across the visible wavelength range. [10] [11]

Physicist William E. Vargas believes that the metallic appearance may act like water, appearing only as a bright spot to predators. The rain forest of Costa Rica where C. limbata lives has water suspended from leaves at ground level. Light is refracted in different directions, and it allows metallic beetles to fool predators. [12]

Life history

Only the adult beetle stage of Chrysina limbata is known; its immature stages are entirely unknown. [2] Like all beetles, scarabs go through a metamorphosis. The life cycle begins when the female lays an egg, which becomes a larva, then a c-shaped pupa, which becomes an adult. The scarab beetles lay their eggs in the ground or in decomposing materials. Larvae feed on plant roots or rotting matter. [13]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Scarabaeidae</span> Family of beetles

The family Scarabaeidae, as currently defined, consists of over 35,000 species of beetles worldwide; they are often called scarabs or scarab beetles. The classification of this family has undergone significant change. Several groups formerly treated as subfamilies have been elevated to family rank, and some reduced to lower ranks. The subfamilies listed in this article are in accordance with those in Catalog of Life (2023).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Chirped mirror</span> Dielectric mirror

A chirped mirror is a dielectric mirror with chirped spaces—spaces of varying depth designed to reflect varying wavelengths of lights—between the dielectric layers (stack).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Jewel scarab</span> Genus of beetles

Chrysina, or jewel scarabs, is a genus of brightly colored, often metallic iridescent species of ruteline beetles. They range from the southwestern edge of the United States, through Mexico and Central America, and as far south as Colombia and Ecuador. Chrysina contains more than 120 species, includes all those formerly in the genus Plusiotis. The genus name is from Greek χρύσινος (chrysinos), "gold-coloured".

<i>Chrysina gloriosa</i> Species of beetle

Chrysina gloriosa is a species of scarab whose common names are glorious beetle and glorious scarab. It is found only in southern United States and northern Mexico. The adult beetles, which are active both day and night and primarily seen from June to August, eat juniper leaves and the larvae feed on decaying wood from Arizona sycamore. A synonym formerly used for the species is Plusiotis gloriosa.

<i>Chrysina resplendens</i> Species of beetle

Chrysina resplendens is a scarab beetle found in mid-elevation forests in Costa Rica and western Panama. This beetle is typically shiny golden and has a length of 25–29 mm (0.98–1.14 in).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Rutelinae</span> Subfamily of beetles

Rutelinae or shining leaf chafers is a subfamily of the scarab beetles. It is a very diverse group; distributed over most of the world, it contains some 200 genera with over 4,000 described species in 7 tribes. Several taxa have yet to be described. A few recent classifications include the tribe Hopliini, but this is not generally accepted.

<i>Cyclocephala</i> Genus of beetles

Cyclocephala is a genus of scarab beetles from the subfamily Dynastinae. Beetles of this genus occur from southeastern Canada to Argentina, India and the West Indies.

<i>Hoplia</i> Genus of beetles

Hoplia is a genus of monkey beetles in the family Scarabaeidae. There are at least 300 described species in Hoplia. These species are found in Asia, Europe, South Africa, Madagascar, and the Americas.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Rutelini</span> Tribe of beetles

Rutelini is a tribe of shining leaf chafers in the family Scarabaeidae. There are about 14 genera and at least 40 described species in Rutelini.

Rutela formosa, the handsome flower scarab, is a species of shining leaf chafer in the family of beetles known as Scarabaeidae.

<i>Pseudocotalpa sonorica</i> Species of beetle

Pseudocotalpa sonorica is a species of shining leaf chafer in the family of beetles known as Scarabaeidae. It is endemic to the Algodones Dunes in North America.

<i>Chrysina lecontei</i> Species of beetle

Chrysina lecontei, or Leconte's chrysina, is a species of shining leaf chafer in the family of beetles known as Scarabaeidae. It is found in southern United States and northern Mexico.

Pseudocotalpa andrewsi, known generally as the Andrews dune scarab beetle or Andrews dune beetle, is a species of shining leaf chafer in the family Scarabaeidae. It is endemic to the Algodones Dunes in California.

Pelidnota lugubris is a species of shining leaf chafer in the family of beetles known as Scarabaeidae.

<i>Chrysina beyeri</i> Species of beetle

Chrysina beyeri, or Beyer's scarab, is a species of shining leaf chafer in the family of beetles known as Scarabaeidae. This bright green beetle is native to Chihuahua in Mexico and southeastern Arizona in the United States. It resembles C. woodi in both size and general appearance, but that species has green legs and blue tarsi.

Parastasia brevipes is a species of shining leaf chafer in the family of beetles known as Scarabaeidae.

<i>Cotalpa conclamara</i> Species of beetle

Cotalpa conclamara, the Texas goldsmith beetle, is a species of shining leaf chafer in the family Scarabaeidae.

<i>Paracotalpa ursina</i> Species of beetle

Paracotalpa ursina, also known as the little-bear scarab beetle or simply little bear, is a species of shining leaf chafer in the family of beetles known as Scarabaeidae. It is found in the western United States and Mexico.

<i>Chrysina woodi</i> Species of beetle

Chrysina woodi, or Wood's jewel scarab, is a species of shining leaf chafer in the family of beetles known as Scarabaeidae. This bright green beetle is native to Chihuahua in Mexico, and New Mexico and Texas in the United States. This beetle is 25–35 mm (1.0–1.4 in) long and it resembles C. beyeri, but that species has all blue-purple legs and tarsi.

<i>Callistethus</i> Genus of beetles

Callistethus is a genus of shining leaf chafers in the beetle family Scarabaeidae. There are at least 130 described species in Callistethus.

References

  1. ↑ "Chrysina limbata". Global Biodiversity Information Facility . Retrieved 18 July 2022.
  2. 1 2 3 4 Barria, M.D. (2023). A Monographic Revision of The Jewel Scarabs Genus Chrysina from Panama, Colombia, and Ecuador (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae: Rutelini). Zea Books, University of Nebraska-Lincoln Libraries. pp. 49–51, 76. doi:10.32873/unl.dc.zea.1345. ISBN   978-1-60962-286-2.{{cite book}}: |journal= ignored (help)
  3. ↑ "Chrysina limbata (Rothschild & Jordan)". Generic Guide to New World Scarab Beetles. University of Nebraska-Lincoln State Museum - Division of Entomology. Retrieved 17 July 2023.
  4. ↑ "Shining leaf chafer". Encyclopedia Britannica. Archived from the original on 9 July 2015. Retrieved 23 June 2012.
  5. ↑ Rothschild, Walter; Jordan, Karl (January 1894). "Novitates zoologicae : a journal of zoology in connection with the Tring Museum". Novitates Zoologicae. 1 (1): 505. Archived from the original on 30 July 2021. Retrieved 24 June 2022.
  6. ↑ Thomas, Donald B.; Hawks, Dave; Robacker, Dave (18 May 2006). "Chrysina limbata (Rothschild & Jordan)". University of Nebraska-Lincoln State Museum – Division of Entomology. Archived from the original on 7 July 2020. Retrieved 24 June 2022.
  7. ↑ Thomas, Michael C. (2017). American Beetles, Volume II: Polyphaga: Scarabaeoidea through Curculionoidea (1st ed.). CRC Press. p. 63. ISBN   978-1138423701 . Retrieved 24 June 2022.
  8. ↑ "Genus Chrysina". Bug Guide. Iowas State University Department of Entomology. Archived from the original on 10 February 2022. Retrieved 24 June 2022.
  9. ↑ Schmitt, Michael; Rönn, Thomas (21 December 2011). "Types of geographical distribution of leaf beetles (Chrysomelidae) in Central Europe". ZooKeys (157): 131–158. doi: 10.3897/zookeys.157.1798 . PMC   3253646 . PMID   22303107 . Retrieved 24 June 2022.
  10. ↑ Greanya, Viktoria (2015). Bioinspired Photonics : Optical Structures and Systems Inspired by Nature. Boca Raton: CRC Press. pp. 46–49. ISBN   978-1466504028. Archived from the original on 25 June 2022. Retrieved 24 June 2022.
  11. ↑ Campos-Fernández, Cristian; Azofeifa, Daniel E.; Hernández-Jiménez, Marcela; Ruiz-Ruiz, Adams; Vargas, William E. (1 May 2011). "Visible light reflection spectra from cuticle layered materials". Optical Materials Express. 1 (1): 85. Bibcode:2011OMExp...1...85C. doi:10.1364/OME.1.000085 . Retrieved 24 June 2022.
  12. ↑ "Beetle bling: Researchers discover optical secrets of 'metallic' beetles". Science Daily. Optical Society of America. 25 April 2011. Archived from the original on 24 June 2022. Retrieved 24 June 2022.
  13. ↑ Hadley, Debbie. "Discover Scarab Beetles and Family Scarabaeidae". ThoughtCo. Archived from the original on 27 October 2021. Retrieved 24 June 2022.
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