Cirsium douglasii

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Cirsium douglasii
Cirsium douglasii (4695009378).jpg
Scientific classification Red Pencil Icon.png
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Asterales
Family: Asteraceae
Genus: Cirsium
Species:C. douglasii
Binomial name
Cirsium douglasii
DC.
Synonyms [1]

Cirsium douglasii is a species of thistle known by the common names Douglas' thistle and California swamp thistle. [2] [3]

<i>Cirsium</i> genus of plants

Cirsium is a genus of perennial and biennial flowering plants in the Asteraceae, one of several genera known commonly as thistles. They are more precisely known as plume thistles. These differ from other thistle genera in having feathered hairs to their achenes. The other genera have a pappus of simple unbranched hairs.

Contents

It is native to the central coast and northern California ranges, foothills, and plateaus, and adjacent parts of southern Oregon and northwest Nevada. [4] It grows in wet places in a number of types of habitat. [5]

California State of the United States of America

California is a state in the Pacific Region of the United States. With 39.6 million residents, California is the most populous U.S. state and the third-largest by area. The state capital is Sacramento. The Greater Los Angeles Area and the San Francisco Bay Area are the nation's second and fifth most populous urban regions, with 18.7 million and 9.7 million residents respectively. Los Angeles is California's most populous city, and the country's second most populous, after New York City. California also has the nation's most populous county, Los Angeles County, and its largest county by area, San Bernardino County. The City and County of San Francisco is both the country's second-most densely populated major city after New York City and the fifth-most densely populated county, behind only four of the five New York City boroughs.

Oregon State of the United States of America

Oregon is a state in the Pacific Northwest region on the West Coast of the United States. The Columbia River delineates much of Oregon's northern boundary with Washington, while the Snake River delineates much of its eastern boundary with Idaho. The parallel 42° north delineates the southern boundary with California and Nevada. Oregon is one of only three states of the contiguous United States to have a coastline on the Pacific Ocean.

Nevada State of the United States of America

Nevada is a state in the Western United States. It is bordered by Oregon to the northwest, Idaho to the northeast, California to the west, Arizona to the southeast and Utah to the east. Nevada is the 7th most extensive, the 32nd most populous, but the 9th least densely populated of the U.S. states. Nearly three-quarters of Nevada's people live in Clark County, which contains the Las Vegas–Paradise metropolitan area where three of the state's four largest incorporated cities are located. Nevada's capital, however, is Carson City.

Description

This native thistle, Cirsium douglasii, is a biennial or short-lived perennial herb growing up to 2.5 metres (8.2 ft) tall, with a branching woolly stem. The longest gray-tomentose leaves, located about the base of the plant, are up to 1 metre (3.3 ft) long. They are sometimes lobed or toothed and are borne on a spiny petiole. [6]

Biennial plant Flowering plant that takes two years to complete its biological lifecycle.

A biennial plant is a flowering plant that takes two years to complete its biological lifecycle. In the first year, the plant grows leaves, stems, and roots, then it enters a period of dormancy over the colder months. Usually the stem remains very short and the leaves are low to the ground, forming a rosette. Many biennials require a cold treatment, or vernalization, before they will flower. During the next spring or summer, the stem of the biennial plant elongates greatly, or "bolts". The plant then flowers, producing fruits and seeds before it finally dies. There are far fewer biennials than either perennial plants or annual plants.

Perennial plant Plant that lives for more than two years

A perennial plant or simply perennial is a plant that lives more than two years. Some sources cite perennial plants being plants that live more than three years. The term is often used to differentiate a plant from shorter-lived annuals and biennials. The term is also widely used to distinguish plants with little or no woody growth from trees and shrubs, which are also technically perennials.

Petiole (botany)

In botany, the petiole is the stalk that attaches the leaf blade to the stem. Outgrowths appearing on each side of the petiole in some species are called stipules. Leaves lacking a petiole are called sessile or epetiolate.

The inflorescence is a cluster of several flower heads surrounded by small leaves. Each flower head is up to 3 centimetres (1.2 in) long and lined with purple-tipped spiny phyllaries. The head contains purple or white flowers. The fruit is a dark-colored achene 2–4.5 millimetres (0.079–0.177 in) long/diameter with a pappus which may reach 2 centimetres (0.79 in) in length. [6]

Inflorescence term used in botany

An inflorescence is a group or cluster of flowers arranged on a stem that is composed of a main branch or a complicated arrangement of branches. Morphologically, it is the modified part of the shoot of seed plants where flowers are formed. The modifications can involve the length and the nature of the internodes and the phyllotaxis, as well as variations in the proportions, compressions, swellings, adnations, connations and reduction of main and secondary axes. Inflorescence can also be defined as the reproductive portion of a plant that bears a cluster of flowers in a specific pattern.

Bract

In botany, a bract is a modified or specialized leaf, especially one associated with a reproductive structure such as a flower, inflorescence axis or cone scale. Bracts are often different from foliage leaves. They may be smaller, larger, or of a different color, shape, or texture. Typically, they also look different from the parts of the flower, such as the petals or sepals. The state of having bracts is referred to as bracteate or bracteolate, and conversely the state of lacking them is referred to as ebracteate and ebracteolate, without bracts.

Achene class of simple non-opening dry fruits

An achene is a type of simple dry fruit produced by many species of flowering plants. Achenes are monocarpellate and indehiscent. Achenes contain a single seed that nearly fills the pericarp, but does not adhere to it. In many species, what is called the "seed" is an achene, a fruit containing the seed. The seed-like appearance is owed to the hardening of the fruit wall (pericarp), which encloses the solitary seed so closely as to seem like a seed coat.

Varieties [1]

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<i>Cirsium arizonicum</i> species of plant

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<i>Cirsium neomexicanum</i> species of plant

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<i>Cirsium occidentale</i> species of plant

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<i>Astragalus kentrophyta</i> species of plant

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<i>Chaenactis douglasii</i> species of plant

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<i>Cirsium andrewsii</i> species of plant

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<i>Cirsium cymosum</i> species of plant

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<i>Cirsium hydrophilum</i> species of plant

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<i>Cirsium mohavense</i> species of plant

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<i>Cirsium scariosum</i> species of plant

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<i>Cirsium undulatum</i> species of plant

Cirsium undulatum is a species of thistle known by the common names wavyleaf thistle and gray thistle. It is native to much of central and western North America from British Columbia east to Manitoba and south as far as the State of Durango in Mexico. It has also been found outside of its native range as an introduced species.

<i>Silene douglasii</i> species of plant

Silene douglasii is a species of flowering plant in the pink family known by the common name Douglas's catchfly.

<i>Cirsium eatonii</i> species of plant

Cirsium eatonii, commonly known as Eaton's thistle or mountaintop thistle, is a North American species of flowering plants in the aster family.

References

  1. 1 2 The Plant List, Cirsium douglasii DC.
  2. ↑ "Cirsium douglasii_EOL".
  3. ↑ "Calflora_genus: Cirsium".
  4. ↑ Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution map
  5. ↑ Calflora taxon report, University of California, Cirsium douglasii DC., Douglas' thistle, swamp thistle
  6. 1 2 Flora of North America: Cirsium douglasii


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