Clanculus euchelioides

Clanculus euchelioides
	Original drawing showing two views of a shell of Clanculus euchelioides
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Mollusca
Class:	Gastropoda
Clade:	Vetigastropoda
Order:	Trochida
Superfamily:	Trochoidea
Family:	Trochidae
Genus:	Clanculus
Species:	C. euchelioides
Binomial name
	Clanculus euchelioides; Tate, 1893
Synonyms
	Clanculus gatliffiTomlin, 1924; Microclanculus euchelioidesCotton B.C., 1959; Microclanculus gatliffiCotton B.C., 1945;

Last updated November 01, 2019

Clanculus euchelioides, common name the small top shell, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Trochidae, the top snails.^[1]

In biology, a species is the basic unit of classification and a taxonomic rank of an organism, as well as a unit of biodiversity. A species is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate sexes or mating types can produce fertile offspring, typically by sexual reproduction. Other ways of defining species include their karyotype, DNA sequence, morphology, behaviour or ecological niche. In addition, paleontologists use the concept of the chronospecies since fossil reproduction cannot be examined.

Sea snail is a common name for slow moving marine gastropod molluscs usually with visible external shells, such as whelk or abalone. They share the taxonomic class Gastropoda with slugs, which are distinguished from snails primarily by the absence of a visible shell.

Family is one of the eight major hierarchical taxonomic ranks in Linnaean taxonomy; it is classified between order and genus. A family may be divided into subfamilies, which are intermediate ranks between the ranks of family and genus. The official family names are Latin in origin; however, popular names are often used: for example, walnut trees and hickory trees belong to the family Juglandaceae, but that family is commonly referred to as being the "walnut family".

Description

(Original description by R. Tate) The size of the shell varies between 6 mm and 9 mm. The somewhat solid shell has a turbinately conchoid shape. It is opaque, concolorous (reddish). It contains about six whorls. The ordinary spire whorls are separated by a canaliculate suture and are flattened posteriorly. The body whorl is convex in the anterior-third. The base of the shell is flatly convex and falsely umbilicated. The columella enters the umbilical depression, which is shallow and moderately narrow. The aperture is oblique and rhomboidoval. The outer lip is slightly depressed at the suture. The outer and basal margins are thin, lirate, and iridescent within (the lirae not extending to the margin). The oblique columella is straight, rib-like, with an attenuated keel elevated into a tooth-like prominence at the base, and separated from the basal margin of the aperture by a deep gemmulated ribs of about equal magnitude. At the suture there is a double smaller rib, and there is a finer one posterior to the periphery. The transverse riblets of the penultimate whorl show increasing revolution of the whorls and become more slender and closer together. And thus the fenestrated ornament is somewhat obscured on the front part of the body whorl. Below the periphery there are about five revolving equal-sized ribs, more or less gemmulated at the intersections of transverse sigmoidal threads, the one margining the umbilicus most conspicuously so. The umbilical wall has about five flat threads crossed by lamella-like striae.

A whorl is a single, complete 360° revolution or turn in the spiral growth of a mollusc shell. A spiral configuration of the shell is found in of numerous gastropods, but it is also found in shelled cephalopods including Nautilus, Spirula and the large extinct subclass of cephalopods known as the ammonites.

A spire is a part of the coiled shell of molluscs. The spire consists of all of the whorls except for the body whorl. Each spire whorl represents a rotation of 360°. A spire is part of the shell of a snail, a gastropod mollusc, a gastropod shell, and also the whorls of the shell in ammonites, which are fossil shelled cephalopods.

In anatomy, a suture is a fairly rigid joint between two or more hard elements of an organism, with or without significant overlap of the elements.

The conspicuous oblique ribbing and very wide umbilicus are characters which separate this species from the majority of its congeners.^[2]

Distribution

This marine species is endemic to Australia and occurs off Queensland, South Australia and Western Australia.

Queensland is the second-largest and third-most populous state in the Commonwealth of Australia. Situated in the north-east of the country, it is bordered by the Northern Territory, South Australia and New South Wales to the west, south-west and south respectively. To the east, Queensland is bordered by the Coral Sea and Pacific Ocean. To its north is the Torres Strait, with Papua New Guinea located less than 200 km across it from the mainland. The state is the world's sixth-largest sub-national entity, with an area of 1,852,642 square kilometres (715,309 sq mi).

South Australia is a state in the southern central part of Australia. It covers some of the most arid parts of the country. With a total land area of 983,482 square kilometres (379,725 sq mi), it is the fourth-largest of Australia's states and territories by area, and fifth largest by population. It has a total of 1.7 million people, and its population is the second most highly centralised in Australia, after Western Australia, with more than 77 percent of South Australians living in the capital, Adelaide, or its environs. Other population centres in the state are relatively small; Mount Gambier, the second largest centre, has a population of 28,684.

Western Australia is a state occupying the entire western third of Australia. It is bounded by the Indian Ocean to the north and west, and the Southern Ocean to the south, the Northern Territory to the north-east, and South Australia to the south-east. Western Australia is Australia's largest state, with a total land area of 2,529,875 square kilometres, and the second-largest country subdivision in the world, surpassed only by Russia's Sakha Republic. The state has about 2.6 million inhabitants – around 11 percent of the national total – of whom the vast majority live in the south-west corner, 79 per cent of the population living in the Perth area, leaving the remainder of the state sparsely populated.

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References

↑ Rosenberg, G. (2012). Clanculus euchelioides Tate, 1893. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=594194 on 2012-11-23
↑ Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia v.17 (1892-1893)

Tate, R. 1893. Some additions to the list of the Marine Gastropoda of South Australia. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia 17(1): 189-202
Tomlin, J.R. le B. 1924. Description of a new species of Clanculus (Clanculus gatliffi). Proceedings of the Malacological Society of London 16(1): 24
Iredale, T. 1929. Queensland molluscan notes, No. 1. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 9(3): 261-297, pls 30-31 [29 June 1929
Cotton, B.C. & Godfrey, F.K. 1934. South Australian Shells. Part 11. South Australian Naturalist 15(3): 77-92
Cotton, B.C. 1945. Southern Australian Gastropoda. Part 1. Streptoneura. Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia 69(1): 150-171
Cotton, B.C. 1959. South Australian Mollusca. Archaeogastropoda. Handbook of the Flora and Fauna of South Australia. Adelaide : South Australian Government Printer 449 pp.
Wilson, B. 1993. Australian Marine Shells. Prosobranch Gastropods. Kallaroo, Western Australia : Odyssey Publishing Vol. 1 408 pp.
Jansen, P. 1995. A review of the genus Clanculus Montfort, 1810 (Gastropoda: Trochidae) in Australia, with description of a new subspecies and the introduction of a nomen novum. Vita Marina 43(1-2): 39-62

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[WoRMS-1] Rosenberg, G. (2012). Clanculus euchelioides Tate, 1893. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=594194 on 2012-11-23

[2] Transactions of the Royal Society of South Australia v.17 (1892-1893)