Sponges, the members of the phylum Porifera, are a basal Metazoa (animal) clade as a sister of the Diploblasts. They are multicellular organisms that have bodies full of pores and channels allowing water to circulate through them, consisting of jelly-like mesohyl sandwiched between two thin layers of cells. The branch of zoology that studies sponges is known as spongiology.
Leucosolenida is an order of calcareous sponges in the class Calcarea in the animal phylum Porifera.They are calcareous with a skeleton composed exclusively of free spicules without calcified non-spicular reinforcements.
The Calcinea are a subclass of the calcareous sponges. Its Phylum is Porifera and Class is Calcarea. Branching is usually dichotomous or umbellate with anastomoses, which gives rise to reticulate growths on stalks in adults. Most varieties are coral red or sulphur yellow.
The Clathrinida are an order of Calcinea; they have calcareous skeletons, and are strictly marine. These sponges have an asconoid structure and lack a true dermal membrane or cortex. The spongocoel is lined with choanocytes.
Pelagic sediment or pelagite is a fine-grained sediment that accumulates as the result of the settling of particles to the floor of the open ocean, far from land. These particles consist primarily of either the microscopic, calcareous or siliceous shells of phytoplankton or zooplankton; clay-size siliciclastic sediment; or some mixture of these. Trace amounts of meteoric dust and variable amounts of volcanic ash also occur within pelagic sediments. Based upon the composition of the ooze, there are three main types of pelagic sediments: siliceous oozes, calcareous oozes, and red clays.
Clathrinidae is a family of calcareous sponges in the order Clathrinida. It contains the following genera:
Ascute is a genus of Clathrinidae. It contains two species:
Homoscleromorpha is a class of marine sponges composed of two families: Plakinidae and Oscarellidae.
The Urmetazoan is the name for the hypothetical last common ancestor of all animals. It was undoubtedly a flagellate marine eukaryote, but beyond this its form is difficult to determine because the relationships of animal phyla are not completely understood.
Arturia canariensis, commonly known as the yellow calcareous sponge, is a species of sponge in the family Clathrinidae. It is found in shallow seas in the Canary Islands, Cape Verde, the Adriatic Sea and the Caribbean Sea. The specific epiphet "canariensis" was given to this species because it was first described from Lanzarote in the Canary Islands.
Clathrina lacunosa is a species of calcareous sponge in the genus Clathrina from Ireland and the United Kingdom. Species name means "having holes" and refers to the perforations found in the sides of the sponge. It is usually found on vertical solid surfaces at depths down to 220 m. It is distributed in the north-east Atlantic from the Arctic to the Mediterranean. It is a fairly common sponge but is often overlooked due to its small size.
Peronidella is an extinct genus of Calcareous sponges found in marine sedimentary rocks dated between the Devonian and the Cretaceous periods.
Clathrina antofagastensis is a species of sponge in the genus Clathrina from Chile. The species is named after Antofagasta, Chile, where the holotype was discovered.
Clathrina broenstedi is a species of sponge in the genus Clathrina from the Weddell Sea. The species is named after Holger Brøndsted, a Danish sponge researcher. The only spicules present in this species are triactines.
Clathrina fjordica is a species of calcareous sponge of the genus Clathrina from Chile. The species is named after Comau Fjord, the type locality.
Arturia is a genus of calcareous sponge in the family Clathrinidae which contains 14 species. It is named after Arthur Dendy, a prominent researcher of calcareous sponges. It was renamed Arturia in 2017 because the name Arthuria was already assigned to a genus of molluscs.
Brattegardia is a monotypic genus of calcareous sponge with a single species: Brattegardia nanseni from Norway. The genus is named after the Norwegian marine biologist Torleiv Brattegard. The species is named after Norwegian helminthologist Fridtjof Nansen.
Sycon huinayense is a species of sponge found on light-exposed vertical substrates at depths of 6–10 m (20–33 ft). They are associated with the mussel species Mytilus chilensis. Members of the class Calcarea are hermaphroditic.
