Clematis 'Jackmanii'

Last updated
Clematis 'Jackmanii'
Clematis Jackmannii1MGifford.jpg
Genus Clematis
Species C. × jackmanii
Hybrid parentage C. lanuginosa × C. viticella
Cultivar group Clematis viticella group
Cultivar Jackmanii
Breeder George Jackman

Clematis 'Jackmanii' is a Clematis cultivar which, when it was introduced in 1862, was the first of the modern large-flowered hybrid clematises of gardens. It is a climber with large violet-purple blooms, still among the most familiar climbers seen in gardens. It was produced from crosses made by the prominent nurseryman George Jackman (1837–1887), [1] of Jackman & Sons, Woking, Surrey.

Contents

C. 'Jackmanii' arose from crosses made in 1858 between Clematis lanuginosa , the red form of C. viticella , and an earlier garden hybrid, Clematis × hendersonii, which the new hybrid eclipsed. [2] The spectacular success of 'Jackmanii' encouraged Jackman & Sons to introduce a series of clematis hybrids, although none of these ousted 'Jackmanii' from favour. Jackman also produced a monograph, The Clematis as a Garden Flower (with T. Moore, 1872), [1] which he dedicated to H.S.H. Princess Mary, Duchess of Teck, as the clematis was one of her favourite flowers. [2]

Few of Jackman's early hybrids survive today, in part because they were grafted, often on 'Jackmanii', [2] but the dependable, floriferous and hardy 'Jackmanii' itself remains one of the most popular clematises of North American farmyard gardens in the East and the Midwest, where it is hardy to USDA Zone 4a; [3] it is seen grown on trellis, fence, arbor, porch pillar, or lamppost, wherever the soil retains some moisture and the roots are shaded, [4] even if only by a large flat rock. [5] The plant flowers on the year's new growth, so pruning is best done in early spring, before the plant leafs out. Cut to the ground the plant can reach 3 metres (10 ft) during the season; a column of bloom can be achieved by pruning out stems at varying heights, some as low as four buds, others above head height.

Clematis wilt

Prior to the introduction of 'Jackmanii', the disease clematis wilt was little known and not widespread. [6] However because 'Jackmanii' was bred from C. lanuginosa (a species which is susceptible to the pathogen which causes the disease), and because 'Jackmanii' led to a series of similar hybrids and the popularisation of the genus, clematis wilt soon became a serious problem for the new Clematis nurseries, to such an extent that by 1880 it had "brought the industry to a halt". [6] Clematis wilt is still prevalent today, although many species and cultivars grown in gardens are resistant to it. [7]

Related Research Articles

<i>Clematis</i> A genus of climbing perennial flowering plants in the buttercup family Ranunculaceae

Clematis is a genus of about 300 species within the buttercup family, Ranunculaceae. Their garden hybrids have been popular among gardeners, beginning with Clematis × jackmanii, a garden standby since 1862; more hybrid cultivars are being produced constantly. They are mainly of Chinese and Japanese origin. Most species are known as clematis in English, while some are also known as traveller's joy, a name invented for the sole British native, C. vitalba, by the herbalist John Gerard; virgin's bower for C. terniflora, C. virginiana, and C. viticella; old man's beard, applied to several with prominent seedheads; leather flower for those with fleshy petals; or vase vine for the North American Clematis viorna.

<i>Cotinus</i>

Cotinus, the smoketree or smoke bush, is a genus of two species of flowering plants in the family Anacardiaceae, closely related to the sumacs (Rhus).

Cottage garden Distinct style of garden

The cottage garden is a distinct style that uses informal design, traditional materials, dense plantings, and a mixture of ornamental and edible plants. English in origin, it depends on grace and charm rather than grandeur and formal structure. Homely and functional gardens connected to working-class cottages go back centuries, but their stylized reinvention occurred in 1870s England, as a reaction to the more structured, rigorously maintained estate gardens with their formal designs and mass plantings of greenhouse annuals.

Hybrid tea is an informal horticultural classification for a group of garden roses. They were created by cross-breeding two types of roses, initially by hybridising hybrid perpetuals with tea roses. It is the oldest group classified as a modern garden rose.

<i>Rosa</i> Abraham Darby

Abraham Darby is a popular apricot rose cultivar which was introduced by David Austin in England in 1985. The English rose was bred by crossing the climber 'Aloha' with the floribunda 'Yellow Cushion' and is named after the industrialist Abraham Darby, the constructor of the first iron bridge, which is situated less than 15 km from David Austin's nurseries. The naming happened in collaboration with the Ironbridge Gorge Museum Trust.

<i>Lagerstroemia indica</i> Species of tree

Lagerstroemia indica, the crape myrtle is a species of flowering plant in the genus Lagerstroemia of the family Lythraceae. It is native to the Indian Subcontinent, and also to Southeast Asia, China, Korea and Japan. The genus name honors Swedish botanist Magnus von Lagerstroem. It is an often multi-stemmed, deciduous tree with a wide spreading, flat topped, rounded, or even spike shaped open habit. The tree is a popular nesting shrub for songbirds and wrens.

<i>Rosa</i> KORbin

Rosa'KORbin' is a white floribunda rose cultivar bred by Kordes in Germany in 1958. It is also known as Iceberg, Fée des Neiges and Schneewittchen. 'KORbin' is among the world's best known roses.

<i>Rosa</i> Sun Flare

Rosa 'Sun Flare',, is a yellow floribunda rose cultivar, bred by William Warriner and introduced into United States by Jackson & Perkins in 1981. The rose won a gold medal in Japan in 1981, Portland in 1982 and was named an All-America Rose Selections winner in 1983.

<i>Clematis montana</i> Species of plant

Clematis montana is a flowering plant in the buttercup family Ranunculaceae. A vigorous deciduous climber, in late spring it is covered with a mass of small blooms for a period of about four weeks. The flowers are white or pink, four-petalled, with prominent yellow anthers. It is native to mountain areas of Asia from Afghanistan to Taiwan.

<i>Rosa</i> Double Delight

Rosa'Double Delight',, is a multiple award winning, red blend hybrid tea rose cultivar bred in the United States by Swim & Ellis and introduced in 1977. Its parents were two hybrid tea cultivars, the red and yellow 'Granada' and the ivory 'Garden Party'.

<i>Clematis lanuginosa</i> Species of flowering plant in the buttercup family Ranunculaceae

Clematis lanuginosa is a flowering vine of the genus Clematis. Like many members of that genus, its hybrids are prized by gardeners for their showy flowers. It is endemic to Zhejiang province in eastern China and was first discovered near Ningbo by the plant hunter Robert Fortune in 1850 who sent plants back to England. It was lost to cultivation at about the time of the first world war and thought to be extinct but was rediscovered growing in the same area in 2008.

<i>Rosa</i> Old Blush

Rosa 'Old Blush', also known as 'Parsons' Pink China', 'Old Blush China', 'Old China Monthly', is a China rose and has been cultivated in China for over a thousand years. It derives from Rosa chinensis, and is generally accepted as the first East Asian rose cultivar to reach Europe. It is recorded in Sweden in 1752 and in England before 1759, but was probably cultivated in China for several centuries. It is believed to be the rose which inspired the song The Last Rose of Summer by the Irish composer and poet Thomas Moore. It is also known as Parsons' Pink China, named after Mr Parson who introduced it commercially to the UK in 1793.

<i>Clematis viticella</i> Species of flowering plant in the buttercup family Ranunculaceae

Clematis viticella, the Italian leather flower, purple clematis, or "Virgin's bower", is a species of flowering plant in the buttercup family; it is native to Europe. The climber was the first clematis imported into English gardens, where it was already being grown in 1569 by Hugh Morgan, apothecary to Elizabeth I. By 1597, when it was already being called "Virgin's Bower", there were two varieties in English gardens, a blue and a red.

Garden roses Ornamental roses

Garden roses are predominantly hybrid roses that are grown as ornamental plants in private or public gardens. They are one of the most popular and widely cultivated groups of flowering plants, especially in temperate climates. Numerous cultivars have been produced, especially over the last two centuries, though roses have been known in the garden for millennia beforehand. While most garden roses are grown for their flowers, some are also valued for other reasons, such as having ornamental fruit, providing ground cover, or for hedging.

<i>Rosa</i> Nevada

Rosa 'Nevada' is a white rose cultivar developed by Pedro Dot in Spain in 1927. It is one of his most successful creations and is named for its colour, as nevada is the Spanish word for "snowy". Its parentage was long under discussion, as Dot introduced the cultivar as a hybrid moyesii, but the cultivar's round, black hips point to its R. pimpinellifolia-parentage. It is probably a cross between Dot's pink hybrid tea 'La Giralda' and the wild rose species Rosa pimpinellifolia var. altaica, but is sometimes still described as a hybrid moyesii.

Phoma clematidina is a fungal plant pathogen and the most common cause of the disease clematis wilt affecting large-flowered varieties of Clematis. Symptoms of infection include leaf spotting, wilting of leaves, stems or the whole plant and internal blackening of the stem, often at soil level. Infected plants growing in containers may also develop root rot.

<i>Rosa</i> Cécile Brünner

Rosa 'Cécile Brünner', also known as 'Mlle Cécile Brünner', 'Sweetheart Rose', 'Malteser Rose', or 'Mignon', is a light pink polyantha rose bred in France by Marie Ducher and introduced by her son-in-law, Joseph Pernet-Ducher in 1881. Its parents were a double-flowered R. multiflora and a hybrid tea rose, either 'Souvenir d'un Ami' or a seedling of 'Mme de Tartas'. It is not clear if the rose was named after the sister (1853–1927) or daughter of Ulrich Brunner fils.

<i>Rosa</i> Knock Out

Rosa 'Knock Out',, is a shrub rose cultivar bred by American rose grower, William Radler in 1989, and introduced into the United States by Star Roses and Plants in 2000. It was named an All-America Rose Selections winner in 2000.

<i>Rosa</i> About Face

Rosa 'About Face',, is an orange grandiflora rose cultivar, bred by Tom Carruth in 2003, and introduced into the United States by Jackson & Perkins in 2005. The rose was named an All-America Rose Selections winner in 2005.

References

  1. 1 2 Ray Desmond, ed. (1994-02-25). Dictionary of British and Irish Botanists and Horticulturists (2nd ed.). CRC Press. ISBN   9780850668438.
  2. 1 2 3 Alice M. Coats (1992) [originally published 1963]. Garden Shrubs and Their Histories. ASIN   B001IOYKNA.
  3. Christman, Steve (2004-07-24). "Clematis × jackmanii". Floridata. Retrieved 2011-02-28.
  4. "Clematis 'Jackmanii'". PlantFinder. Missouri Botanical Garden . Retrieved 2011-02-28.
  5. "How to Grow and Care for Clematis Jackmanii Vines in your Garden". The Garden Helper. Retrieved 2011-02-28.
  6. 1 2 Howells, J., Choosing your Clematis, Garden Art Press, 2003, p115 ISBN   1 870673 47 6
  7. Howells, p116