Greenland's climate is a tundra climate (Köppen ET) on and near the coasts and an ice cap climate (Köppen EF) in inland areas. It typically has short, cool summers and long, moderately cold winters.
Due to Gulf Stream influences, Greenland's winter temperatures are very mild for its latitude. In Nuuk, the capital, average winter temperatures are only −9 °C (16 °F). [1] In comparison, the average winter temperatures for Iqaluit, Nunavut, Canada, are around −27 °C (−17 °F). [2] Conversely, summer temperatures are very low, with an average high around 10 °C (50 °F). [1] This is too low to sustain trees, and the land is treeless tundra.
On the Greenland ice sheet, the temperature is far below freezing throughout the year, [3] and record high temperatures have peaked only slightly above freezing. The record high temperature at Summit Camp is 2.2 °C (36.0 °F). [4]
In the far south of Greenland, there is a very small forest in the Qinngua Valley, due to summer temperatures being barely high enough to sustain trees. There are mountains over 1,500 metres (4,900 ft) high surrounding the valley, which protect it from cold, fast winds travelling across the ice sheet. [5] It is the only natural forest in Greenland, but is only 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) long.
The Greenland ice sheet is 3 kilometers (1.9 mi) thick and broad enough to blanket an area the size of Mexico. The ice is so massive that its weight presses the bedrock of Greenland below sea level and is so all-concealing that not until recently did scientists discover Greenland's Grand Canyon or the possibility that Greenland might actually be three islands. [6]
If the ice melted, the interior bedrock below sea level would be covered by water. It is not clear whether this water would be at sea level or a lake above sea level. If it would be at sea level it could connect to the sea at Ilulissat Icefjord, in Baffin Bay and near Nordostrundingen, creating three large islands. [7] But it is most likely that it would be a lake with one drain.
It is thought that before the last Ice Age, Greenland had mountainous edges and a lowland (and probably very dry) center which drained to the sea via one big river flowing out westwards, past where Disko Island is now. [8]
There is concern about sea level rise caused by ice loss (melt and glaciers falling into the sea) on Greenland. Between 1997 and 2003 ice loss was 68–92 km3/a (16–22 cu mi/a), compared to about 60 km3/a (14 cu mi/a) for 1993/4-1998/9. Half of the increase was from higher summer melting, with the rest caused by the movements of some glaciers exceeding the speeds needed to balance upstream snow accumulation. [9] A complete loss of ice on Greenland would cause a sea level rise of as much as 6.40 meters (21.0 ft).
Researchers at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory and the University of Kansas reported in February 2006 that the glaciers are melting twice as fast as they were five years ago. By 2005, Greenland was beginning to lose more ice volume than anyone expected – an annual loss of up to 52 cubic miles or 217 cubic kilometres per year, according to more recent satellite gravity measurements released by JPL. The increased ice loss may be partially offset by increased snow accumulation due to increased precipitation.
Between 1991 and 2006, monitoring of the weather at one location (Swiss Camp) found that the average winter temperature had risen almost 10 °F (5.6 °C ).
Recently, Greenland's three largest outlet glaciers have started moving faster, satellite data show. These are the Jakobshavn Isbræ at Ilulissat on the western edge of Greenland, and the Kangerdlugssuaq and Helheim glaciers on the eastern edge of Greenland. The two latter accelerated greatly during the years 2004–2005, but returned to pre-2004 velocities in 2006. [10] The accelerating ice flow has been accompanied by a dramatic increase in seismic activity. In March 2006, researchers at Harvard University and the Lamont–Doherty Earth Observatory at Columbia University reported that the glaciers now generate swarms of earthquakes up to magnitude 5.0. [6]
The retreat of Greenland's ice is revealing islands that were thought to be part of the mainland. In September 2005 Dennis Schmitt discovered an island 400 miles (644 km) north of the Arctic Circle in eastern Greenland which he named Uunartoq Qeqertaq, Inuit for "warming island". [11]
In the Arctic, temperatures are rising faster than anywhere else in the world. Greenland is losing 200 billion tonnes of ice per year. Research suggests that this could increase the sea levels' rise by 30 centimeters by the end of the century. These projections have the possibility of changing as satellite data only dates back to 40 years ago. This means that researchers must view old photographs of glaciers and compare them to ones taken today to determine the future of Greenland's ice. [12]
Climate data for Greenland | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °C (°F) | 15.3 (59.5) | 16.0 (60.8) | 16.0 (60.8) | 19.1 (66.4) | 24.8 (76.6) | 30.1 (86.2) | 26.3 (79.3) | 25.2 (77.4) | 24.9 (76.8) | 19.3 (66.7) | 21.6 (70.9) | 15.9 (60.6) | 30.1 (86.2) |
Record low °C (°F) | −66.1 (−87.0) | −63.3 (−81.9) | −64.8 (−84.6) | −57.3 (−71.1) | −49.0 (−56.2) | −37.5 (−35.5) | −33.0 (−27.4) | −39.2 (−38.6) | −46.0 (−50.8) | −55.4 (−67.7) | −60.0 (−76.0) | −69.6 (−93.3) | −69.6 (−93.3) |
Source 1: Weather Extremes Greenland , retrieved 28 July 2020 (all record lows except for Jan, Mar, May, Dec)(Jan and Feb record highs), Meteo Climat (Mar-Dec highs) | |||||||||||||
Source 2: Georgi, Johannes (1935), Eismitte record low, PANGAEA - Data Publisher for Earth & Environmental Science, doi:10.1594/PANGAEA.604003 , retrieved 28 July 2020 (March record low), May record low at Summit , retrieved 28 July 2020 (May record low), WUnderground , retrieved 28 July 2020 (record low all time) |
Month | Temperature | Date | Location |
---|---|---|---|
January | 15.3 °C (59.5 °F) | 29 January 2003 | Nuuk, Sermersooq |
February | 16.0 °C (60.8 °F) | 20 February 2005 | Nanortailak, Kujalleq |
March | 16.0 °C (60.8 °F) | 31 March 1975 | Narsarsuaq, Kujalleq |
April | 19.1 °C (66.4 °F) | 26 April 2016 | Narsarsuaq, Kujalleq |
May | 24.8 °C (76.6 °F) | 29 May 2012 | Narsarsuaq, Kujalleq |
June | 30.1 °C (86.2 °F) | 23 June 1915 | Ivittuut, Sermersooq |
July | 26.3 °C (79.3 °F) | 6 July 2008 | Nuuk, Sermersooq |
August | 25.2 °C (77.4 °F) | 3 August 1899 | Tasiilaq, Sermersooq |
September | 24.9 °C (76.8 °F) | 2 September 2010 | Nuuk, Sermersooq |
October | 19.3 °C (66.7 °F) | 5 October 2016 | Tasiilaq, Sermersooq |
November | 21.6 °C (70.9 °F) | 21 November 2015 | Tasiilaq, Sermersooq |
December | 15.9 °C (60.6 °F) | 21 December 2001 | Narsarsuaq, Kujalleq |
Month | Temperature | Date | Location |
---|---|---|---|
January | −66.1 °C (−87.0 °F) | 9 January 1954 | North Ice, Northeast Greenland |
February | −63.3 °C (−81.9 °F) | 21 February 2002 | Summit Camp Station, Northeast Greenland |
March | −64.8 °C (−84.6 °F) | 20 March 1931 | Eismitte, Northeast Greenland |
April | −57.3 °C (−71.1 °F) | 21 April 2011 | Summit Camp Station, Northeast Greenland |
May | −49.0 °C (−56.2 °F) | 9 May 2018 | Summit Camp Station, Northeast Greenland |
June | −37.5 °C (−35.5 °F) | 1 June 2011 | Summit Camp Station, Northeast Greenland |
July | −33.0 °C (−27.4 °F) | 4 July 2017 | Summit Camp Station, Northeast Greenland |
August | −39.2 °C (−38.6 °F) | 29 August 2004 | Summit Camp Station, Northeast Greenland |
September | −46.0 °C (−50.8 °F) | 24 September 2009 | Summit Camp Station, Northeast Greenland |
October | −55.4 °C (−67.7 °F) | 26 October 2018 | Summit Camp Station, Northeast Greenland |
November | −60.0 °C (−76.0 °F) | 26 November 2001 | Summit Camp Station, Northeast Greenland |
December | −69.6 °C (−93.3 °F) | 22 December 1991 | Klinck Station, Northeast Greenland |
Climate data for Nuuk (Köppen ET) | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °C (°F) | 15.3 (59.5) | 13.0 (55.4) | 15.2 (59.4) | 14.6 (58.3) | 18.3 (64.9) | 23.8 (74.8) | 26.3 (79.3) | 25.1 (77.2) | 23.8 (74.8) | 19.9 (67.8) | 15.8 (60.4) | 13.3 (55.9) | 26.3 (79.3) |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | −5.0 (23.0) | −6.0 (21.2) | −5.1 (22.8) | −0.7 (30.7) | 3.9 (39.0) | 8.4 (47.1) | 11.1 (52.0) | 10.2 (50.4) | 6.5 (43.7) | 2.3 (36.1) | −1.1 (30.0) | −3.2 (26.2) | 1.8 (35.2) |
Daily mean °C (°F) | −7.5 (18.5) | −8.6 (16.5) | −7.7 (18.1) | −3.0 (26.6) | 1.2 (34.2) | 5.0 (41.0) | 7.4 (45.3) | 7.0 (44.6) | 4.0 (39.2) | 0.2 (32.4) | −3.3 (26.1) | −5.5 (22.1) | −0.9 (30.4) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −9.7 (14.5) | −10.9 (12.4) | −10.0 (14.0) | −5.2 (22.6) | −1.2 (29.8) | 2.0 (35.6) | 4.4 (39.9) | 4.5 (40.1) | 2.0 (35.6) | −1.8 (28.8) | −5.3 (22.5) | −7.7 (18.1) | −3.3 (26.1) |
Record low °C (°F) | −32.5 (−26.5) | −29.6 (−21.3) | −27.5 (−17.5) | −30.0 (−22.0) | −19.0 (−2.2) | −10.3 (13.5) | −6.6 (20.1) | −4.7 (23.5) | −8.2 (17.2) | −16.6 (2.1) | −24.4 (−11.9) | −25.2 (−13.4) | −32.5 (−26.5) |
Average precipitation mm (inches) | 67.1 (2.64) | 51.1 (2.01) | 58.9 (2.32) | 53.3 (2.10) | 57.4 (2.26) | 61.7 (2.43) | 69.3 (2.73) | 90.8 (3.57) | 104.6 (4.12) | 80.5 (3.17) | 79.0 (3.11) | 74.5 (2.93) | 852.6 (33.57) |
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 13.8 | 12.7 | 15.1 | 13.2 | 13.0 | 10.5 | 12.5 | 12.5 | 14.1 | 13.5 | 14.3 | 14.4 | 159.6 |
Average snowy days | 13.6 | 12.1 | 14.5 | 11.4 | 9.4 | 2.8 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 4.3 | 9.8 | 12.7 | 13.8 | 104.7 |
Average relative humidity (%) | 73.8 | 74.7 | 74.3 | 78.3 | 81.1 | 85.0 | 85.3 | 86.7 | 82.3 | 76.7 | 73.3 | 73.4 | 78.7 |
Mean monthly sunshine hours | 15.5 | 65.0 | 148.8 | 180.0 | 189.1 | 204.0 | 195.3 | 164.3 | 141.0 | 80.6 | 30.0 | 6.2 | 1,419.8 |
Mean daily sunshine hours | 0.5 | 2.3 | 4.8 | 6.0 | 6.1 | 6.8 | 6.3 | 5.3 | 4.7 | 2.6 | 1.0 | 0.2 | 3.9 |
Source 1: Danish Meteorological Institute [13] [14] | |||||||||||||
Source 2: Meteo Climat (record highs and lows), [15] Deutscher Wetterdienst (sun 1980–1990), [16] NOAA (humidity 1991-2020) [17] |
Climate data for Kangerlussuaq (Köppen Dfc/ET/BSk) | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °C (°F) | 12.3 (54.1) | 13.9 (57.0) | 14.4 (57.9) | 17.8 (64.0) | 22.4 (72.3) | 25.2 (77.4) | 26.6 (79.9) | 22.9 (73.2) | 21.1 (70.0) | 17.1 (62.8) | 15.8 (60.4) | 11.9 (53.4) | 26.6 (79.9) |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | −13.5 (7.7) | −14.8 (5.4) | −10.8 (12.6) | −0.9 (30.4) | 8.4 (47.1) | 15.3 (59.5) | 16.8 (62.2) | 14.0 (57.2) | 7.7 (45.9) | −0.8 (30.6) | −7.0 (19.4) | −10.5 (13.1) | 0.3 (32.6) |
Daily mean °C (°F) | −18.5 (−1.3) | −19.8 (−3.6) | −16.6 (2.1) | −6.2 (20.8) | 3.6 (38.5) | 10.0 (50.0) | 11.2 (52.2) | 8.7 (47.7) | 3.5 (38.3) | −4.6 (23.7) | −11.3 (11.7) | −15.2 (4.6) | −4.6 (23.7) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −23.3 (−9.9) | −24.9 (−12.8) | −22.2 (−8.0) | −11.6 (11.1) | −1.7 (28.9) | 4.2 (39.6) | 5.0 (41.0) | 3.3 (37.9) | −1.0 (30.2) | −8.7 (16.3) | −15.7 (3.7) | −19.9 (−3.8) | −9.7 (14.5) |
Record low °C (°F) | −47.2 (−53.0) | −46.8 (−52.2) | −45.4 (−49.7) | −34.4 (−29.9) | −21.8 (−7.2) | −4.7 (23.5) | −0.7 (30.7) | −4.8 (23.4) | −15.4 (4.3) | −29.7 (−21.5) | −36.3 (−33.3) | −45.5 (−49.9) | −47.2 (−53.0) |
Average precipitation mm (inches) | 7.9 (0.31) | 6.1 (0.24) | 5.2 (0.20) | 7.6 (0.30) | 10.9 (0.43) | 13.4 (0.53) | 27.6 (1.09) | 31.7 (1.25) | 22.7 (0.89) | 13.1 (0.52) | 11.7 (0.46) | 9.8 (0.39) | 167.7 (6.61) |
Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 2.9 | 2.0 | 1.7 | 2.3 | 2.8 | 3.4 | 5.2 | 6.9 | 5.2 | 3.8 | 3.9 | 3.2 | 43.3 |
Average relative humidity (%) | 70.2 | 68.1 | 66.5 | 64.1 | 57.7 | 55.1 | 57.2 | 64.8 | 67.3 | 72.9 | 72.6 | 71.4 | 65.7 |
Source 1: Danish Meteorological Institute [18] [19] | |||||||||||||
Source 2: NOAA [20] |
Climate data for Narsarsuaq (Köppen Dfc/ET) | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °C (°F) | 14.2 (57.6) | 15.3 (59.5) | 16.5 (61.7) | 19.1 (66.4) | 24.8 (76.6) | 25.2 (77.4) | 24.1 (75.4) | 23.6 (74.5) | 22.4 (72.3) | 18.7 (65.7) | 18.4 (65.1) | 15.9 (60.6) | 25.2 (77.4) |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | −2.1 (28.2) | −2.6 (27.3) | −0.7 (30.7) | 4.9 (40.8) | 10.0 (50.0) | 14.0 (57.2) | 15.7 (60.3) | 14.1 (57.4) | 9.9 (49.8) | 5.1 (41.2) | 0.4 (32.7) | −1.6 (29.1) | 5.6 (42.1) |
Daily mean °C (°F) | −6.1 (21.0) | −6.5 (20.3) | −4.7 (23.5) | 1.3 (34.3) | 5.9 (42.6) | 9.6 (49.3) | 11.1 (52.0) | 9.8 (49.6) | 6.1 (43.0) | 1.5 (34.7) | −3.3 (26.1) | −5.5 (22.1) | 1.6 (34.9) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −10.5 (13.1) | −11.1 (12.0) | −9.1 (15.6) | −2.6 (27.3) | 1.6 (34.9) | 5.1 (41.2) | 6.7 (44.1) | 5.8 (42.4) | 2.3 (36.1) | −2.0 (28.4) | −7.3 (18.9) | −9.8 (14.4) | −2.6 (27.4) |
Record low °C (°F) | −39.7 (−39.5) | −33.7 (−28.7) | −31.9 (−25.4) | −23.1 (−9.6) | −16.7 (1.9) | −2.9 (26.8) | 0.1 (32.2) | −0.1 (31.8) | −5.7 (21.7) | −17.8 (0.0) | −26.1 (−15.0) | −35.9 (−32.6) | −39.7 (−39.5) |
Average precipitation mm (inches) | 40.0 (1.57) | 52.3 (2.06) | 37.1 (1.46) | 44.7 (1.76) | 32.8 (1.29) | 44.8 (1.76) | 49.8 (1.96) | 66.3 (2.61) | 80.2 (3.16) | 56.7 (2.23) | 68.2 (2.69) | 39.5 (1.56) | 612.4 (24.11) |
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.1 mm) | 10.0 | 8.2 | 9.5 | 10.4 | 8.8 | 11.1 | 12.5 | 10.6 | 11.2 | 9.8 | 9.6 | 10.1 | 122.0 |
Average snowy days | 9.3 | 7.6 | 8.6 | 7.6 | 2.7 | 0.5 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 1.3 | 5.5 | 7.6 | 8.9 | 59.8 |
Average relative humidity (%) | 65 | 64 | 66 | 65 | 65 | 69 | 74 | 72 | 69 | 67 | 66 | 65 | 67 |
Mean monthly sunshine hours | 26 | 65 | 137 | 168 | 177 | 182 | 192 | 156 | 136 | 94 | 44 | 18 | 1,431 |
Source 1: Danish Meteorological Institute (precipitation days and snowy days 1961–1990 and sunshine 1980–1999) [21] [22] [23] | |||||||||||||
Source 2: Météo Climat (records), [24] NOAA (humidity 1961–1990) [25] |
Climate data for Summit Camp (Köppen EF) | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °C (°F) | −11.7 (10.9) | −11.0 (12.2) | −12.8 (9.0) | −1.2 (29.8) | −1.4 (29.5) | 1.8 (35.2) | 2.2 (36.0) | 0.9 (33.6) | −2.6 (27.3) | −5.5 (22.1) | −7.1 (19.2) | −13.1 (8.4) | 2.2 (36.0) |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | −36 (−33) | −38 (−36) | −32 (−26) | −29 (−20) | −19 (−2) | −11 (12) | −11 (12) | −14 (7) | −22 (−8) | −28 (−18) | −28 (−18) | −36 (−33) | −25 (−14) |
Daily mean °C (°F) | −43 (−45) | −42 (−44) | −41 (−42) | −33 (−27) | −23 (−9) | −15 (5) | −13 (9) | −16 (3) | −26 (−15) | −34 (−29) | −36 (−33) | −40 (−40) | −30 (−22) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | −48 (−54) | −46 (−51) | −45 (−49) | −40 (−40) | −30 (−22) | −19 (−2) | −15 (5) | −21 (−6) | −29 (−20) | −39 (−38) | −42 (−44) | −48 (−54) | −35 (−31) |
Record low °C (°F) | −61.2 (−78.2) | −63.3 (−81.9) | −61.2 (−78.2) | −57.3 (−71.1) | −47.4 (−53.3) | −37.5 (−35.5) | −33.0 (−27.4) | −39.2 (−38.6) | −46.0 (−50.8) | −51.4 (−60.5) | −60.0 (−76.0) | −63.0 (−81.4) | −63.3 (−81.9) |
Source: [26] [27] |
Greenland is a North American island autonomous territory of the Kingdom of Denmark. It is the larger of two autonomous territories within the Kingdom, the other being the Faroe Islands; the citizens of both territories are full citizens of Denmark. As Greenland is one of the Overseas Countries and Territories of the European Union, citizens of Greenland are European Union citizens. The capital and largest city of Greenland is Nuuk. Greenland lies between the Arctic and Atlantic oceans, east of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. It is the world's largest island, and is the location of the northernmost point of land in the world – Kaffeklubben Island off the northern coast is the world's northernmost undisputed point of land, and Cape Morris Jesup on the mainland was thought to be so until the 1960s.
Greenland is located between the Arctic Ocean and the North Atlantic Ocean, northeast of Canada and northwest of Iceland. The territory comprises the island of Greenland—the largest island in the world—and more than a hundred other smaller islands. Greenland has a 1.2-kilometer-long (0.75 mi) border with Canada on Hans Island. A sparse population is confined to small settlements along certain sectors of the coast. Greenland possesses the world's second-largest ice sheet.
Nuuk is the capital of and most populous city in Greenland, an autonomous territory in the Kingdom of Denmark. Nuuk is the seat of government and the territory's largest cultural and economic center. Nuuk is also the seat of government for the Sermersooq municipality. In January 2024, it had a population of 19,872, - more than a third of the country’s population - making it one of the smallest capital cities in the world by population. Nuuk is considered a modernized city after the policy began in 1950.
Upernavik is a small town in the Avannaata municipality in northwestern Greenland, located on a small island of the same name. With 1,064 inhabitants as of 2024, it is the twelfth-largest town in Greenland. It contains the Upernavik Museum.
Kangerlussuaq is a settlement in western Greenland in the Qeqqata municipality located at the head of the fjord of the same name. It was Greenland's main air transport hub and the site of Greenland's largest commercial airport until the new airport opened at Nuuk on 28th November 2024. The airport dates from American settlement during and after World War II, when the site was known as Bluie West-8 and then Sondrestrom Air Base.
Ilulissat, formerly Jakobshavn or Jacobshaven, is the municipal seat and largest town of the Avannaata municipality in western Greenland, located approximately 350 km (220 mi) north of the Arctic Circle. With a population of 4,670 as of 2020, it is the third-largest city in Greenland, after Nuuk and Sisimiut. The city is home to almost as many sled-dogs as people.
Narsarsuaq is a settlement in the Kujalleq municipality in southern Greenland. It had 123 inhabitants in 2020. There is a thriving tourism industry in and around Narsarsuaq, whose attractions include a great diversity of wildlife, gemstones, tours to glaciers, and an airfield museum.
Aasiaat or Ausiait, formerly Egedesminde, is a town in the Qeqertalik municipality in western Greenland, located on its namesake island in the heart of Aasiaat Archipelago at the southern end of Disko Bay. With a population of 2,980 as of 2021, it is Greenland's fifth-largest town.
Kangerlussuaq Airport is an airport in Kangerlussuaq, a settlement in the Qeqqata municipality in central-western Greenland. Alongside Nuuk Airport and Narsarsuaq Airport, it is one of only three civilian airports in Greenland large enough to handle large aircraft.
Tasiilaq, formerly Ammassalik or Angmagssalik and King Oscar Haven, is a town on Ammassalik Island in southeastern Greenland, within the municipality of Sermersooq. With 1,985 inhabitants as of 2020, it is the most populous community on the eastern coast, and the seventh-largest town in Greenland. The Sermilik Station, dedicated to the research of the nearby Mittivakkat Glacier, is located near the town.
Paamiut, formerly Frederikshåb, is a town in southwestern Greenland in the Sermersooq municipality.
Ittoqqortoormiit, formerly known as Scoresbysund, is a settlement in the Sermersooq municipality in eastern Greenland. Its population was 345 as of 2020, and it has been described as one of the most remote settlements on Earth.
The Danish Meteorological Institute is the official Danish meteorological institute, administrated by the Ministry of Climate, Energy and Utilities. It makes weather forecasts and observations for Denmark, Greenland, and the Faroe Islands.
Jakobshavn Glacier, also known as Ilulissat Glacier, is a large outlet glacier in West Greenland. It is located near the Greenlandic town of Ilulissat and ends at the sea in the Ilulissat Icefjord.
Danmarkshavn is a small weather station located in Dove Bay, on the northeastern shore of the Germania Land Peninsula, in Northeast Greenland National Park, Greenland.
Tourism in Greenland is a relatively young business area of the country. Since the foundation of the national tourist council, Greenland Tourism, in 1992, the Home Rule Government has been working actively with promoting the destination and helping smaller tourist providers to establish their services. Foreign travel agencies have increasingly been opening up sale of Greenland trips and tours, and the cruise industry has had a relatively large increase in routes to Greenland since about the turn of the century.
The tundra climate is a polar climate sub-type located in high latitudes and high mountains. It is classified as ET according to the Köppen climate classification. It is a climate which at least one month has an average temperature high enough to melt snow, but no month with an average temperature in excess of 10 °C (50 °F). If the climate occurs at high elevations, it is known as alpine climate.
Summit Camp, also known as Summit Station, is a year-round staffed research station near the apex of the Greenland ice sheet. The station is located at 3,216 metres (10,551 ft) above sea level.
The climate of the Nordic countries is that of a region in Northern Europe that consists of Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway and Sweden and their associated territories, which include the Faroe Islands, Greenland and Åland. Stockholm, Sweden has on average the warmest summer of the Nordic capitals, with an average maximum temperature of 23 °C (73 °F) in July; Copenhagen, Oslo and Helsinki have an average July maximum temperature of 22 °C (72 °F).
Panzgam is a village in Awantipora tehsil of Pulwama district, Jammu and Kashmir, India. It is 19 kilometres (12 mi) from Pulwama district headquarters and 45 kilometres (28 mi) from Srinagar. It is located at the boundary of Awantipora Tehsil.