Combe Mill

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Combe Mill
Work in Progress at Combe Mill - geograph.org.uk - 1013806.jpg
Type Sawmill
Location Long Hanborough
Coordinates 51°49′56.64″N1°23′48.3″W / 51.8324000°N 1.396750°W / 51.8324000; -1.396750 Coordinates: 51°49′56.64″N1°23′48.3″W / 51.8324000°N 1.396750°W / 51.8324000; -1.396750
OS grid reference SP 41660 15041
Area Oxfordshire
Built1852
Governing bodyCombe Mill Society
Owner Blenheim Palace Estate
Listed Building – Grade II*
Official name: Combe Mill
Designated29 June 1988
Reference no. 1053004
Oxfordshire UK location map.svg
Red pog.svg
Location of Combe Mill in Oxfordshire

Combe Mill is a historic sawmill adjacent to the River Evenlode and close to Combe railway station, between the villages of Combe and Long Hanborough in Oxfordshire, England. [1] A Grade II* listed building, [2] it was restored in the early 1970s and is open to the public.

Sawmill facility where logs are cut into timber

A sawmill or lumber mill is a facility where logs are cut into lumber. Modern saw mills use a motorized saw to cut logs lengthwise to make long pieces, and crosswise to length depending on standard or custom sizes. The "portable" saw mill is iconic and of simple operation—the logs lay flat on a steel bed and the motorized saw cuts the log horizontally along the length of the bed, by the operator manually pushing the saw. The most basic kind of saw mill consists of a chainsaw and a customized jig, with similar horizontal operation.

River Evenlode river in Oxfordshire, United Kingdom

The River Evenlode is a river in England which is a tributary of the Thames in Oxfordshire. It rises near Moreton-in-Marsh, Gloucestershire in the Cotswold Hills and flows south-east passing near Stow-on-the-Wold, Charlbury, Bladon, and Cassington, and its valley provides the route of the southern part of the Cotswold Line. The river flows for 45 miles (72 km) from source to the River Thames.

Combe railway station

Combe railway station serves the village of Combe in Oxfordshire, England. It is on the Cotswold Line. This station and all trains serving it are run by Great Western Railway.

Contents

History

The mill was built in 1852 as the workshop for the Blenheim Palace Estate, replacing an early 17th-century flour mill sold to George Spencer, 4th Duke of Marlborough in 1766. [3]

Blenheim Palace country house in Woodstock, Oxfordshire, England

Blenheim Palace is a monumental country house in Blenheim, Oxfordshire, England. It is the principal residence of the Dukes of Marlborough, and the only non-royal, non-episcopal country house in England to hold the title of palace. The palace, one of England's largest houses, was built between 1705 and 1722, and designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1987.

George Spencer, 4th Duke of Marlborough British Duke

George Spencer, 4th Duke of Marlborough,, styled Marquess of Blandford until 1758, was a British courtier, nobleman, and politician from the Spencer family. He served as Lord Chamberlain between 1762 and 1763 and as Lord Privy Seal between 1763 and 1765. He is the great-great-great grandfather of Sir Winston Churchill.

The mill was originally powered by a waterwheel. In 1886, a beam engine and Cornish boiler were installed to allow operation when the river's flow was low. The engine stopped working around 1922 and lay idle until its restoration. The wood waterwheel was replaced in 1934 with a metal one, and the shaft replaced by the present timber one.[ citation needed ] The waterwheel was the mill's principal source of power for about 40 years, except for a time during World War I when the government installed auxiliary stationary steam engines, and the mill was commandeered by the War Office to produce props and duck-boards for use in the battlefield trenches. In the 1950s, electric power was brought to the mill and the waterwheel became less important. When it ceased to be used in the mid-1960s, the leat was filled in and sluices buried. [3]

Beam engine

A beam engine is a type of steam engine where a pivoted overhead beam is used to apply the force from a vertical piston to a vertical connecting rod. This configuration, with the engine directly driving a pump, was first used by Thomas Newcomen around 1705 to remove water from mines in Cornwall. The efficiency of the engines was improved by engineers including James Watt who added a separate condenser, Jonathan Hornblower and Arthur Woolf who compounded the cylinders, and William McNaught (Glasgow) who devised a method of compounding an existing engine. Beam engines were first used to pump water out of mines or into canals, but could be used to pump water to supplement the flow for a waterwheel powering a mill.

World War I 1914–1918 global war originating in Europe

World War I, also known as the First World War or the Great War, was a global war originating in Europe that lasted from 28 July 1914 to 11 November 1918. Contemporaneously described as "the war to end all wars", it led to the mobilisation of more than 70 million military personnel, including 60 million Europeans, making it one of the largest wars in history. It is also one of the deadliest conflicts in history, with an estimated nine million combatants and seven million civilian deaths as a direct result of the war, while resulting genocides and the 1918 influenza pandemic caused another 50 to 100 million deaths worldwide.

Restoration

Beam engine at Combe Mill Beam engine, Combe Mill - geograph.org.uk - 726480.jpg
Beam engine at Combe Mill

In 1969, a working party from the City and County Museum (now the County Museum) at Woodstock surveyed the site and began negotiations with the Duke of Marlborough to restore the beam engine and boiler; and in September 1972, the engine was successfully steamed for the first time in sixty years. The Combe Mill Society was formed, and the mill opened to the public in 1975. Since then, other parts of the mill have been restored. [3]

The mill still contains several historic trade catalogues from which hardware was once selected for use around the estate. [4] It also has several day books from the mid-19th century, showing the names of workers and details of their earnings and day-to-day jobs.

Access

The mill is open between March and October, and is in steam on the third Sunday of those months. Schools and community groups may book visits at any time. The mill has a working forge, where visitors have the opportunity to make their own fireplace pokers. [4]

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River Cray river in the United Kingdom

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References

  1. "Combe Mill". TripAdvisor . Retrieved 31 July 2017.
  2. "Combe Mill". Historic England. Retrieved 5 March 2018.
  3. 1 2 3 "History". Combe Mill. Retrieved 5 March 2018.
  4. 1 2 "Combe Mill". Steam Heritage Museums & Events Guide. Retrieved 31 July 2017.