Common data model

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A common data model (CDM) can refer to any standardised data model which allows for data and information exchange between different applications and data sources. Common data models aim to standardise logical infrastructure so that related applications can "operate on and share the same data", [1] and can be seen as a way to "organize data from many sources that are in different formats into a standard structure". [2]

Contents

A common data model has been described as one of the components of a "strong information system". [3] A standardised common data model has also been described as a typical component of a well designed agile application besides a common communication protocol. [4] Providing a single common data model within an organisation is one of the typical tasks of a data warehouse.

Examples of common data models

Border crossings

X-trans.eu was a cross-border pilot project between the Free State of Bavaria (Germany) and Upper Austria with the aim of developing a faster procedure for the application and approval of cross-border large-capacity transports. The portal was based on a common data model that contained all the information required for approval.

Climate data

The Climate Data Store Common Data Model is a common data model set up by the Copernicus Climate Change Service for harmonising essential climate variables from different sources and data providers.

General information technology

Within service-oriented architecture, S-RAMP is a specification released by HP, IBM, Software AG, TIBCO, and Red Hat [5] which defines a common data model for SOA repositories [6] as well as an interaction protocol to facilitate the use of common tooling and sharing of data. [7]

Content Management Interoperability Services (CMIS) is an open standard for inter-operation of different content management systems over the internet, and provides a common data model for typed files and folders used with version control. [8]

The NetCDF software libraries for array-oriented scientific data implements a common data model called the NetCDF Java common data model, which consists of three layers built on top of each other to add successively richer semantics.

Health

Within genomic and medical data, the Observational Medical Outcomes Partnership (OMOP) research program established under the U.S. National Institutes of Health has created a common data model for claims and electronic health records which can accommodate data from different sources around the world. PCORnet, which was developed by the Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute, is another common data model for health data including electronic health records and patient claims. The Sentinel Common Data Model was initially started as Mini-Sentinel in 2008. It is used by the Sentinel Initiative of the USA's Food and Drug Administration. The Generalized Data Model was first published in 2019. [9] It was designed to be a stand-alone data model as well as to allow for further transformation into other data models (e.g., OMOP, PCORNet, Sentinel). It has a hierarchical structure to flexibly capture relationships among data elements. The JANUS clinical trial data repository also provides a common data model which is based on the SDTM standard to represent clinical data submitted to regulatory agencies, such as tabulation datasets, patient profiles, listings, etc.

Logistics

SX000i is a specification developed jointly by the Aerospace and Defence Industries Association of Europe (ASD) and the American Aerospace Industries Association (AIA) to provide information, guidance and instructions to ensure compatibility and the commonality. The associated SX002D specification contains a common data model.

Microsoft Common Data Model

The Microsoft Common Data Model is a collection of many standardised extensible data schemas with entities, attributes, semantic metadata, and relationships, which represent commonly used concepts and activities in various businesses areas.[ citation needed ] It is maintained by Microsoft and its partners, and is published on GitHub. [10] Microsoft's Common Data Model is used amongst others in Microsoft Dataverse [11] and with various Microsoft Power Platform [12] and Microsoft Dynamics 365 [13] services.

Rail transport

RailTopoModel is a common data model for the railway sector. [14]

Other

There are many more examples of various common data models for different uses published by different sources. [15] [16] [17] [18] [19]

See also

Related Research Articles

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The Web Services Business Process Execution Language (WS-BPEL), commonly known as BPEL, is an OASIS standard executable language for specifying actions within business processes with web services. Processes in BPEL export and import information by using web service interfaces exclusively.

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WS-ReliableMessaging describes a protocol that allows SOAP messages to be reliably delivered between distributed applications in the presence of software component, system, or network failures.

Web Services for Remote Portlets (WSRP) is an OASIS-approved network protocol standard designed for communications with remote portlets.

The common warehouse metamodel (CWM) defines a specification for modeling metadata for relational, non-relational, multi-dimensional, and most other objects found in a data warehousing environment. The specification is released and owned by the Object Management Group, which also claims a trademark in the use of "CWM".

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The Advanced Message Queuing Protocol (AMQP) is an open standard application layer protocol for message-oriented middleware. The defining features of AMQP are message orientation, queuing, routing, reliability and security.

A cornerstone of the UN/CEFACT standardisation activities is the Core Component Technical Specification (CCTS). Core Components are the syntax-neutral and technology-independent building blocks that can be used for data modeling. Major benefits of CCTS include improved reuse of existing data artifacts, improved enterprise interoperability, and consistency across vertical industry standards.

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Election Markup Language (EML) is an XML-based standard to support end to end management of election processes.

Service Component Architecture (SCA) is a software technology designed to provide a model for applications that follow service-oriented architecture principles. The technology, created by major software vendors, including IBM, Oracle Corporation and TIBCO Software, encompasses a wide range of technologies and as such is specified in independent specifications to maintain programming language and application environment neutrality. Many times it uses an enterprise service bus (ESB).

Content Management Interoperability Services (CMIS) is an open standard that allows different content management systems to inter-operate over the Internet. Specifically, CMIS defines an abstraction layer for controlling diverse document management systems and repositories using web protocols.

Content Assembly Mechanism (CAM) is an XML-based standard for creating and managing information exchanges that are interoperable and deterministic descriptions of machine-processable information content flows into and out of XML structures. CAM is a product of the OASIS Content Assembly Technical Committee.

The Emergency Data Exchange Language (EDXL) is a suite of XML-based messaging standards that facilitate emergency information sharing between government entities and the full range of emergency-related organizations. EDXL standardizes messaging formats for communications between these parties. EDXL was developed as a royalty-free standard by the OASIS International Open Standards Consortium.

In computing, Open Data Protocol (OData) is an open protocol that allows the creation and consumption of queryable and interoperable Web service APIs in a standard way. Microsoft initiated OData in 2007. Versions 1.0, 2.0, and 3.0 are released under the Microsoft Open Specification Promise. Version 4.0 was standardized at OASIS, with a release in March 2014. In April 2015 OASIS submitted OData v4 and OData JSON Format v4 to ISO/IEC JTC 1 for approval as an international standard. In December 2016, ISO/IEC published OData 4.0 Core as ISO/IEC 20802-1:2016 and the OData JSON Format as ISO/IEC 20802-2:2016.

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Clinical data standards are used to store and communicate information related to healthcare so that its meaning is unambiguous. They are used in clinical practice, in activity analysis and finding, and in research and development.

References

  1. ↑ What is a Common Data Model? – How Does it Work? | Synopsys
  2. ↑ Common Data Model | James Serra's Blog
  3. ↑ Salvaneschi, Paolo; Lazzari, Marco (1997). Weak information systems for technical data management (PDF). Worldwide ECCE Symposium on computers in the practice of building and civil engineering. Lahti, Finland. pp. 310–314. Retrieved 2015-11-29
  4. ↑ "What is Data Modeling? | IBM". www.ibm.com. Retrieved 2023-07-04.
  5. ↑ Boris Lublinsky HP, IBM, Software AG and TIBCO Releases Version 0.9 of the SOA Repository Specification - http://www.infoq.com/news/2010/04/SOARepository InfoQ, April 27, 2010
  6. ↑ Kurt Stam, Eric Wittmann S-RAMP Version 1.0. Part 1: Foundation - http://docs.oasis-open.org/s-ramp/s-ramp/v1.0/s-ramp-v1.0-part1-foundation.html OASIS, December 23, 2013
  7. ↑ Martin Smithson, Vincent Brunssen S-RAMP Version 1.0. Part 2: Atom Binding - http://docs.oasis-open.org/s-ramp/s-ramp/v1.0/s-ramp-v1.0-part2-atom-binding.html OASIS, December 23, 2013
  8. ↑ Vstath, Bill. "Content Management Interoperability Services (CMIS) Version 1".{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  9. ↑ Danese, Mark D.; Halperin, Marc; Duryea, Jennifer; Duryea, Ryan (2019-06-24). "The Generalized Data Model for clinical research". BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making. 19 (1): 117. doi: 10.1186/s12911-019-0837-5 . ISSN   1472-6947. PMC   6591926 . PMID   31234921.
  10. ↑ GitHub - microsoft/CDM: The Common Data Model (CDM) is a standard and extensible collection of schemas (entities, attributes, relationships) that represents business concepts and activities with well-defined semantics, to facilitate data interoperability. Examples of entities include: Account, Contact, Lead, Opportunity, Product, etc.
  11. ↑ About - Common Data Model - Common Data Model | Microsoft Docs
  12. ↑ What is the Common Data Model and Why Should I Care? Part 3 of Dataflow Series in Power BI - RADACAD
  13. ↑ Microsoft Dynamics 365: the Common Data Model explained | Nigel Frank
  14. ↑ UIC and railML act to create the foundations for a Universal Infrastructure Data Exchange Format | UIC Communications
  15. ↑ Introducing the Common Data Model - IBM Documentation
  16. ↑ Common Data Model (CDM) - EU Vocabularies - Publications Office of the EU
  17. ↑ Common data model | Workato Docs
  18. ↑ Common Data Model concepts - Documentation for BMC CMDB 20.02 - BMC Documentation
  19. ↑ Common Data Model - Evolveum Docs
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