A content management system (CMS) is a computer software used to manage the creation and modification of digital content (content management). [1] [2] [3] It is typically used for enterprise content management (ECM) and web content management (WCM). ECM typically supports multiple users in a collaborative environment, [4] [5] by integrating document management, digital asset management, and record retention. [4] Alternatively, WCM is the collaborative authoring for websites and may include text and embed graphics, photos, video, audio, maps, and program code that display content and interact with the user. [6] [7] ECM typically includes a WCM function.
A CMS typically has two major components: a content management application (CMA), as the front-end user interface that allows a user, even with limited expertise, to add, modify, and remove content from a website without the intervention of a webmaster; and a content delivery application (CDA), which compiles the content and updates the website. [8]
There are two types of CMS installation: on-premises and cloud-based. On-premises installation means that the CMS software can be installed on the server. Notable CMSs which can be installed on-premises are Drupal, Grav, Joomla, ModX, Wordpress.org and others. The cloud-based CMS is hosted in the vendor's cloud environment. Examples of notable cloud-based CMSs are Adobe Experience Manager, Contentful, Ghost, Optimizely, SquareSpace, Webflow, WIX, Framer, Site.pro and Wordpress.com. [9]
The core CMS features are: indexing, search and retrieval, format management, revision control, and management. [4] Features may vary depending on the system application but will typically include: [4]
Popular additional features may include: [4]
Digital asset management systems are another type of CMS. They manage content with clearly defined author or ownership, such as documents, movies, pictures, phone numbers, and scientific data. Companies also use CMSs to store, control, revise, and publish documentation. There are also component content management systems (CCMS), which are CMSs that manage content at a modular level rather than as pages or articles. CCMSs are often used in technical communication, where many publications reuse the same content. Headless CMS, which separates content from its delivery layer, offers greater flexibility in content distribution across various platforms. [10]
Based on a survey, the most widely used content management system is WordPress, used by 43.6% of the top 10 million websites as of October 2021. Other commonly used content management systems include Squarespace, Joomla, Shopify, and Wix. [11] [12]
In a document, especially those authored in a content management system, a cross-reference has two major aspects:
The visible form contains text, graphics, and other indications that:
The technical mechanism that resides within the system:
If the cross-reference mechanism is well designed, the reader will be able to follow each cross-reference to the referenced content whether the content is presented in print or electronically.
An author working in a content management system is responsible for identifying subjects of interest that cross documents, and creating appropriate systems of cross-references to support readers who seek to understand those subjects. [13] For an individual cross-reference, an author should ensure that location and content of the target of the cross-reference are clearly identified, and the reader can easily determine how to follow the cross-reference in each medium in which publication is supported.
Content strategy practitioners (known as content strategists) specialize in planning content to meet business needs, taking into account the processes for creating and maintaining the content, and the systems that support the content.
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