| Conioscyphales | |
|---|---|
| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | |
| Division: | |
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| Order: | Conioscyphales Réblová & Seifert, Persoonia 37: 63, 2015 [1] |
| Family: | Réblová & Seifert, Persoonia 37: 63, 2015 [1] |
Conioscyphales is an order of freshwater and terrestrial fungi within the division Ascomycota. It is in the subclass Savoryellomycetidae and the class Sordariomycetes and the subdivision of Pezizomycotina. [2] [3] [4]
It only contains the monotypic family Conioscyphaceae and the monotypic genus Conioscypha (which has 18 species). [5]
It was formerly in subclass HypocreomycetidaeO.E. Erikss. & Winka 1997, [6] until 2017, when it was placed in subclass SavoryellomycetidaeHongsanan et al. [7] Although still located within class Sordariomycetes. [8] [9] [3]
The Conioscypha clade, based on molecular data, was considered as Ascomycota incertae sedis with Conioscypha and Conioscyphascus considered congeneric (Réblová and Seifert, 2004, [10] [11] Zelski et al., 2015 [12] ) with Conioscypha accepted as the recommend name under the one name protocol (Réblová et al. 2016a). [13]
In 2016, phylogenetic analyses of DNA sequences from nuclear ribosomal and protein-coding loci support the placement of several perithecial ascomycetes and dematiaceous hyphomycetes from freshwater and terrestrial environments in two monophyletic clades closely related to the Savoryellales. [13] [14] In the analysis, clade 45 represents the order Conioscyphales, which was established by Réblová et al. (2016a), [13] with a single family Conioscyphaceae. They also introduced two new species, Conioscypha aquatica and Conioscypha submersa. [2] It is a sister clade to orders Pleurotheciales and Savoryellales . [13]
Conioscypha (the sole genus in the Conioscyphales) is generally characterised by aseptate, dark brown conidia and a unique mode of blastic conidiogenesis, when conidia are born in cyathiform (in the form of a cup, a little widened at the top) to doliiform (shaped like a barrel or cask) blastic conidiogenous cells surrounded by hyaline (transparent), cup-like collarettes with a multilamellar (having (or affecting) multiple lamellae) structure (Shearer & Motta 1973). [15] [16]
It has a cosmopolitan distribution across the globe. They have been found in South America, Australia and New Zealand, [6] as well as parts of North America, Europe and Africa. [17]