Conocybe vaginata

Last updated

Conocybe vaginata
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Fungi
Division: Basidiomycota
Class: Agaricomycetes
Order: Agaricales
Family: Bolbitiaceae
Genus: Conocybe
Species:
C. vaginata
Binomial name
Conocybe vaginata
Watling (1979)
Conocybe vaginata
Information icon.svg
Gills icon.png Gills on hymenium
Conical cap icon.svgOvate cap icon.svg Cap is conical or ovate
Free gills icon2.svgAdnexed gills icon2.svg Hymenium is free or adnexed
Volva stipe icon.svg Stipe has a volva
Transparent spore print icon.svg
Spore print is brown
Saprotrophic fungus.svgEcology is saprotrophic
Mycomorphbox Question.pngEdibility is unknown

Conocybe vaginata is a species of mushroom-producing fungus in the family Bolbitiaceae. [1] [2]

Contents

Taxonomy

It was described in 1979 by the Scottish mycologist Roy Watling who classified it as Conocybe vaginata. [3]

It is notable as being one of the few Conocybe species which has a volva and subsequently was placed in Conocybe sect. Singerella along with the other volvate species. [3]

Description

Conocybe vaginata is a small volvate mushroom.

Cap: 1.4-2cm wide starting hemispherical to ovoid to campanulate before expanding with age. The hygrophanous surface is smooth, dry and very striated with a brownish or greyish beige colour. Stem: 7-7.6cm long and 1-2mm thick. The surface is white and smooth with a pubescent coating all over but no striations. It is very fragile and hollow with a swollen base that sits inside the persistent, membranous white volva. Gills: Free to adnexed, greyish beige to pale rust coloured becoming more rust brown with age. They are narrow and ventricose. Spores: (11) 11.5-12.5 (13) x 8.5-10 x 6.5-8 μm. Broadly ellipsoid and smooth with a thick wall and large germ pore. Yellow-brown in water turning red-brown in KOH. Basidia: (17.5) 20-24 x 12-15 μm. Clavate and hyaline in water or alkaline mounts. [3]

Habitat and distribution

The specimens studied by Watling were found under bamboo in Castanopsis and Araucaria woodland and on rotten wood in Castanopsis forests in New Guinea. [3]

Related Research Articles

<i>Amanita fulva</i> Species of fungus

Amanita fulva, commonly called the tawny grisette or the orange-brown ringless amanita, is a basidiomycete mushroom of the genus Amanita. It is found frequently in deciduous and coniferous forests of Europe, and possibly North America.

<i>Conocybe rugosa</i> Species of mushroom

Conocybe rugosa is a common species of mushroom that is widely distributed and especially common in the Pacific Northwest of the United States. It grows in woodchips, flowerbeds and compost. It has been found in Europe, Asia and North America. It contains the same mycotoxins as the death cap mushroom. Conocybe rugosa was originally described in the genus Pholiotina, and its morphology and a 2013 molecular phylogenetics study supported its continued classification there.

<i>Pholiotina cyanopus</i> Species of fungus

Pholiotina cyanopus is a species of fungus that contains psychoactive compounds including psilocybin and the uncommon aeruginascin. Originally described as Galerula cyanopus by American mycologist George Francis Atkinson in 1918. It was transferred to Conocybe by Robert Kühner in 1935 before being transferred to Pholiotina by Rolf Singer in 1950. A 2013 molecular phylogenetics study found it to belong to a group of species currently assigned to Pholiotina that are more closely related to Galerella nigeriensis than to Pholiotina or Conocybe. It is likely that it will be moved to a different genus in the future, but this has not happened yet.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Volva (mycology)</span> Cup-like structure at the base of a mushroom

In mycology, a volva is a cup-like structure at the base of a mushroom that is a remnant of the universal veil, or the remains of the peridium that encloses the immature fruit bodies of gasteroid fungi. This macrofeature is important in wild mushroom identification because it is an easily observed, taxonomically significant feature that frequently signifies a member of Amanitaceae. This has particular importance due to the disproportionately high number of deadly poisonous species contained within that family.

<i>Amanita arocheae</i> Species of fungus

Amanita arocheae, also known as the Latin American death cap, is a mushroom of the large genus Amanita, which occurs in Colombia, Central America and South America. Deadly poisonous, it is a member of section Phalloideae and related to the death cap, A. phalloides.

<i>Amanita vaginata</i> Species of fungus

Amanita vaginata, commonly known as the grisette or the grisette amanita, is an edible mushroom in the fungus family Amanitaceae. The cap is gray or brownish, 5 to 10 centimetres in diameter, and has furrows around the edge that duplicate the gill pattern underneath. Unlike many other Amanita mushrooms, A. vaginata lacks a ring on the stem.

<i>Psilocybe makarorae</i> Species of fungus

Psilocybe makarorae is a species of psilocybin mushroom in the family Hymenogastraceae. Officially described as new to science in 1995, it is known only from New Zealand, where it grows on rotting wood and twigs of southern beeches. The fruit body (mushroom) has a brownish cap with lighter coloured margins, measuring up to 3.5 cm (1.4 in) wide. The cap shape is either conical, bell-shaped, or flat depending on the age of the mushroom, and it features a prominent umbo. Although the whitish stem does not form a true ring, it retains remnants of the partial veil that covers and protects the gills of young fruit bodies. P. makarorae mushrooms can be distinguished from the similar North American species Psilocybe caerulipes by microscopic characteristics such as the presence of cystidia on the gill faces (pleurocystidia), and cheilocystidia with more elongated necks. Based on the bluing reaction to injury, P. makarorae is presumed to contain the psychedelic compounds psilocybin and psilocin.

<i>Amanita nothofagi</i> Species of fungus

Amanita nothofagi is a species of fungus in the family Amanitaceae. Endemic to New Zealand, the species was first described by mycologist Greta Stevenson in 1962. The fruit bodies have dark brown caps that are up to 13 cm (5.1 in) in diameter and covered with patches of soft greyish-brown scales or warts. The gills underneath the cap are crowded together, free from attachment to the stem, and white, becoming tinged with yellow in age. The stem of the mushroom is 4–14 cm (1.6–5.5 in) long by 0.5–2.5 cm (0.2–1.0 in) thick, and has a ring. The spore print is white, and individual spores are spherical to ellipsoid, measuring 7.5–9 by 7.5–9 micrometres. The mushroom may be confused with another New Zealand species, A. australis, but can be distinguished by certain characteristics. Amanita nothofagi is a mycorrhizal species, and grows in association with native New Zealand trees such as Southern Beech.

<i>Conocybe aurea</i> Species of fungus

Conocybe aurea is a basidiomycete fungus in the family Bolbitiaceae.

<i>Amanita basii</i> Species of fungus

Amanita basii is a mushroom of the family Amanitaceae.

<i>Conocybe macrospora</i> Species of fungus

Conocybe macrospora is a species of mushroom-producing fungus in the family Bolbitiaceae.

Conocybe anthuriae is a species of mushroom-producing fungus in the family Bolbitiaceae.

Conocybe volvata is a species of mushroom-producing fungus in the family Bolbitiaceae.

Conocybe volviradicata is a species of mushroom-producing fungus in the family Bolbitiaceae.

Conocybe corneri is a species of mushroom-producing fungus in the family Bolbitiaceae.

Conocybe volviornata is a species of mushroom-producing fungus in the family Bolbitiaceae.

Conocybe crispella is a species of mushroom-producing fungus in the family Bolbitiaceae.

<i>Conocybe mesospora</i> Species of fungus

Conocybe mesospora is a species of mushroom-producing fungus in the family Bolbitiaceae.

Conocybe subxerophytica is a species of mushroom-producing fungus in the family Bolbitiaceae.

Conocybe affinis is a species of mushroom-producing fungus in the family Bolbitiaceae.

References

  1. "Species fungorum – Conocybe vaginata Watling". www.speciesfungorum.org.
  2. "Mycobank Database - Conocybe vaginata".
  3. 1 2 3 4 Watling, Roy (1979). "Observations on the Bolbitiaceae XVII Volvate Species of Conocybe" (PDF). Sydowia Beihefte. 8: 401–415.