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 | |
| Abbreviation | CGMS |
|---|---|
| Formation | September 19, 1972 |
| Type | Non-binding international charter |
| Headquarters | Permanent secretariat at EUMETSAT, Darmstadt, Germany |
| Website | www |
The Coordination Group for Meteorological Satellites (CGMS) is an international organization created in 1972 [1] [2] to coordinate the satellite systems that support global operational meteorology. [3]
CGMS came into being on 19 September 1972, when representatives of the European Space Research Organisation (since 1975 the European Space Agency), Japan, the United States of America, and observers from the World Meteorological Organisation (WMO) and the Joint Planning Staff for the Global Atmospheric Research Programme, met in Washington to discuss questions of compatibility among geostationary meteorological satellites. Since the formation the mandate of CGMS has been extended to include Low Earth Orbit meteorological satellites and to cover other areas of operational space-based environmental monitoring as well as space weather observations from satellites. [4]
The objectives of CGMS are formally laid down in its charter [5]
As of 2021 CGMS has as members 14 national and intergovernmental space agencies, as well as the World Meteorological Organisation and the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission: [6]
| Organisation | Full Name | Year of Accession |
|---|---|---|
| CMA | China Meteorological Administration | 1989 |
| CNES | Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales | 2004 |
| CNSA | China National Space Administration | 2006 |
| ESA | The European Space Agency | 2003 |
| EUMETSAT | European Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites | 1987 |
| IMD | India Meteorological Department | 1979 |
| IOC-UNESCO | Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission - UNESCO | 2001 |
| ISRO | Indian Space Research Organisation | 2015 |
| JAXA | Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency | 2003 |
| JMA | Japan Meteorological Agency | 1972 |
| KMA | Korea Meteorological Administration | 2005 |
| NASA | National Aeronautics and Space Administration | 2003 |
| NOAA | National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration | 1972 |
| ROSCOSMOS | Russian Federal Space Agency | 2003 |
| ROSHYDROMET | Federal Service for Hydrometeorology and Environmental Monitoring of Russia | 1973 |
| WMO | World Meteorological Organization | 1973 |
CGMS coordinates the operational satellite systems of its members in an end-to-end fashion as required to facilitate and develop shared access to and use of satellite data and products in various application area, including operational meteorology. The activities cover:
The medium term targets of CGMS are reflected in the CGMS High-Level Priority Plan. [7] The HLPP is a rolling 5-year plan, revised annually by the CGMS plenary session.
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The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration is a Washington, D.C.–based scientific and regulatory agency within the United States Department of Commerce, a United States federal government department. The agency is charged with forecasting weather, monitoring oceanic and atmospheric conditions, charting the seas, conducting deep sea exploration, and managing fishing and protection of marine mammals and endangered species in the U.S. exclusive economic zone.
A weather satellite or meteorological satellite is a type of Earth observation satellite that is primarily used to monitor the weather and climate of the Earth. Satellites can be polar orbiting, or geostationary.
The Meteorological Office, abbreviated as the Met Office, is the United Kingdom's national weather service. It is an executive agency and trading fund of the Department for Science, Innovation and Technology and is led by CEO Penelope Endersby, who took on the role as Chief Executive in December 2018 and is the first woman to do so. The Met Office makes meteorological predictions across all timescales from weather forecasts to climate change.
The Earth Observing System (EOS) is a program of NASA comprising a series of artificial satellite missions and scientific instruments in Earth orbit designed for long-term global observations of the land surface, biosphere, atmosphere, and oceans. Since the early 1970s, NASA has been developing its Earth Observing System, launching a series of Landsat satellites in the decade. Some of the first included passive microwave imaging in 1972 through the Nimbus 5 satellite. Following the launch of various satellite missions, the conception of the program began in the late 1980s and expanded rapidly through the 1990s. Since the inception of the program, it has continued to develop, including; land, sea, radiation and atmosphere. Collected in a system known as EOSDIS, NASA uses this data in order to study the progression and changes in the biosphere of Earth. The main focus of this data collection surrounds climatic science. The program is the centrepiece of NASA's Earth Science Enterprise.
The European Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites (EUMETSAT) is an intergovernmental organisation created through an international convention agreed by a current total of 30 European Member States.
Argos is a global satellite-based system that collects, processes, and disseminates environmental data from fixed and mobile platforms around the world. The worldwide tracking and environmental monitoring system is the results from Franco-American cooperation. In addition to satellite data collection, the main feature of the Argos system is its to ability to geographically locate the data source from any location on Earth using the Doppler effect; which refers to the apparent change in the wavelength due to relative motion between its source and observer. Argos is operated by CLS/Argos, based in Toulouse, France, and its United States subsidiary, CLS America.
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The European Union Space Programme is an EU funding programme established in 2021 along with its managing agency, the European Union Agency for the Space Programme, in order to implement the pre-existing European Space Policy established on 22 May 2007 when a joint and concomitant meeting at the ministerial level of the Council of the European Union and the Council of the European Space Agency, known collectively as the European Space Council, adopted a Resolution on the European Space Policy. The policy had been jointly drafted by the European Commission and the Director General of the European Space Agency. This was the first common political framework for space activities established by the European Union (EU).
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