Court of First Instance (Hong Kong)

Last updated

Court of First Instance
High Court Building Drop off area 2017.jpg
Entrance of the High Court
Court of First Instance (Hong Kong)
22°16′41.38″N114°9′47.23″E / 22.2781611°N 114.1631194°E / 22.2781611; 114.1631194
Established1976 (as High Court of Justice)
1997 (renamed Court of First Instance)
Jurisdiction Hong Kong
Location38 Queensway, Admiralty, Hong Kong
Coordinates 22°16′41.38″N114°9′47.23″E / 22.2781611°N 114.1631194°E / 22.2781611; 114.1631194
Authorised by Hong Kong Basic Law
Appeals to Court of Appeal
Website Official website
Chief Judge of the High Court

The Court of First Instance exercises its supervisory jurisdiction over inferior courts and administrative bodies through judicial review. [4] All applications for judicial review originate from the Court of First Instance, where an applicant must seek leave to apply for judicial review from a judge of the Court of First Instance, typically the judge in charge of the Constitutional and Administrative Law List.

Proceedings

Proceedings in the Court of First Instance are generally held before a single judge, though the court may sit as a panel of two or three judges. [5]

Language

Trials and proceedings in the Court of First Instance may be conducted in English or Chinese (but not both at the same time), reflecting the co-equal status of Hong Kong's two official languages. Parties may request that proceedings take place in Chinese, and a bilingual judge may be arranged to hear the case. While most judges are proficient in both languages, most proceedings are in practice conducted in English, with witnesses often giving evidence in Cantonese, which is then translated into English by a court interpreter. [6]

Jury trials

The Court of First Instance is the only court in Hong Kong where cases are tried by a judge with a jury (although inquests in the Coroner's Court may involve a jury). The Basic Law [7] only maintains 'the trial by jury previously practised in Hong Kong' but it does not make jury trial an absolute right. In the case of Chiang Lily v Secretary for Justice, [8] the court confirmed that "there does not exist, in Hong Kong, any absolute right to trial by jury nor any mechanism by which a person to be tried of an indictable offence may elect to be so tried" (per Wright J.). A defendant will only face a jury trial if he is tried in the Court of First Instance, and the decision is the prerogative of the Secretary for Justice.

Judges

Judges of the Court of First Instance are commonly known as High Court judges and are formally styled "the Honourable Mr/Madam Justice (Forename) Surname", shortened to "Surname J" in writing. As many judges now have the same surname, judicial titles now often include a judge's forename or his or her initials. In court, High Court judges are addressed as "My Lord" or "My Lady", regardless of whether they are full-time judges, part-time Recorders or Deputy High Court Judges.

In addition to full-time judges, part-time judges, who are typically drawn from the ranks of senior barristers and retired judges, are appointed to sit on the Court of First Instance. Recorders are appointed to sit for a few weeks every year for a term of 3 years, while Deputy High Court Judges are appointed to sit in a more ad hoc manner. The Court of First Instance is the highest court in Hong Kong that provides for the appointment of part-time judges, save for the non-permanent judges of the Court of Final Appeal. Masters (Chinese :聆案官), who are full-time judicial officers, exercise part of the case-management powers of a High Court judge and assist in the taxation of costs.

High Court judges rank below the Justices of Appeal and above District Court judges. The court and ceremonial dress of High Court judges has remained unchanged since the British era, and are similar to how High Court judges in England and Wales dressed before the reforms of 2008. In civil cases, High Court judges typically wear a black gown over a white shirt with a wing collar or collarette, bands, a court waistcoat, and a short horsehair wig, similar to how barristers dress in court, and wear business attire when sitting in chambers; when hearing criminal cases, they will wear a red-and-black gown with a wing collar or collarette with bands. On ceremonial occasions, High Court judges wear a red robe with a grey hood, a jabot instead of bands, a full-bottomed wig, with breeches and buckled shoes.

Appointments to the Court of First Instance are made by the Chief Executive acting on the recommendation of the Judicial Officers Recommendation Commission, and appointees must have practiced law as a lawyer or judge for at least 10 years. Although both barristers and solicitors are both eligible for appointment, the vast majority of judges are drawn from the barristers' branch of the profession, with very few former solicitors on the bench. [9]

See also

References

  1. 1 2 "Article 81 of the Basic Law of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China". hklii.hk. Archived from the original on 24 January 2015. Retrieved 24 January 2015.
  2. tanner (11 December 2018). "Legal update: New claim values for District Court and Small Claims Tribunal in effect". Tanner De Witt Solicitors, Law Firm Hong Kong. Retrieved 30 June 2025.
  3. 1 2 "Supreme Court Ordinance 1975 (Ordinance No. 92 of 1975)". www.elegislation.gov.hk. 19 December 1975. Retrieved 30 June 2025.
  4. "Judicial review | Community Legal Information Centre (CLIC)". www.clic.org.hk. Retrieved 30 June 2025.
  5. "Judgment". legalref.judiciary.hk. Retrieved 30 June 2025.
  6. Legislative Council of Hong Kong. "Use of Official Languages for Conducting Court Proceedings" (PDF). www.legco.gov.hk.
  7. "Article 86 of the Basic Law of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China". Hong Kong Legal Information Institute. Archived from the original on 7 April 2022. Retrieved 24 January 2015.
  8. "Chiang Lily v Secretary for Justice [2008 HCAL 42/2008 (9 February 2009)]". hklii.hk. Retrieved 21 November 2012.
  9. Law Society of Hong Kong (18 May 2012). "Judicial Manpower Situation: Submissions to the Panel on Administration of Justice and Legal Services" (PDF). www.hklawsoc.org.hk.
Court of First Instance
Traditional Chinese 香港特別行政區高等法院原訟法庭
Simplified Chinese 香港特别行政区高等法院原讼法庭
Transcriptions
Standard Mandarin
Hanyu Pinyin Xiānggǎng Tèbiéxíngzhèngqū Gāoděngfǎyuàn Yuán Sòng Fǎtíng
Yue: Cantonese
Jyutping hoeng1 gong2 dak6 bit6 hang4 zing3 keoi1 gou1 dang2 faat3 jyun6*2 jyun4 zung6 faat3 ting4