Covanta Hempstead

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Covanta Hempstead
Covanta Hempstead 2021b.jpg
The Covanta Hempstead plant towers over the Meadowbrook State Parkway in 2021
Covanta Hempstead
CountryUnited States
Location Uniondale, New York
Coordinates 40°44′20″N73°35′24″W / 40.73889°N 73.59000°W / 40.73889; -73.59000
StatusOperational
Construction began ()
Commission date 1989;35 years ago (1989)
Operator(s) Covanta
Power generation
Nameplate capacity 78.6 MW
Annual net output 593.7 GW·h
External links
Website Official website
[ edit on Wikidata]

Covanta Hempstead is a waste-to-energy plant in Uniondale, New York operated by Covanta. It is the tallest structure in Nassau County, and the fourth largest power generation facility on Long Island by net energy generated.

Contents

The original plant on the site opened in 1979 on land formerly part of Mitchel Air Force Base. It used an untested wet refuse-derived fuel process, and operated only for about a year before it was shut down due to mechanical failures, labor and payment disputes, unpleasant odors that could be smelled two miles (3.2 km) away, and concerns about toxic dioxin emissions.

After the original operator defaulted on its bonds, the plant was sold, demolished, and rebuilt as a new plant using a traditional dry process, opening in 1989.

Description

Covanta Hempstead is the fourth largest power generation facility on Long Island by net energy generated in 2020, behind Northport Power Station, Caithness Long Island Energy Center, and E. F. Barrett Power Station. However, it ranks thirteenth on Long Island by nameplate capacity. It consists of a single waste-to-energy unit. [1] It is operated by Covanta, and the electricity generated at the plant is distributed across Long Island via the Long Island Power Authority's electrical transmission network. [2] [3]

Its 382-foot (116 m) [4] smokestack is the tallest structure in Nassau County, and among the tallest on Long Island. [5] It is a easily visible from the Meadowbrook State Parkway, which passes directly in front of it. [6] [7]

The facility has contracts with the Town of Hempstead, the Village of Garden City, and the Town of North Hempstead to incinerate their municipal solid waste. As of 2022, the plant produces 500–750 tons of incinerator bottom ash and fly ash each day, which is taken to the Town of Brookhaven landfill in North Bellport, New York. [6] [7]

History

Background

In the early and mid-20th century, the land was the northeasternmost portion of Mitchel Air Force Base. It was cut off from the rest of the base by construction of the Meadowbrook State Parkway in the 1950s. [8]

Beginning in 1967, the land was occupied by Topic House, a county-run drug rehabilitation center. [9] Topic House was relocated to Plainview, New York, in 1978, [10] and closed in 2003. [11]

Original plant

The Hempstead Resource Recovery Plant in or before 1982 Hempstead Resource Recovery Plant.png
The Hempstead Resource Recovery Plant in or before 1982

The first waste-to-energy plant on the site was the Hempstead Resource Recovery Plant. Al D'Amato, then Hempstead Town Supervisor and later U.S. Senator, was the driving force in getting it built. He was impressed by a demonstration project in Franklin, Ohio, by paper mill company Parsons & Whittemore. [12] The design used a unique wet refuse-derived fuel process that mixed garbage with water and sent it through a hydropulper and a centrifuge to produce a paper-like fuel, with heavier components such as metals and glass being separated and recovered. [13] [14] It was the first operating plant built to use this process, and the first full-size plant built by the firm. [13]

Construction was completed in August 1978, and the plant began operation in early 1979. [14] [15] It had two smokestacks that were 196 feet (60 m) high. [12] However, the technology was untested, and the plant suffered from mechanical failures and emitted an unpleasant odor that was unbearable even two miles away, and reportedly caused shoppers at a nearby mall to vomit. [12] [16] In June 1979, employees went on strike due to the odor and other issues relating to poor working conditions. [14] Another strike occurred that August. [16]

Parsons & Whittemore suspended the plant's operations in March 1980 as part of a dispute with the Town of Hempstead over the installation of odor-reducing equipment and the payment of fees. [13] [17] The following month, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) reported that traces of dioxins had been found in its emissions, for which it had not yet set permissible levels, preventing the plant from reopening. [12] [18] By 1982, EPA issued a memorandum on dioxin emissions, and discussions were underway to reopen the plant. [15] However, Parsons & Whittemore defaulted on its bonds in 1983, and the decision was made to sell the plant to another operator and modify it from a wet to a dry process. [19] Ultimately, the plant was demolished in 1987. [12] [18]

Current plant

Side view of the plant in 2021 Covanta Hempstead 2021c.jpg
Side view of the plant in 2021

Construction of the new plant was motivated by a 1990 deadline by the New York Department of Environmental Conservation to close town landfills due to their threat to groundwater, the source of Long Island's drinking water. [18] American Ref-Fuel won the contract to convert the plant to use a traditional dry process. [19] The plant began operation in September 1989. [20] American Ref-Fuel also opened a plant in Babylon in 1989, and in Huntington in 1991. In 2005, American Ref-Fuel was sold to Covanta. [4]

The plant smokestack's status as the tallest structure in Nassau County was called "ridiculous" in 2006 by then-Nassau County Executive Thomas Suozzi, an advocate for increased development in the vicinity such as The Lighthouse Project. [5]

Controversies

In 2013, a whistleblower case was filed by a former employee, Patrick Fahey, who stated that Covanta had failed to properly store and treat ash before disposal since 2006, in violation of federal and state environmental laws and potentially exposing the surrounding community to hazardous substances. Covanta denied the allegations, and LIPA, the Village of Garden City and the Town of Hempstead all declined involvement in the lawsuit, with Garden City stating that the whistleblower suit is without merit, and preferring to settle with Covanta. [6] [7]

In 2022, workers at nearby New York TRACON had complained about ash from the plant damaging their cars; this and other concerns led the Federal Aviation Administration to engage the Occupational Safety and Health Administration and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention about potential impacts to worker health. [6]

In 2024, the New York Department of Environmental Conservation (NYSDEC) found Covanta to be in violation of environmental state law after a multi-year investigation into ash management activities prompted by complaints from the Brookhaven Landfill Action and Remediation Group (BLARG). [21] [22] [23] NYSDEC completed its review of documents submitted by Jenner & Block LLP related to the management of ash residue at Covanta Hempstead. These documents included Covanta's engineering calculations, instructions to the crane operator, residue/ash truck tracking log sheets, ash management plans, ash testing results, and various e-mail correspondence provided by the Covanta Hempstead’s attorney as well as DEC’s historical files. [22] It was noted that the ash sent out to the Ash Residue Management Plan (“ARMP”) for sampling and analysis was not representative of all ash sent out for disposal, and that the ash was in fact in violation of ash handling practices, posing toxic environmental threats to the Long Island community. [22]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Incineration</span> Waste treatment process

Incineration is a waste treatment process that involves the combustion of substances contained in waste materials. Industrial plants for waste incineration are commonly referred to as waste-to-energy facilities. Incineration and other high-temperature waste treatment systems are described as "thermal treatment". Incineration of waste materials converts the waste into ash, flue gas and heat. The ash is mostly formed by the inorganic constituents of the waste and may take the form of solid lumps or particulates carried by the flue gas. The flue gases must be cleaned of gaseous and particulate pollutants before they are dispersed into the atmosphere. In some cases, the heat that is generated by incineration can be used to generate electric power.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Gasification</span> Form of energy conversion

Gasification is a process that converts biomass- or fossil fuel-based carbonaceous materials into gases, including as the largest fractions: nitrogen (N2), carbon monoxide (CO), hydrogen (H2), and carbon dioxide (CO2). This is achieved by reacting the feedstock material at high temperatures (typically >700 °C), without combustion, via controlling the amount of oxygen and/or steam present in the reaction. The resulting gas mixture is called syngas (from synthesis gas) or producer gas and is itself a fuel due to the flammability of the H2 and CO of which the gas is largely composed. Power can be derived from the subsequent combustion of the resultant gas, and is considered to be a source of renewable energy if the gasified compounds were obtained from biomass feedstock.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Waste-to-energy plant</span> Building that incinerates unusable garbage

A waste-to-energy plant is a waste management facility that combusts wastes to produce electricity. This type of power plant is sometimes called a trash-to-energy, municipal waste incineration, energy recovery, or resource recovery plant.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Municipal solid waste</span> Type of waste consisting of everyday items discarded by the public

Municipal solid waste (MSW), commonly known as trash or garbage in the United States and rubbish in Britain, is a waste type consisting of everyday items that are discarded by the public. "Garbage" can also refer specifically to food waste, as in a garbage disposal; the two are sometimes collected separately. In the European Union, the semantic definition is 'mixed municipal waste,' given waste code 20 03 01 in the European Waste Catalog. Although the waste may originate from a number of sources that has nothing to do with a municipality, the traditional role of municipalities in collecting and managing these kinds of waste have produced the particular etymology 'municipal.'

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Long Island Power Authority</span> Municipal subdivision of New York, US

Long Island Power Authority is a municipal subdivision of the State of New York that owns the electric transmission and electric distribution system serving all of Long Island and a portion of New York City known as the Rockaways. LIPA was originally created under the Long Island Power Act of 1985 to acquire the Long Island Lighting Company (LILCO)'s electric and natural gas infrastructure after the cancellation of the Shoreham Nuclear Power Plant. LIPA acquired LILCO's transmission system in May 1998, while the remainder of LILCO's natural gas-related infrastructure merged with Brooklyn Union Gas to form KeySpan Energy.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Waste-to-energy</span> Process of generating energy from the primary treatment of waste

Waste-to-energy (WtE) or energy-from-waste (EfW) is the process of generating energy in the form of electricity and/or heat from the primary treatment of waste, or the processing of waste into a fuel source. WtE is a form of energy recovery. Most WtE processes generate electricity and/or heat directly through combustion, or produce a combustible fuel commodity, such as methane, methanol, ethanol or synthetic fuels, often derived from the product syngas.

Changing World Technologies (CWT), a privately held synthetic fuel company, was founded in August 1997 by Brian S. Appel, who also served as chief executive officer of CWT and its subsidiaries. Through Mr. Appel's technology company, CWT was granted a license to operate. CWT was started primarily to develop and commercialize the thermal depolymerization technology, now referred to by the company as "thermal conversion process" or TCP. The process produces renewable diesel fuel oil (RDO) from agricultural wastes including fats, oils, and greases (FOG); dissolved air flotations (DAF); waste greases; offal; animal carcasses; and other organic-rich wastes.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Biodegradable waste</span> Organic matter that can be broken down

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Plasma gasification is an extreme thermal process using plasma which converts organic matter into a syngas which is primarily made up of hydrogen and carbon monoxide. A plasma torch powered by an electric arc is used to ionize gas and catalyze organic matter into syngas, with slag remaining as a byproduct. It is used commercially as a form of waste treatment, and has been tested for the gasification of refuse-derived fuel, biomass, industrial waste, hazardous waste, and solid hydrocarbons, such as coal, oil sands, petcoke and oil shale.

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Covanta Holding Corporation is a private energy-from-waste and industrial waste management services company headquartered in Morristown, New Jersey. Most of its revenue comes from operating incineration facilities that serve a secondary purpose as power plants that burn trash as fuel. Covanta charges a fee for waste disposal, sells electricity produced in the process, and recovers metal for recycling.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tire-derived fuel</span>

Tire-derived fuel (TDF) is composed of shredded scrap tires. Tires may be mixed with coal or other fuels, such as wood or chemical wastes, to be burned in concrete kilns, power plants, or paper mills. An EPA test program concluded that, with the exception of zinc emissions, potential emissions from TDF are not expected to be very much different from other conventional fossil fuels, as long as combustion occurs in a well-designed, well-operated and well-maintained combustion device.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Environmental effects of paper</span> Overview about the environmental effects of the paper production industry

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ash pond</span> Coal plant disposal structure

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">New York City waste management system</span> New York Citys refuse removal system

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Delaware Valley Resource Recovery Facility</span> Trash incineration plant in Chester, Pennsylvania, USA

The Delaware Valley Resource Recovery Facility is a trash incineration plant located in Chester, Pennsylvania. The waste-to-energy plant, which incinerates waste to generate power, was built and operated by Westinghouse from 1991 to 1997. It is currently operated by Covanta. a Morristown, New Jersey-based publicly traded industrial waste company, and has been criticized for the level of pollution it produces. The plant has the largest capacity of any waste-to-energy plant in the United States.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">E. F. Barrett Power Station</span> Power plant on Long Island, New York

The E. F. Barrett Power Station is a power plant in Nassau County, New York, United States. The main plant is in Barnum Island, with outlying facilities in neighboring Island Park and Oceanside. It is operated by National Grid USA.

The Brookhaven Landfill Action and Remediation Group (BLARG) is a grassroots environmental justice organization that is seeking to close and clean up the toxic 140-acre Brookhaven Landfill (1974 - present). BLARG's mission is to support direct efforts to attain environmental justice in the North Bellport community through the implementation of local and regional waste plans that are equitable, sustainable, measurable, and public.

References

  1. ↑ "Gold Book: 2021 Load & Capacity Data". New York Independent System Operator. 2021-04-01. pp. 77–99. Archived from the original on 2022-03-08. Retrieved 2022-03-22.
  2. ↑ "United States - Maps - U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA)". U.S. Energy Information Administration. Archived from the original on 2021-11-24. Retrieved 2021-11-30.
  3. ↑ "Electricity Data Browser". U.S. Energy Information Administration. Archived from the original on 2023-01-17. Retrieved 2021-12-02.
  4. 1 2 Solnik, Claude (2005-02-04). "American Ref-Fuel to be sold for $2 billion". Long Island Business News. Retrieved 2023-04-08.
  5. 1 2 Vitello, Paul (2006-01-09). "Trying to Redesign the Paved and Low-Rise Core of Nassau". The New York Times. ISSN   0362-4331. Archived from the original on 2023-04-14. Retrieved 2023-04-08.
  6. 1 2 3 4 Corr, Jennifer (2022-04-29). "Garden City, Town Of Hempstead Want To Settle Covanta Case Alleging Untreated Ash Dumping". Garden City Life. Archived from the original on 2023-04-08. Retrieved 2023-04-08.
  7. 1 2 3 Corr, Jennifer (2022-05-13). "The Implications Of The Covanta Hempstead Case That Expands Beyond County Lines". Garden City Life. Archived from the original on 2023-04-08. Retrieved 2023-04-08.
  8. ↑ "Mitchel Air Force Base, Hempstead, New York (D-N.Y.-567): Maps and reports, 1961-1963". JFK Library. 1963. p. 270. Archived from the original on 2023-03-10. Retrieved 2023-03-10.
  9. ↑ "Town clears way for recycling plant". Newsday. 1976-05-12. p. 17. Archived from the original on 2023-03-10. Retrieved 2023-03-10– via Newspapers.com.
  10. ↑ Kennedy, Shawn G. (1978-05-28). "Drug-Rehabilitation Center's Planned Move to Plainview Complex Drawing Community Opposition". The New York Times. ISSN   0362-4331. Archived from the original on 2023-03-10. Retrieved 2023-03-10.
  11. ↑ "US NY: Nassau To Shut 2 Rehab Centers". Media Awareness Project. Archived from the original on 2023-03-10. Retrieved 2023-03-10.
  12. 1 2 3 4 5 McIntyre, Mark (1987-12-20). "Hempstead strikes a deal in a hurry". Newsday. pp. 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7. Archived from the original on 2023-08-14. Retrieved 2023-08-14– via Newspapers.com.
  13. 1 2 3 Kessler, Robert E. (1980-09-25). "Setbacks haunt recycling plant". Newsday. Archived from the original on 2023-08-14. Retrieved 2023-08-14– via Newspapers.com.
  14. 1 2 3 Stoller, Paul J.; Niessen, Walter R. (2009-01-01). "Lessons Learned from the 1970s Experiments in Solid Waste Conversion Technologies" (PDF). Proceedings of the 17th Annual North American Waste-to-Energy Conference. 17th Annual North American Waste-to-Energy Conference. pp. 121–135. doi:10.1115/NAWTEC17-2348. ISBN   978-0-7918-4880-7. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2023-08-19. Retrieved 2023-08-19.
  15. 1 2 "In the Matter of the Petition of Parsons & Whittemore Incorporated for Redetermination of a Deficiency or for Refund of Corporation Franchise Tax under Article 9-A of the Tax Law for the Years 1978, 1979, 1980 and 1981" (PDF). State of New York Tax Appeals Tribunal. 1991-10-03. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2023-05-13. Retrieved 2023-08-18.
  16. 1 2 McNeil Jr., Donald G. (1979-09-08). "Health Hazards Beset Hempstead Trash-Fired Plant". The New York Times. Retrieved 2023-08-19.
  17. ↑ Ain, Stewart (1980-03-11). "Rift widens in disposal plant shutdown". New York Daily News. Archived from the original on 2023-08-14. Retrieved 2023-08-14– via Newspapers.com.
  18. 1 2 3 "Idle trash plant blown up to clear site for incinerator". The New York Times. 1987-03-30. p. B2. ISSN   0362-4331. Archived from the original on 2023-04-08. Retrieved 2023-04-08.
  19. 1 2 Bernstein, James (1984-05-22). "Summer decision seen on trash plant change". Newsday. Archived from the original on 2023-08-19. Retrieved 2023-08-19– via Newspapers.com.
  20. ↑ Nagourney, Eric (1989-09-13). "Test set for Hempstead incinerator". Newday. Retrieved 2023-08-18– via Newspapers.com.
  21. ↑ LaRocco, Paul (2024-02-28). "Covanta Hempstead violated state environmental law, DEC probe finds". Newsday. Retrieved 2024-02-29.
  22. 1 2 3 New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (February 27, 2024). "Investigative Review and Findings: Ash Management at Covanta Hempstead Resource Recovery Facility" (PDF).
  23. ↑ LaRocco, Paul (2023-10-10). "Brookhaven landfill critics call for attorney general to probe ash disposal". Newsday. Retrieved 2024-02-29.
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