| Craugastor rayo | |
|---|---|
Scientific classification  | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Amphibia |
| Order: | Anura |
| Family: | Craugastoridae |
| Genus: | Craugastor |
| Species: | C. rayo |
| Binomial name | |
| Craugastor rayo (Savage and DeWeese, 1979) | |
| Synonyms [2] | |
Eleutherodactylus rayoSavage and DeWeese, 1979 [3] | |
Craugastor rayo, also known as the Sabana robber frog, is a species of frog in the family Craugastoridae. It is endemic to the Cordillera de Talamanca, Costa Rica. [2] [4]
The specific name rayo is an "arbitrary combination of letters that happens to mean lightning in Spanish". However, it also is an allusion to Roy Wallace McDiarmid, collector of the holotype, recognizing his contributions to studying the Costa Rican herpetofauna. [3]
Adult males measure 37–45 mm (1.5–1.8 in) and females 38–71 mm (1.5–2.8 in) in snout–vent length. The fingers have well-developed lateral fringes whereas the toes are basally webbed. The base color is deep bluish purple in males and slightly lighter and tending toward tan in females. Dorsal patterning is variable and may involve blotches or a mid-dorsal stripe, while some individuals are uniform in color. Limbs may be uniform or have dark, broad crossbars. [3]
Its natural habitats are stream margins in upper premontane wet forests and rainforests and in lower montane rainforests at elevations of 1,480–1,820 m (4,860–5,970 ft) [1] or 1,600–1,850 m (5,250–6,070 ft) above sea level. [2] It is threatened by habitat loss, and possibly, chytridiomycosis. [1]
Atelopus chiriquiensis, the Chiriqui harlequin frog or Lewis' stubfoot toad, is an extinct species of toad in the family Bufonidae that was found in the Cordillera de Talamanca in Costa Rica and western Panama. Its natural habitats were stream margins in lower montane wet forests and rainforests. Its elevational range was 1,400–2,500 m (4,600–8,200 ft) asl.
Atelopus senex is an extinct species of toad in the family Bufonidae. It was endemic to Costa Rica and known from the Cordillera Central and Cordillera de Talamanca at elevations of 1,100–2,200 m (3,600–7,200 ft) asl.
Incilius melanochlorus, formerly Bufo melanochlorus, is a mid-sized species of toad with a crested head in the family Bufonidae. It is primarily distinguished by its very long first finger with respect to the other fingers. It is found in southern Nicaragua, in the northern Cordillera Central and on the Atlantic slopes of eastern Costa Rica, and in western Panama.
Sachatamia ilex is a species of frog in the family Centrolenidae. It is found in eastern Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama, western Colombia, and western Ecuador. The common name Limon giant glass frog has been coined for this species, apparently in reference to its type locality in the canton of Limón, Costa Rica, and it is also known as Holly's glassfrog and the ghost glass frog.
Cochranella euknemos, sometimes known as the San Jose Cochran frog, is a species of frog in the family Centrolenidae. It is found in central Costa Rica and south/eastward to Panama and to the western flank of the Cordillera Occidental in Colombia. Some Colombian records might apply to Cochranella mache.
Isthmohyla calypsa is a species of frogs in the family Hylidae. It is known from the southern Cordillera de Talamanca in Costa Rica, Cerro Pando in Costa Rica and Panama, and the Pacific slope in southwestern Panama. It appears to now be extirpated from Costa Rica. Prior to its description in 1996, this species was confused with Isthmohyla lancasteri, a species now known from lower altitudes only.
Isthmohyla debilis is a rare species of frog in the family Hylidae. It occurs in the Atlantic slopes of the Cordillera Central and Cordillera Talamanca in Costa Rica and western Panama as well as on the Pacific slopes in southwestern Panama. Common name Isla Bonita treefrog has been suggested for it.
Isthmohyla lancasteri is a species of frog in the family Hylidae. It is endemic to humid premontane slopes of the Cordillera de Talamanca in Costa Rica and western Panama.
Isthmohyla rivularis is a rare species of frog in the family Hylidae. It occurs in the cordilleras of Tilarán, Central, and Talamanca in Costa Rica as well as adjacent western Panama. The species was thought to already have become extinct, but in 2007, it was re-discovered in the Monteverde Cloud Forest of Costa Rica when a single male was found. In 2008, a gravid female and few males were spotted. The common name American Cinchona Plantation treefrog has been suggested for it.
Craugastor andi is a species of rain frog in the family Craugastoridae which has not been seen since 1990. It is found in the Caribbean drainage of Costa Rica in the mountains and hills of the Cordillera Central and the far northeastern Cordillera de Talamanca, and in extreme northwestern Panama. Frank and Ramus (1995) give it the vernacular name Atlantic robber frog. It is known locally in Spanish by the generic names, used for many species, of rana de hojarasca, ranita or sapito.
Craugastor catalinae is a species of frogs in the family Craugastoridae. It is found in the Río Cotón drainage in the Pacific southwestern Costa Rica and on the Pacific slopes of Volcán Barú, western Panama. The specific name catalinae, rather obliquely, honors Karen R. Lips: Spanish name "Catalina" corresponds to Danish name "Karen". Lips collected a part of the type series and has "contributed substantially to our knowledge of the Río Cotón drainage herpetofauna and the declining amphibian populations problem in lower Central America."
Craugastor chrysozetetes is a possibly extinct species of frog in the family Craugastoridae. It is endemic to Honduras where it is only known from near its type locality on the Cerro Búfalo, Cordillera de Nombre de Dios, at the edge of the Pico Bonito National Park. Common name McCranie's robber frog has been coined for this species. However, James McCranie himself has argued that this name "should be rejected in favor of a name associated with the type locality instead of a name tied to one of the three authors who named this species".
Craugastor fleischmanni is a species of frog in the family Craugastoridae. It is endemic to Costa Rica where it has been found on the Meseta Central Oriental and Occidental, the Pacific slopes of the Barva and Poás Volcanos, the Atlantic slopes of the Irazú and Turrialba Volcanos, and on the Cordillera de Talamanca. Common name Fleischmann's robber frog has been suggested for this species.
Craugastor mimus is a species of frog in the family Craugastoridae. It is found in lowland and premontane forests on the Atlantic versant from eastern Honduras through eastern Nicaragua to central Costa Rica. Its natural habitat is lowland and premontane moist and wet forests. It is threatened by habitat loss.
Craugastor persimilis is a species of frog in the family Craugastoridae. It is found in the lowlands and premontane Atlantic slopes of central to southeastern Costa Rica. Its natural habitats are lowland and premontane moist rainforest. It lives in leaf-litter and can persist in moderately disturbed areas, including plantations. It is an adaptable species that is not considered threatened, despite severe habitat fragmentation within its range.
Craugastor phasma is a species of frog in the family Craugastoridae. It is endemic to southeastern Costa Rica and only known from its type locality in the Las Tablas protected area in the Puntarenas Province, near the Panamanian border. Only a single individual—the holotype collected in 1992—has ever been observed. It is unusual in its ghost-like, gray-white coloration, and it was initially thought that the specimen was an albino form of some other species. However, the specimen is also morphologically distinct, although some uncertainty regarding the validity of this species remains.
Craugastor rhyacobatrachus is a species of frogs in the family Craugastoridae. It is found in the Pacific slopes of the Talamanca-Barú Massif of Costa Rica and western Panama. The specific name rhyacobatrachus is derived from Greek batrachos and rhyaco ("torrent"), in reference to the torrential streams that this species inhabits.
Craugastor talamancae is a species of frog in the family Craugastoridae. It is found in the Atlantic versant of Panama, Costa Rica, and southeastern Nicaragua. Common name Almirante robber frog has been proposed for it.
Craugastor taurus is a species of frog in the family Craugastoridae. It is found in the Golfo Dulce region of southern Costa Rica and adjacent western Panama. It is sometimes known as the Golfito robber frog.
Pristimantis altae, also known as mountain robber frog, is a species of rain frog in the family Strabomantidae with a bright coral-coloured groin. It is found in Costa Rica and Panama.
