Crinigera

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Crinigera
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Fungi
Division:
Ascomycota
Class:
Pezizomycotina incertae sedis
Order:
Incertae sedis
Family:
Incertae sedis
Genus:
Crinigera

I. Schmidt
Type species
Crinigera maritima
Synonyms

Crinigera maritima I. Schmidt, Natur Naturschutz Mecklenberg7(1): 11 (1969)

Contents

Crinigera is a genus of fungi in the division Ascomycota. The relationship of this taxon to other taxa within the phylum is unknown ( incertae sedis ), and it has not yet been placed with certainty into any class, order, or family. [1] This is a monotypic genus, containing the single species Crinigera maritima. Crinigera maritima is a marine ascomycota fungus species with characteristic appendaged cleistothecia and ascospores that cling onto substrates of wood, algae, or sand. It is found in the mesohaline zone [2] of many different coastal countries. It has been mistaken for a new fungal species Dryosphaera navigans and has yet to be assigned to a class, order, or family.

Taxonomy

Crinigera maritima was first described by I. Schmidt in 1969, [3] who suspected the species belongs to either the Plectascales or Erysiphales families. There is ongoing debate of the classification beyond the subphylum level. After re-examination Crinigera maritima type material, Koch and Jones concluded that Schmidt described two different species to be Crinigera maritima. [4] They renamed Crinigera maritima Schmidt-paratype 214 to Dryosphaera navigans. [5]


Description

The globose, light brown cleistothecial ascocarp [3] is 310-324 μm with a 30-36 μm subiculum that attaches to the substrate. [6] The cleistothecia have branched short appendages, a defining characteristic. [3] Thick walled asci and paraphyses (1) make up the hymenium. The two-celled, cylindrical ascospores have appendages that have been described as hair-like. [3]

Habitat and distribution

This species was initially found growing on Fucus vesiculosus [3] (commonly known as bladder wrack algae) in the Baltic Sea. Ascocarps have been observed growing on driftwood, [7] sand, [8] and algae. [3] Crinigera maritima has also been found in Japan, [6] Denmark, [3] Sri Lanka, [9] Seychelles, [10] Brunei, [11] Brazil, [12] and on the west coast of India. [7] It is an obligate marine fungus. [2]

Ecology

A study in India about fungi that grow on driftwood observed Crinigera maritima as the highest frequency of occurrence (61.4%) compared to other common marine fungi in that region. [13] Another study in India looked at 3327 wood samples and discovered Crinigera maritima in the top five most frequent fungi (10% appearance). [14] The appendages of the ascospores and cleistothecia allow for strong attachment to the substrate. [3]

See also

References

  1. ↑ Lumbsch TH, Huhndorf SM. (December 2007). "Outline of Ascomycota – 2007". Myconet. 13. Chicago, USA: The Field Museum, Department of Botany: 1–58. Archived from the original on 2009-03-18.
  2. 1 2 Tibell, Sanja; Tibell, Leif; Pang, Ka-Lai; Calabon, Mark; Jones, E. B. Gareth (2020-07-02). "Marine fungi of the Baltic Sea". Mycology. 11 (3): 195–213. doi:10.1080/21501203.2020.1729886. ISSN   2150-1203. PMC   7534365 . PMID   33062382.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Gareth Jones, E.B.; Moss, S.T.; Koch, J. (June 1980). "Light and scanning electron microscope observations of the marine ascomycete Crinigera maritima" . Transactions of the British Mycological Society. 74 (3): 625–631. doi:10.1016/S0007-1536(80)80065-9.
  4. ↑ Kohlmeyer, Jan; Volkmann-Kohlmeyer, Brigitte (1993-07-01). "A new marine Dryosphaera (Ascomycotina) from the tropics" . Canadian Journal of Botany (in French). 71 (7): 992–995. doi:10.1139/b93-113. ISSN   0008-4026.
  5. ↑ Sundari, R.; Vikineswary, S.; Yusoff, M.; Jones, E. B. G. (1996). "Observations on Tropical Arenicolous Marine Fungi on Driftwood from Malaysia and Singapore" . Botanica Marina. 39 (1–6). doi:10.1515/botm.1996.39.1-6.327. ISSN   0006-8055. S2CID   84650041.
  6. 1 2 Koch, J.; Jones, E. B. Gareth (1989-04-01). "The identity of Crinigera maritima and three new genera of marine cleistothecial ascomycetes" . Canadian Journal of Botany (in French). 67 (4): 1183–1197. doi:10.1139/b89-154. ISSN   0008-4026.
  7. 1 2 Prasannari, K.; Sridhar, K.R. (1997). "Effect of incubation period of driftwood on the occurrence of marine fungi". Indian Journal of Marine Sciences. 26: 380–38.
  8. ↑ Tokura, R. (1984-01-01). "Sand-inhabiting Marine Fungi from Japanese Beaches" . Botanica Marina. 27 (12): 567–570. doi:10.1515/botm.1984.27.12.567. ISSN   1437-4323. S2CID   84961309.
  9. ↑ Koch, Jørgen (April 1982). "Some lignicolous marine fungi from Sri Lanka" . Nordic Journal of Botany. 2 (2): 163–169. doi:10.1111/j.1756-1051.1982.tb01177.x. ISSN   0107-055X.
  10. ↑ Hyde, K. D.; Jones, E. B. G. (July 1989). "Ecological observations on marine fungi from the Seychelles" . Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 100 (3): 237–254. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.1989.tb01720.x.
  11. ↑ Hyde, K. D. (1988). "Studies on the tropical marine fungi of Brunei" . Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society. 98 (2): 135–151. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.1988.tb01700.x . Retrieved 2022-05-08.
  12. ↑ Booth, Tom (1983-02-01). "Lignicolous marine fungi from São Paulo, Brazil" . Canadian Journal of Botany. 61 (2): 488–506. doi:10.1139/b83-057. ISSN   0008-4026.
  13. ↑ Rees, G.; Jones, E. B. G. (1984). "Observations on the Attachment of Spores of Marine Fungi" . Botanica Marina. 27 (4): 145–160. doi:10.1515/botm.1984.27.4.145. ISSN   0006-8055. S2CID   84900907.
  14. ↑ Prasannarai, K.; Sridhar, K. R. (2001). "Diversity and abundance of higher marine fungi on woody substrates along the west coast of India". Current Science. 81 (3): 304–311. ISSN   0011-3891. JSTOR   24106333.


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