Cryptandra arbutiflora

Cryptandra arbutiflora
Near Meelup Beach in Meelup Regional Park
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Eudicots
Clade:	Rosids
Order:	Rosales
Family:	Rhamnaceae
Genus:	Cryptandra
Species:	C. arbutiflora
Binomial name
Cryptandra arbutiflora Fenzl [1]
Synonyms [1]
Cryptandra suavis Lindl. Wichuraea arbutiflora(Fenzl) Nees ex Reissek

Leaf and flower detail

Cryptandra arbutiflora, commonly known as waxy cryptandra, ^[2] is a species of flowering plant in the family Rhamnaceae and is endemic to the southwest of Western Australia. It is a shrub with spiny branches, elliptic to linear leaves and tube-shaped white flowers.

Description

Cryptandra arbutiflora is a shrub that typically grows to a height of 0.5–1 m (1 ft 8 in – 3 ft 3 in) and has spiny branchlets. Its leaves are linear to oblong with the edges turned down, more or less glabrous, 2.5–9 mm (0.098–0.354 in) long and 0.8–2.5 mm (0.031–0.098 in) wide on a petiole 0.5–1 mm (0.020–0.039 in) long. The sepals are 1.2–1.5 mm (0.047–0.059 in) long, the petals white and tube-shaped, the tube part 2.2–5 mm (0.087–0.197 in) long with the style usually reaching to near the end of the tube. Flowering occurs from May to November and the fruit is 2.5–2.8 mm (0.098–0.110 in) long. ^{[2] [3] [4] [5]}

Taxonomy

This species was first formally described by botanist Eduard Fenzl based on plant material collected by Charles von Hügel from the Swan River area. Fenzl's description was published in 1837 in Enumeratio plantarum quas in Novae Hollandiae ora austro-occidentali ad fluvium Cygnorum et in sinu Regis Georgii collegit Carolus Liber Baro de Hügel . ^{[6] [7]} The Latin specific epithet arbutiflora alludes to the flowers which are reminiscent of those of Arbutus unedo , the strawberry tree. ^[8]

Four varieties are currently accepted by the Australian Plant Census:

• Cryptandra arbutifloraFenzl var. arbutiflora ^[9] is a shrub 0.1–1 mm (0.0039–0.0394 in) high with straight stem hairs, a floral tube 1.2–4.5 mm (0.047–0.177 in) long, an ovary that is largely superior in fruit within a broad floral tube, and glabrous fruit. ^{[5] [10]}
• Cryptandra arbutiflora var. borealisRye ^[11] has curved stem hairs and scattered large star-shaped hairs on the fruit. ^{[5] [12]}
• Cryptandra arbutiflora var. pygmaeaRye ^[13] is a dwarf shrub 0.05–0.25 mm (0.0020–0.0098 in) high with straight stem hairs and a floral tube about 1 mm (0.039 in) long. ^{[5] [14]}
• Cryptandra arbutiflora var. tubulosa(Fenzl) Benth. ^[15] is a shrub 0.1–1 mm (0.0039–0.0394 in) high with straight stem hairs, a floral tube 1.2–4.5 mm (0.047–0.177 in) long, an ovary that is half inferior in fruit within a narrow floral tube, and glabrous fruit. ^{[5] [16]}

A former variety C. arbutiflora var. intermedia is now regarded as a species in its own right - Cryptandra intermedia . ^[17]

Distribution and habitat

Cryptandra arbutiflora occurs between the south coast and the Dandaragan area to the north and also near Geraldton. ^{[8] [18]} It grows in a variety of soils on granite outcrops, breakaways and creek banks.

The variety arbutiflora is found in the Gillingarra to Mount Barker and Jerramungup areas, var. borealis from Kalbarri to the Chapman River, var. pygmaea near Lake Muir, and var. tubulosa from Perth to the Kent River. ^[5]

Conservation status

Three varieties of C. arbutiflora are listed as "not threatened" by the Western Australian Government Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions but var. pygmaea is classified as "Priority Three" by the Government of Western Australia Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions, ^[14] meaning that it is poorly known and known from only a few locations but is not under imminent threat. ^[19]

References

1. "Cryptandra arbutiflora". Australian Plant Census. Retrieved 11 October 2020.
2. "Cryptandra arbutiflora". FloraBase . Western Australian Government Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions.
3. Reissek, Siegfried (1848). Lehmann, Johann G.C. (ed.). Plantae Preissianae. Hamburg: Sumptibus Meissneeri. p. 290. Retrieved 12 October 2022.
4. Rye, Barbara L. (1995). "New and priority taxa in the genera Cryptandra and Stenanthemum (Rhamnaceae) of Western Australia". Nuytsia. 10 (2): 259–264. Retrieved 12 October 2022.
5. Rye, Barbara L. (2007). "New species and keys for Cryptandra and Stenanthemum (Rhamnaceae) in Western Australia" (PDF). Nuytsia. 162: 337–341. Retrieved 12 October 2022.
6. "Cryptandra arbutiflora". APNI. Retrieved 12 October 2022.
7. Fenzl, Edouard (1837). Endlicher, Stefan F.L.; Fenzl, Eduard; Bentham, George; Schott, Heinrich W. (eds.). Enumeratio plantarum quas in Novae Hollandiae ora austro-occidentali ad fluvium Cygnorum et in sinu Regis Georgii collegit Carolus Liber Baro de Hüge. pp. 26–27. Retrieved 12 October 2022.
8. Gardner, C.A. (1981). Wildflowers of Western Australia. Perth: St George Books. p. 71. ISBN   086778007X.
9. "Cryptandra arbutiflora var. arbutiflora". Australian Plant Census. Retrieved 11 October 2020.
10. "Cryptandra arbutiflora var. arbutiflora". FloraBase . Western Australian Government Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions.
11. "Cryptandra arbutiflora var. borealis". Australian Plant Census. Retrieved 11 October 2020.
12. "Cryptandra arbutiflora var. borealis". FloraBase . Western Australian Government Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions.
13. "Cryptandra arbutiflora var. pygmaea". Australian Plant Census. Retrieved 11 October 2020.
14. "Cryptandra arbutiflora var. pygmaea". FloraBase . Western Australian Government Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions.
15. "Cryptandra arbutiflora var. tubulosa". Australian Plant Census. Retrieved 11 October 2020.
16. "Cryptandra arbutiflora var. tubulosa". FloraBase . Western Australian Government Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions.
17. "Cryptandra intermedia". APNI. Retrieved 12 October 2022.
18. "Cryptandra arbutiflora". FloraBase . Western Australian Government Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions.
19. "Conservation codes for Western Australian Flora and Fauna" (PDF). Government of Western Australia Department of Parks and Wildlife. Retrieved 12 October 2022.