The 1980 Summer Olympics, officially known as the Games of the XXII Olympiad and commonly known as Moscow 1980, were an international multi-sport event held from 19 July to 3 August 1980 in Moscow, Soviet Union, in present-day Russia. The Games were the first to be staged in Eastern Europe, and remain the only Summer Olympics held there, as well as the first Olympic Games and only Summer Olympics to be held in a Slavic language-speaking country. They were also the only Summer Olympic Games to be held in a communist country until the 2008 Summer Olympics held in China. These were the final Olympic Games under the IOC Presidency of Michael Morris, 3rd Baron Killanin.
The Warsaw Uprising was a major World War II operation, in the summer of 1944, by the Polish underground resistance, led by the Polish resistance Home Army, to liberate Warsaw from German occupation. The uprising was timed to coincide with the retreat of the German forces from Poland ahead of the Soviet advance. While approaching the eastern suburbs of the city, the Red Army temporarily halted combat operations, enabling the Germans to regroup and defeat the Polish resistance and to destroy the city in retaliation. The Uprising was fought for 63 days with little outside support. It was the single largest military effort taken by any European resistance movement during World War II.
The Peace Race was an annual multiple stage bicycle race held in the Eastern Bloc states of Czechoslovakia, East Germany, and Poland. First organized in 1948, it was originally created with the intent of relieving tensions existing between Central European countries following the interwar period and World War II.
The Friendship Games, or Friendship-84, was an international multi-sport event held between 2 July and 16 September 1984 in the Soviet Union and eight other socialist states which boycotted the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles.
Archery at the Friendship Games was held in Plzeň, Czechoslovakia between 23 and 26 August 1984. Two events were contested: men's individual and women's individual.
Athletics at the Friendship Games was contested in 41 events, 24 events by men and 17 by women. Men competed at the Grand Arena of the Central Lenin Stadium in Moscow, Soviet Union between 17 and 18 August, while women's events took place at the Evžen Rošický Stadium in Prague, Czechoslovakia between 16 and 18 August 1984.
Basketball at the Friendship Games was contested between 22 and 30 August 1984. Two events took place at two venues in Moscow, Soviet Union – the CSKA Sports Palace and the Dynamo Sports Palace.
Boxing at the Friendship Games took place at the Ciudad Deportiva in Havana, Cuba. The boxing schedule began on 18 August and ended on 24 August 1984. Twelve boxing events were contested.
Canoeing at the Friendship Games took place in Grünau, East Berlin, East Germany between 21 and 22 July 1984. 12 events were contested.
Equestrian events at the Friendship Games included show jumping, dressage and eventing in both individual and team competitions. Events were held on three venues in Poland: Jumping events were held in Sopot between 6 and 10 August, dressage – at the Książ Landscape Park near Wałbrzych between 17 and 19 August, while eventing was held at the Modern Pentathlon and Equestrian Centre of the Lubusz Sports Club "Lumel" in Drzonków on 23–26 August 1984.
Field hockey at the Friendship Games was contested in two events. Men's event took place at the Minor Arena of the Central Dynamo Stadium in Moscow, Soviet Union between 18 and 26 August 1984. Women's event took place in Poznań, Poland between 28 and 30 August 1984.
Gymnastics at the Friendship Games was contested in two disciplines. Artistic gymnastics was held in Olomouc, Czechoslovakia, between 20 and 26 August 1984, with 14 events. Rhythmic gymnastics was held in Sofia, Bulgaria, between 17 and 19 August 1984, with 5 events.
Handball at the Friendship Games is the handball tournament organized for the 1984 Summer Olympics boycotting countries. Given that the Eastern Bloc countries and allies were at that time amongst the most competitive teams the tournament's level was rather high.
Judo at the Friendship Games was held at the Military University of Technology sports hall in Warsaw, Poland between 24 and 26 August 1984. Judokas contested in eight events – seven weight classes and one open category.
Modern pentathlon at the Friendship Games took place in Warsaw, Poland between 5 and 9 August 1984. 45 athletes took part in two men's events.
Rowing at the Friendship Games took place at the Man-made Basin, located within the Trade Unions Olympic Sports Centre in Moscow, Soviet Union between 24 and 26 August 1984. 14 events were contested.
Sailing at the Friendship Games was contested in seven events. 470 and Finn classes took place at Lake Balaton, Hungary between 20 and 25 August 1984, while Flying Dutchman, Soling, Star, Tornado and Windglider classes were contested at Pirita Yachting Centre in Tallinn, Soviet Union between 19 and 26 August 1984.
Shooting at the Friendship Games was contested at the Dynamo Shooting Range in Moscow, Soviet Union between 19 and 25 August 1984.
Swimming at the Friendship Games took place at the Swimming Pool at the Olimpiysky Sports Complex in Moscow, Soviet Union between 19 August and 25 August 1984. 29 events were contested.
Bernd Drogan is a retired East German cyclist who was active between 1971 and 1987. In 1979 he won a gold and a bronze medal in the road race at the World Cycling Championships, with the German team and individually. Next year he won a silver medal in the 100 km team time trial at the 1980 Summer Olympics.
Alexandr Zinovyev (URS)
Uwe Raab (GDR)
Andrzej Mierzejewski (POL)
Czechoslovakia (TCH)
Miklós Somogyi (HUN)