 | |
 Cyprus |  Poland |
|---|---|
| Diplomatic mission | |
| Embassy of Cyprus, Warsaw | Embassy of Poland, Nicosia |
Cyprus-Polish relations are foreign relations between Cyprus and Poland. Diplomatic relations between both countries were established during the 1960s. Cyprus has an embassy in Warsaw. Poland has an embassy in Nicosia. [1] The two countries share membership of the European Union and Council of Europe and Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe. The two countries became members of the EU in 2004.
One of the first recorded contacts between Poland and Cyprus was in 1364, during a meeting of kings, princes and noblemen at the famous Congress of Kraków. One of its participants was king Peter I of Cyprus, who was trying to drum up support for a crusade to liberate the Holy Land. Throughout the Middle Ages, Polish travelers en route to Jerusalem via the Mediterranean route would often stop in Cyprus, and some settled there permanently. A prominent visitor was Boguslaw X the Great, ruler of West Pomerania, in April 1497. However, with the conquest of Cyprus by the Ottoman Empire in 1570, contact between the two countries ceased for almost 300 years. In the 19th century Polish travelers again started visiting Cyprus, with growing numbers after the British gained control of the island after the Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878). During the Second World War 500 refugee Polish dignitaries and their families arrived in Cyprus in September 1940. Among them was the writer Melchior Wankowicz. [2]
The Polish people are predominantly Roman Catholic, but the Polish Orthodox Church has a significant following in the east of Poland and is in full communion with the Cypriot Orthodox Church. Both churches have suffered oppression in their countries. In 2009, Archbishop Leon of Karelia and all Finland suggested that Cyprus, Poland and the Finnish Orthodox Church claim the restoration of their cultural heritage from the EU. [3]
Artistic group of musicians from the Anadyomene' Secret Rec. label is a Polish-Cypriot activity. It is a combination of artists born in Poland and artists working in Cyprus (i.e. Agnes de Venice, Xenia Agapene, Brunette Models, Eremites Katoteros e.t.c.) under the influence of both cultures, as for example a Christian mysticism as a possible prayer to God from Catholic Church influence and the musical prayer, as a kind of hesychasm from Cypriot Orthodox Church influence. [4] [5] [6]
Between 1971 and 2000, Poland and Cyprus concluded 15 agreements on subject such as air transport, trade, visas, shipping and taxation. [7] For example, in September 1998 the countries signed an agreement in Nicosia that defined exchanges in the fields of science, education, culture, art, archaeology, sports and communications. [8] In August 2008, the Polish Ambassador in Nicosia Zbigniew Szymanski said that since EU accession the two countries have found additional areas for closer cooperation, and stressed the close contacts between the leaders of Poland and Cyprus. He also referred to planning for the joint presidency of the EU by Cyprus, Poland and Denmark. [9] Poland will take over the EU presidency in the second half of 2011, followed by Denmark and Cyprus. Leaders of the three countries are committed to joint action on the economic crisis and the EU's 2014-2020 budget. [10]
Since both Cyprus and Poland became members of the European Union in May 2004, perhaps 350 Poles have established permanent residence in Cyprus, and 2,500 Polish workers are temporary residents of the island. A Polish school established in 1999 helps children of Polish parents to maintain language skills and knowledge of Poland. [11]
The Cyprus-Polish Business Association, officially sponsored by the Polish and Cypriot governments and with many Cypriot/Polish businesses as members, works to bring people of the two countries into closer contact and develop their relations on many different levels. [12] The efficient, low-rate business taxes in Cyprus and the tax treaty between Cyprus and Poland favor entrepreneurs who decide to base their company in Cyprus although doing business in Poland. [13] A number of companies have taken advantage of this opportunity. [14]
Ryanair and Polish airlines Buzz, Enter Air, LOT Polish Airlines and Wizz Air operate flights between Poland and Cyprus.
Cyprus is a member of the United Nations along with most of its agencies as well as the Commonwealth of Nations, World Bank, International Monetary Fund and Council of Europe. In addition, the country has signed the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) and the Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency Agreement (MIGA). Cyprus has been a member of the European Union since 2004 and in the second half of 2012 it held the Presidency of the Council of the European Union.
The Republic of Poland is a Central European country and member of the European Union and NATO, among others. Poland wields considerable influence in Central and Eastern Europe and is a middle power in international affairs. The foreign policy of Poland is based on four basic commitments: to Atlantic co-operation, to European integration, to international development and to international law.
Northern Cyprus is recognised only by Turkey, a country which facilitates many of its contacts with the international community. After it was occupied by Turkey, Northern Cyprus' relations with the rest of the world were further complicated by a series of United Nations resolutions which declared its independence legally invalid. A 2004 UN Referendum on settling the Cyprus dispute was accepted by the Turkish Cypriots but rejected by the Greek Cypriots. After that, the European Union declared its intentions to assist in reducing the economic isolation of Northern Cyprus and began giving aid to the territory. However, due to pressure from Greece and the Republic of Cyprus, this aid coming from EU funds cannot be used on Greek Cypriot land and property nor on public bodies. As a result, these funds can be used only on 29 percent of people on the island of Cyprus.
Cypriot–Russian relations refers to bilateral foreign relations between the Republic of Cyprus and the Russian Federation. The Soviet Union established diplomatic relations with the newly independent Republic of Cyprus on 18 August 1960. Cooperation between both countries has increased since the 1990s because of the end of the Soviet Union. Cyprus has an embassy in Moscow, and Russia has an embassy in Nicosia.
Cyprus–Egypt relations refer to bilateral relations between Cyprus and Egypt. Due to the strong cultural and historical ties between the two nations, Cyprus and Egypt today enjoy friendly, and strategic relations. Modern diplomatic relations between the two countries were established soon after Cyprus gained its independence in 1960, and are regarded as cordial. Cyprus has an embassy in Cairo and Egypt has an embassy in Nicosia.
Cyprus–China relations refers to the bilateral relations between Cyprus and China. China is represented in Cyprus through its embassy in Nicosia, Cyprus, and Cyprus is represented in China through its embassy in Beijing, China. Both countries are full members of the United Nations.
Cyprus–Denmark relations refers to the current and historical relations between Cyprus and Denmark. Cyprus has an embassy in Copenhagen. Denmark has an embassy in Nicosia. Diplomatic relations were established on 2 November 1960. Both countries are members of the European Union.
Polish–Turkish relations are the foreign relations between Poland and Turkey. Both countries are full members of NATO, OECD, OSCE, the Union for the Mediterranean, the Council of Europe and the World Trade Organisation. Poland is a member of the European Union, Turkey is not a member.
Cyprus-Spain relations are the bilateral relations between Cyprus and Spain. The relations are defined mainly by the membership of both countries to the European Union, Council of Europe and Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe, and the Union for the Mediterranean. Cyprus has an embassy in Madrid and consulates in Barcelona, Bilbao, Sevilla and Granada. Spain has an embassy in Nicosia.
Estonia–Poland relations are the bilateral relations between Estonia and Poland. Both nations are members of the EU, NATO, OECD, OSCE, Bucharest Nine, TSI, United Nations, COE, CBSS, HELCOM and WTO. The two countries became members of the EU in 2004.
Cyprus–Greece relations are the bilateral relations between Cyprus and Greece. Cyprus has an embassy in Athens and a consulate-general in Thessaloniki. Greece has an embassy in Nicosia. Both countries are full members of the United Nations, European Union, Council of Europe and the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE). Relations between the two countries have been exceptionally close since the Republic of Cyprus was formed in 1960. The Greek populations in Cyprus and Greece share a common ethnicity, heritage, language, and religion, leading to an exceptionally close relationship between the two countries. Greece has given full support to Cyprus's membership in the European Union.
Cyprus–Israel relations refer to the bilateral relations between Cyprus and Israel. Israel has an embassy in Nicosia, while Cyprus has an embassy in Tel Aviv. Both countries are members of the Union for the Mediterranean, United Nations, Euro-Atlantic Partnership Council, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, International Monetary Fund, World Bank, and World Trade Organization.
Cyprus–Sweden relations are foreign relations between Cyprus and Sweden. The two countries are members of the EU, COE, Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe|OSCE and UN. Cyprus has an embassy in Stockholm. Sweden has an embassy in Nicosia (Cyprus).
Foreign relations have reportedly always been strong between Armenia and Cyprus. Cyprus has been a supporter of Armenia in its struggle for the recognition of the Armenian genocide, economic stability and the resolution to the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict. In return Armenia has been advocating a stable Cyprus after the Turkish invasion in 1974 and supporting a lasting solution to the Cyprus dispute.
Cyprus–Serbia relations are considered as strong, due to common European policies and the sharing of Orthodoxy as a common religion. Cyprus has been a supporter of Serbia in its efforts to join the EU. Likewise, Serbia has been advocating a stable Cyprus after the Turkish invasion in 1974 and supporting a lasting solution to the Cyprus dispute. Cyprus has an embassy in Belgrade. Serbia has an embassy in Nicosia.
Cyprus–Germany relations are the bilateral relations between Cyprus and Germany. Germany is represented in Cyprus through its embassy in Nicosia, Cyprus. Cyprus is represented in Germany through its embassy in Berlin, Germany. Both countries are members of the European Union, Council of Europe and Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe.
Bulgaria–Cyprus relations are the close diplomatic relations between Cyprus and Bulgaria. Bulgaria was one of the first countries to recognise Cypriot independence in 1960, leading to the celebration of 50 years of diplomatic relations between the two countries in 2010. These relations have developed positively on the international stage as well as in commerce and strategic affairs. Bulgaria has an embassy in Nicosia and a consulate general in Limassol. Cyprus has an embassy in Sofia and a branch office in Burgas. Both countries are full members of Council of Europe and of the European Union. Bulgaria in as member of the EU in 2007. Cyprus in as member of the EU in 2004.
The Embassy of the Philippines in Warsaw is the diplomatic mission of the Republic of the Philippines to the Republic of Poland. It is located on ul. Stanisława Lentza 11 in the Wilanów district of south Warsaw, near the Wilanów Palace. Although the current embassy dates from 2009, the Philippines also maintained a previous resident embassy in Poland in the early 1990s.
Iceland–Poland relations are the diplomatic relations between Iceland and Poland. Both nations are members of the European Economic Area, North Atlantic Treaty Organization, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe, Council of the Baltic Sea States, Council of Europe and the United Nations.
Moldova–Poland relations refers to the relationship between Moldova and Poland. The two countries established relations following the independence of Moldova at 1991. Poland is a member of the European Union, which Moldova applied for in 2022. Both countries are full members of the Council of Europe. Also Moldova is an EU candidate and Poland is an EU member.
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