Cytharopsis butonensis

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Cytharopsis butonensis
Cytharopsis butonensis 001.jpg
Shell of Cytharopsis butonensis
Scientific classification Red Pencil Icon.png
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Mollusca
Class: Gastropoda
Clade: Caenogastropoda
Clade: Hypsogastropoda
Clade: Neogastropoda
Superfamily: Conoidea
Family: Mangeliidae
Genus: Cytharopsis
Species:
C. butonensis
Binomial name
Cytharopsis butonensis
(Schepman, 1913)
Synonyms [1]
  • Eucithara butonensis(Schepman, 1913)
  • Mangilia butonensisSchepman, 1913 (original combination)

Cytharopsis butonensis is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Mangeliidae. [1]

In biology, a species is the basic unit of classification and a taxonomic rank of an organism, as well as a unit of biodiversity. A species is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate sexes or mating types can produce fertile offspring, typically by sexual reproduction. Other ways of defining species include their karyotype, DNA sequence, morphology, behaviour or ecological niche. In addition, paleontologists use the concept of the chronospecies since fossil reproduction cannot be examined. While these definitions may seem adequate, when looked at more closely they represent problematic species concepts. For example, the boundaries between closely related species become unclear with hybridisation, in a species complex of hundreds of similar microspecies, and in a ring species. Also, among organisms that reproduce only asexually, the concept of a reproductive species breaks down, and each clone is potentially a microspecies.

Sea snail common name for snails that normally live in saltwater

Sea snail is a common name for slow moving marine gastropod molluscs usually with visible external shells, such as whelk or abalone. They share the taxonomic class Gastropoda with slugs, which are distinguished from snails primarily by the absence of a visible shell.

Family is one of the eight major hierarchical taxonomic ranks in Linnaean taxonomy; it is classified between order and genus. A family may be divided into subfamilies, which are intermediate ranks between the ranks of family and genus. The official family names are Latin in origin; however, popular names are often used: for example, walnut trees and hickory trees belong to the family Juglandaceae, but that family is commonly referred to as being the "walnut family".

Contents

Taxonomy

Shuto (1970) referred the Indonesian Mangilia butonensisSchepman, 1913 which may indeed be an aberrant Leiocithara Hedley, 1922, although its narrow shape could indicate that M.M. Schepman was closer in ascribing it to the genus Mangelia. [2] Kuroda & Oyama (1971) transferred Mangilia butonensis to Cytharopsis [3]

Leiocithara is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Mangeliidae.

Description

The length of the shell varies between 12 mm and 20 mm.

(Original description) The shell has an elongately fusiform shape, with a high spire and moderately long siphonal canal. It is smooth, shining, pellucid and white. It contains 8 whorl, of which 3½ seem to form a convexly whorled protoconch. Of these the upper 2 are smooth, the rest with crowded axial ribs. The post-nuclear whorls show more remote ribs, 7 or 8 on penultimate whorl, each rib with a small point near its middle, giving an angular appearance to these whorls, though the interstices are nearly regularly rounded. The upper part of the whorls are very faintly crenulate. The base of the body whorl shows very faint spiral striae, more conspicuous on the ribs and a few stronger ones on the sipgonal canal. The aperture is oblong, narrow, slightly angular above, below with a rather wide siphonal canal. The peristome is sharp, with a shallow sinus above and a strong rib at some distance behind its margin. The columellar margin is slightly concave above, directed to the left below, with a thin layer of enamel. The interior of the aperture is smooth. [4]

Spire (mollusc)

A spire is a part of the coiled shell of molluscs. The spire consists of all of the whorls except for the body whorl. Each spire whorl represents a rotation of 360°. A spire is part of the shell of a snail, a gastropod mollusc, a gastropod shell, and also the whorls of the shell in ammonites, which are fossil shelled cephalopods.

Siphonal canal anatomical structure of certain sea snails

The siphonal canal is an anatomical feature of the shells of certain groups of sea snails within the clade Neogastropoda. Some sea marine gastropods have a soft tubular anterior extension of the mantle called a siphon through which water is drawn into the mantle cavity and over the gill and which serves as a chemoreceptor to locate food. In certain groups of carnivorous snails, where the siphon is particularly long, the structure of the shell has been modified in order to house and protect the soft structure of the siphon. Thus the siphonal canal is a semi-tubular extension of the aperture of the shell through which the siphon is extended when the animal is active.

Protoconch

A protoconch is an embryonic or larval shell which occurs in some classes of molluscs, e.g., the initial chamber of an ammonite or the larval shell of a gastropod. In older texts it is also called "nucleus". The protoconch may sometimes consist of several whorls, but when this is the case, the whorls show no growth lines.

Distribution

This marine species occurs off Sulawesi, Indonesia; in the East China Sea, Taiwan, the Andaman Sea, off Thailand and the Philippines.

Sulawesi island of Indonesia

Sulawesi, formerly known as Celebes, is an island in Indonesia. One of the four Greater Sunda Islands, and the world's eleventh-largest island, it is situated east of Borneo, west of the Maluku Islands, and south of Mindanao and the Sulu Archipelago. Within Indonesia, only Sumatra, Borneo and Papua are larger in territory, and only Java and Sumatra have larger populations.

East China Sea A marginal sea of the Pacific Ocean between the south of Korea, the south of Kyushu, Japan, the Ryukyu islands and mainland China

The East China Sea is a marginal sea east of China. The East China Sea is a part of the Pacific Ocean and covers an area of roughly 1,249,000 square kilometres (482,000 sq mi). To the east lies the Japanese island of Kyushu and the Ryukyu Islands, to the south, lies the South China Sea, and to the west by the Asian continent. The sea connects with the Sea of Japan through the Korea Strait and opens to the north into the Yellow Sea. The states which border the sea include Japan, Taiwan and the People’s Republic of China.

Taiwan state in East Asia

Taiwan, officially the Republic of China (ROC), is a state in East Asia. Neighbouring states include the People's Republic of China (PRC) to the west, Japan to the northeast, and the Philippines to the south. The island of Taiwan has an area of 35,808 square kilometres (13,826 sq mi), with mountain ranges dominating the eastern two thirds and plains in the western third, where its highly urbanised population is concentrated. Taipei is the capital and largest metropolitan area. Other major cities include Kaohsiung, Taichung, Tainan and Taoyuan. With 23.5 million inhabitants, Taiwan is among the most densely populated states, and is the most populous state and largest economy that is not a member of the United Nations (UN).

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References

  1. 1 2 WoRMS (2009). Cytharopsis butonensis. In: MolluscaBase (2017). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at on 2017-04-26
  2. ↑ Shuto, Tsugio. "Taxonomical notes on the turrids of the Siboga-Collection originally described by MN Schepman, 1913 (Part 3)." Venus 28.4 (1970): 161-178.
  3. ↑ Kuroda, T. & Oyama, K. 1971. In: Kuroda, T., Habe, T. & Oyama, K. The seashells of Sagami Bay. Tokyo: Maruzen. pp. 1-489 + 55 (English text), pis 1-121
  4. ↑ Schepman, 1913. The prosobranchia of the Siboga expedition. Part IV -V - VI: Toxoglossa
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