The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) is the national public health agency of the United States. It is a United States federal agency under the Department of Health and Human Services,and is headquartered in Atlanta,Georgia.
The AIDS epidemic,caused by HIV,found its way to the United States between the 1970s and 1980s,but was first noticed after doctors discovered clusters of Kaposi's sarcoma and pneumocystis pneumonia in homosexual men in Los Angeles,New York City,and San Francisco in 1981. Treatment of HIV/AIDS is primarily via the use of multiple antiretroviral drugs,and education programs to help people avoid infection.
Mpox is an infectious viral disease that can occur in humans and other animals. Symptoms include a rash that forms blisters and then crusts over,fever,and swollen lymph nodes. The illness is usually mild,and most infected individuals recover within a few weeks without treatment. The time from exposure to the onset of symptoms ranges from three to seventeen days,and symptoms typically last from two to four weeks. However,cases may be severe,especially in children,pregnant women,or people with suppressed immune systems.
The GMHC is a New York City–based non-profit,volunteer-supported and community-based AIDS service organization whose mission statement is to "end the AIDS epidemic and uplift the lives of all affected." Founded in 1982,it is often billed as the "world's oldest AIDS service organization," as well as the "nation's oldest HIV/AIDS service organization."
Men who have sex with men (MSM) are men who engage in sexual activity with other men,regardless of their sexual orientation or sexual identity. The term was created by epidemiologists in the 1990s,to better study and communicate the spread of sexually transmitted infections such as HIV/AIDS between all sexually active males,not strictly those identifying as gay,bisexual,pansexual or various other sexualities,but also for example male prostitutes. The term is often used in medical literature and social research to describe such men as a group. It does not describe any specific kind of sexual activity,and which activities are covered by the term depends on context. The alternative term "males who have sex with males" is sometimes considered more accurate in cases where those described may not be legal adults.
This is a timeline of HIV/AIDS,including but not limited to cases before 1980.
The New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene is the department of the government of New York City responsible for public health along with issuing birth certificates,dog licenses,and conducting restaurant inspection and enforcement. The New York City Board of Health is part of the department. Its regulations are compiled in title 24 of the New York City Rules. Since March 2022,the commissioner has been Ashwin Vasan.
The National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases (NCIRD),formerly known as the National Immunization Program until April 2006,is charged with responsibility for the planning,coordination,and conduct of immunization activities in the United States. NCIRD is a part of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,located in Atlanta,Georgia,and housed in the CDC's Coordinating Center for Infectious Diseases (CCID). The National Center for Immunization provides consultation,training,statistical,promotional,educational,epidemiological,and technical services to assist state and local health departments across the US in planning,developing,contracting and implementing immunization programs.
The National Center for HIV/AIDS,Viral Hepatitis,STD,and TB Prevention (NCHHSTP),formerly the National Center for HIV,STD,and TB Prevention (NCHSTP) is a part of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and is responsible for public health surveillance,prevention research,and programs to prevent and control human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS),other sexually transmitted diseases (STDs),viral hepatitis,and tuberculosis (TB). Center staff work in collaboration with governmental and nongovernmental partners at community,State,national,and international levels,applying well-integrated multidisciplinary programs of research,surveillance,technical assistance,and evaluation.
Saint Vincent's Catholic Medical Centers was a healthcare system in New York City,anchored by its flagship hospital,St. Vincent's Hospital Manhattan.
Since reports of emergence and spread of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in the United States between the 1970s and 1980s,the HIV/AIDS epidemic has frequently been linked to gay,bisexual,and other men who have sex with men (MSM) by epidemiologists and medical professionals. It was first noticed after doctors discovered clusters of Kaposi's sarcoma and pneumocystis pneumonia in homosexual men in Los Angeles,New York City,and San Francisco in 1981. The first official report on the virus was published by the Center for Disease Control (CDC) on June 5,1981,and detailed the cases of five young gay men who were hospitalized with serious infections. A month later,The New York Times reported that 41 homosexuals had been diagnosed with Kaposi's sarcoma,and eight had died less than 24 months after the diagnosis was made.
New York City was affected by the AIDS epidemic of the 1980s more than any other U.S. city. The AIDS epidemic has been and continues to be highly localized due to a number of complex socio-cultural factors that affect the interaction of the populous communities that inhabit New York.
Dr. Robert Kezaala is a medical doctor,epidemiologist,scholar and public health leader in the field of immunization and health emergencies. Currently he is serving as a Senior Health Advisor and team lead for Accelerated Immunization Initiatives:measles,rubella,epidemic meningitis and yellow fever control and Immunization in Emergencies at the United Nations Children’s Fund.
Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency,formerly Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,is an organization under the South Korean Ministry of Welfare and Health that is responsible for the advancement of public health by managing prevention,survey,quarantine,trial,and research on infectious diseases,chronic and rare illnesses and injuries. It was founded in December 2003 and is located in Osong Health Technology Administration Complex in Cheongju. The organization is led by the vice-ministerial-level Commissioner of KDCA.
Nancy Messonnier is an American physician who served as the director of the National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention from 2016 to 2021. She worked on the CDC's response to the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States.
US influenza statistics by flu season. From the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention page called "Disease Burden of Flu":"Each year CDC estimates the burden of influenza in the U.S. CDC uses modeling to estimate the number of flu illnesses,medical visits,hospitalizations,and deaths related to flu that occurred in a given season. The methods used to calculate these estimates are described on CDC’s webpage,How CDC Estimates the Burden of Seasonal Flu in the U.S."
John N. Nkengasong is a Cameroonian-American virologist serving as the Global AIDS Coordinator in the Biden administration since 2022 and Senior Bureau Official for Global Health Security and Diplomacy since 2023. He previously worked as the Director of the Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention from 2016 to 2022,as well as at the World Health Organization (WHO) and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. During the COVID-19 pandemic,Nkengasong was appointed the WHO Special Envoy for Africa.
In May 2022,the World Health Organization (WHO) made an emergency announcement of the existence of a multi-country outbreak of mpox,a viral disease then commonly known as "monkeypox". The initial cluster of cases was found in the United Kingdom,where the first case was detected in London on 6 May 2022 in a patient with a recent travel history from Nigeria where the disease has been endemic. On 16 May,the UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA) confirmed four new cases with no link to travel to a country where mpox is endemic. Subsequently,cases have been reported from many countries and regions. The outbreak marked the first time mpox had spread widely outside Central and West Africa. The disease had been circulating and evolving in human hosts over several years before the outbreak and was caused by the clade IIb variant of the virus.
The 2022–2023 mpox outbreak in the United States was part of the larger outbreak of human mpox caused by the West African clade of the monkeypox virus. The United States was the fourth country outside of the African countries with endemic mpox to experience an outbreak in 2022. The first case was documented in Boston,Massachusetts,on May 17,2022. As of August 2022,mpox had spread to all 50 states in the United States,as well as Washington,D.C.,and Puerto Rico. The United States had the highest number of mpox cases in the world during the outbreak. California had the highest number of mpox cases in the United States.
The 2022–2023 mpox outbreak in Canada is a part of the outbreak of human mpox caused by the West African clade of the monkeypox virus. The outbreak started in Canada on May 19,2022,with the country since then becoming one of the most affected in the Americas.
