The AIDS epidemic,caused by HIV,found its way to the United States between the 1970s and 1980s,but was first noticed after doctors discovered clusters of Kaposi's sarcoma and pneumocystis pneumonia in homosexual men in Los Angeles,New York City,and San Francisco in 1981. Treatment of HIV/AIDS is primarily via the use of multiple antiretroviral drugs,and education programs to help people avoid infection.
The GMHC is a New York City–based non-profit,volunteer-supported and community-based AIDS service organization whose mission statement is to "end the AIDS epidemic and uplift the lives of all affected."
Men who have sex with men (MSM) refers to all men who engage in sexual activity with other men,regardless of sexual identity. The term was created by epidemiologists in the 1990s,to better study and communicate the spread of sexually transmitted infections such as HIV/AIDS between all sexually active males,not strictly those identifying as gay or bisexual,but also for example male prostitutes. The term is often used in medical literature and social research to describe such men as a group. It does not describe any specific kind of sexual activity,and which activities are covered by the term depends on context. An alternative term,males who have sex with males is sometimes considered more accurate in cases where those described may not be legal adults.
The United States President's Emergency Plan For AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) is a United States governmental initiative to address the global HIV/AIDS epidemic and help save the lives of those suffering from the disease. Launched by U.S. President George W. Bush in 2003,as of May 2020,PEPFAR has provided about $90 billion in cumulative funding for HIV/AIDS treatment,prevention,and research since its inception,making it the largest global health program focused on a single disease in history until the COVID-19 pandemic. PEPFAR is implemented by a combination of U.S. government agencies in over 50 countries and overseen by the Global AIDS Coordinator at the United States Department of State. As of 2023,PEPFAR has saved over 25 million lives,primarily in Sub-Saharan Africa.
This is a timeline of HIV/AIDS,including cases before 1980.
The National Center for HIV/AIDS,Viral Hepatitis,STD,and TB Prevention (NCHHSTP),formerly the National Center for HIV,STD,and TB Prevention (NCHSTP) is a part of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and is responsible for public health surveillance,prevention research,and programs to prevent and control human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS),other sexually transmitted diseases (STDs),viral hepatitis,and tuberculosis (TB). Center staff work in collaboration with governmental and nongovernmental partners at community,State,national,and international levels,applying well-integrated multidisciplinary programs of research,surveillance,technical assistance,and evaluation.
HIV/AIDS in China can be traced to an initial outbreak of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) first recognized in 1989 among injecting drug users along China's southern border. Figures from the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention,World Health Organization,and UNAIDS estimate that there were 1.25 million people living with HIV/AIDS in China at the end of 2018,with 135,000 new infections from 2017. The reported incidence of HIV/AIDS in China is relatively low,but the Chinese government anticipates that the number of individuals infected annually will continue to increase.
Phill Wilson is an American activist who founded the Black AIDS Institute in 1999,and served as its CEO,and is a prominent African-American HIV/AIDS activist.
Joseph Adolph Sonnabend was a South African physician,scientist and HIV/AIDS researcher,notable for pioneering community-based research,the propagation of safe sex to prevent infection,and an early multifactorial model of AIDS.
And the Band Played On is a 1993 American television film docudrama directed by Roger Spottiswoode. The teleplay by Arnold Schulman is based on the best-selling 1987 non-fiction book And the Band Played On:Politics,People,and the AIDS Epidemic by Randy Shilts,and is noteworthy for featuring both a vast historical scope,as well as an exceptionally sprawling cast.
The New York Native was a biweekly gay newspaper published by Charles Ortleb in New York City from December 1980 until January 13,1997. It was the only gay paper in New York City during the early part of the AIDS epidemic,and pioneered reporting on AIDS when most others ignored it. The paper subsequently became known for attacking the scientific understanding of HIV as the cause of AIDS and endorsing HIV/AIDS denialism.
Discrimination against people with HIV/AIDS or serophobia is the prejudice,fear,rejection,and stigmatization of people with HIV/AIDS. Marginalized,at-risk groups such as members of the LGBTQ+ community,intravenous drug users,and sex workers are most vulnerable to facing HIV/AIDS discrimination. The consequences of societal stigma against PLHIV are quite severe,as HIV/AIDS discrimination actively hinders access to HIV/AIDS screening and care around the world. Moreover,these negative stigmas become used against members of the LGBTQ+ community in the form of stereotypes held by physicians.
How to Have Sex in an Epidemic:One Approach is a 1983 manual by Richard Berkowitz and Michael Callen,under the direction of Joseph Sonnabend,to advise men who have sex with men (MSM) about how to avoid contracting the infecting agent which causes AIDS. It was among the first publications to recommend the use of condoms to prevent the transmission of STDs in men having sex with men,and has even been named,along with Play Fair!, as one of the foundational publications in the advent of modern safe sex.
Initial events and trends in the discussion of HIV and AIDS in mass media contributed to the stigma and discrimination against those affected with the disease. Later discussion,sometimes led by HIV+ individuals themselves,moved toward advocacy and education on disease prevention and management. The UNESCO report on Journalism Education says,"Well researched television content can create public awareness about HIV prevention,treatment,care and support can potentially influence the development and implementation of relevant policies."
30 Years From Here is an American television documentary about the 30 years war on the HIV and AIDS pandemic. The documentary was directed by Josh Rosenzweig for the LGBT cable network here!. The documentary debuted on November 25,2011.
Since reports of emergence and spread of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in the United States between the 1970s and 1980s,the HIV/AIDS epidemic has frequently been linked to gay,bisexual,and other men who have sex with men (MSM) by epidemiologists and medical professionals. It was first noticed after doctors discovered clusters of Kaposi's sarcoma and pneumocystis pneumonia in homosexual men in Los Angeles,New York City,and San Francisco in 1981. The first official report on the virus was published by the Center for Disease Control (CDC) on June 5,1981,and detailed the cases of five young gay men who were hospitalized with serious infections. A month later,The New York Times reported that 41 homosexuals had been diagnosed with Kaposi's sarcoma,and eight had died less than 24 months after the diagnosis was made.
Deborah Leah Birx is an American physician and diplomat who served as the White House Coronavirus Response Coordinator under President Donald Trump from 2020 to 2021. Birx specializes in HIV/AIDS immunology,vaccine research,and global health. Starting in 2014,she oversaw the implementation of the President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) program to support HIV/AIDS treatment and prevention programs in 65 countries. From 2014-2020,Birx was the United States global AIDS coordinator for presidents Barack Obama and Donald Trump and served as the United States special representative for global health diplomacy between 2015 and 2021. Birx was part of the White House Coronavirus Task Force from February 2020 to January 2021. In March 2021,Birx joined ActivePure Technology as Chief Medical and Science Advisor.
New York City was affected by the AIDS epidemic of the 1980s more than any other U.S. city. The AIDS epidemic has been and continues to be highly localized due to a number of complex socio-cultural factors that affect the interaction of the populous communities that inhabit New York.
John N. Nkengasong is a Cameroonian-American virologist serving as the Global AIDS Coordinator in the Biden administration since 2022 and Senior Bureau Official for Global Health Security and Diplomacy since 2023. He previously worked as the Director of the Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention from 2016 to 2022,as well as at the World Health Organization (WHO) and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. During the COVID-19 pandemic,Nkengasong was appointed the WHO Special Envoy for Africa.
