| Dictyonema huaorani | |
|---|---|
Scientific classification  | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Fungi |
| Division: | Basidiomycota |
| Class: | Agaricomycetes |
| Order: | Agaricales |
| Family: | Hygrophoraceae |
| Genus: | Dictyonema |
| Species: | D. huaorani |
| Binomial name | |
| Dictyonema huaorani | |
Dictyonema huaorani is a species of basidiolichen in the family Hygrophoraceae. It was first described in 2014. [1]
The Huaorani, Waorani, or Waodani, also known as the Waos, are an Indigenous people from the Amazonian Region of Ecuador who have marked differences from other ethnic groups from Ecuador. The alternate name Auca is a pejorative exonym used by the neighboring Quechua natives, and commonly adopted by Spanish-speakers as well. Auca means 'savage'.
The Hygrophoraceae are a family of fungi in the order Agaricales. Originally conceived as containing white-spored, thick-gilled agarics, including Hygrophorus and Hygrocybe species, DNA evidence has extended the limits of the family, so it now contains not only agarics, but also basidiolichens and corticioid fungi. Species are thus diverse and are variously ectomycorrhizal, lichenized, associated with mosses, or saprotrophic. The family contains 34 genera and over 1000 species. None is of any great economic importance, though fruit bodies of some Hygrocybe and Hygrophorus species are considered edible and may be collected for sale in local markets.
Dictyonema is a genus of mainly tropical basidiolichens in the family Hygrophoraceae.
Dictyonema hernandezii is a species of basidiolichen in the family Hygrophoraceae. Found in montane rainforests of Costa Rica and in Colombia, it was described as new to science in 2011. The specific epithet hernandezii honours Venezuelan lichenologist Jesús Hernández.
Cora hirsuta is a species of basidiolichen in the family Hygrophoraceae. Found in the páramo region near Bogotá at over 3,000 m (9,800 ft) elevation, it was described as new to science in 2011. The lichen, characterised by its distinctively hairy upper surface and smaller lobes, thrives in a variety of habitats, including soil, bryophytes, and as epiphytes on trees.
Cora is a large genus of basidiolichens in the family Hygrophoraceae. Modern molecular phylogenetics research has revealed a rich biodiversity in this largely tropical genus.
Cora casanarensis is a species of basidiolichen in the family Hygrophoraceae. Found in Colombia, it was formally described as a new species in 2014 by Leidy Yasmín Vargas, Bibiana Moncada, and Robert Lücking. The type specimen was collected in Finca El Paraiso at an altitude of 1,400 m (4,600 ft). The lichen is only known to occur at the type locality, where it grows on rocks, often associated with bryophytes and with lichens from genus Hypotrachyna. The specific epithet refers to Casanare, the central eastern Colombian department that contains the type locality. Phylogenetically, the closest species to Cora casanarensis is C. strigosa, found in Peru.
Cora fimbriata is a species of basidiolichen in the family Hygrophoraceae. Found in Colombia, it was formally described as a new species in 2014 by Leidy Yasmín Vargas, Bibiana Moncada, and Robert Lücking. The type was collected in Finca El Paraiso at an altitude of 1,450 m (4,760 ft). It is only known to occur at the type locality, where it grows on tree bark in association with bryophytes in partially exposed microhabitats. The specific epithet fimbriata refers to the cilia that are fringed on the margins of the lobes. Similar species include Cora setosa and Cora casanarensis.
Cora setosa is a species of basidiolichen in the family Hygrophoraceae. Found in Colombia, it was formally described as a new species in 2014 by Leidy Yasmín Vargas, Bibiana Moncada, and Robert Lücking The type was collected in Finca El Paraiso at an altitude of 1,400 m (4,600 ft). It is only known to occur at the type locality, where it grows as an epiphyte on branches in partially shaded spots. The thallus is emerald-green (smaragd) when fresh, measuring up to 8 cm (3 in) across and comprising four or five circular lobes arranged in layers above each other. The specific epithet refers to the setose lateral lobe margins. Similar species include Cora cyphellifera, C. aspera, and C. gyrolophia.
Cora arachnoidea is a species of basidiolichen in the family Hygrophoraceae. Found in Venezuela, it was formally described as a new species in 2013 by Jesús Hernández and Robert Lücking. The type specimen was collected in the surroundings of Laguna de Mucubají, at an altitude of 3,626 m (11,896 ft). The specific epithet makes reference to the arachnoid (cobwebby) texture of the thallus surface. Another member of the genus with a similar surface is Cora hirsuta.
Cora cyphellifera is a species of basidiolichen in the family Hygrophoraceae. Found in northern Ecuador, it was formally described as a new species in 2013 by Manuela Dal-Forno, Frank Bungartz, and Robert Lücking. The type specimen was collected near the entrance to the Alto Choco Reserve at an elevation of 2,053 m (6,736 ft). Here, in open, disturbed forest patches, the lichen grows as an epiphyte on tree branches and twigs, forming foliose, light bluish-green thalli up to 15 cm (6 in) across, and comprising 20 to 30 semicircular lobes in each thallus. Cora cyphellifera is only known to occur at the type locality, which is a montane rainforest. The specific epithet refers to the unusual cyphelloid structure of the thallus; this characteristic is otherwise unknown in the genus Cora. According to the authors, "it almost looks like the lichenized thallus is parasitized by a non-lichenized, cyphelloid mushroom".
Cora inversa is a species of basidiolichen in the family Hygrophoraceae. Found in Colombia, it was formally described as a new species in 2013 by lichenologists Robert Lücking and Bibiana Moncada. The type specimen was collected in the Páramo El Verjón at an altitude of 3,200 m (10,500 ft). Here the lichen grows as an epiphyte, typically at the base of páramo shrubs, and often between bryophytes. The specific epithet refers to the partially strigose underside, presenting in an inverse fashion compared to Cora hirsuta, which is strigose on the upper side.
Cora strigosa is a species of basidiolichen in the family Hygrophoraceae. Found in Peru, it was formally described as a new species in 2013 by Robert Lücking, Elias Paz, and Luis Salcedo. The type specimen was collected in Piscacucho at an altitude of about 2,700 m (8,900 ft). Here, in montane rainforest and pasture near Machu Picchu, the lichen grows on rocks together with other lichens, such as Hypotrachyna and Rimelia. Cora strigosa is only known to occur at the type locality. The specific epithet strigosa refers to the strigose upper surface of the thallus, especially prominent where they project radially at the margins. This lichen resembles Cora hirsuta, but it is not closely related.
Cora undulata is a species of basidiolichen in the family Hygrophoraceae. Found in Colombia, it was formally described as a new species in 2014 by Leidy Yasmín Vargas, Bibiana Moncada, and Robert Lücking. The type specimen was collected in Finca El Paraiso at an altitude of 1,400 m (4,600 ft). The lichen is only known to occur at the type locality, where it grows on rocks, often associated with bryophytes in semi-exposed microhabitats. Its dark olive-green thalli are foliose, measuring up to 9 cm (3.5 in) and comprising 5 to 15 semicircular lobes. The specific epithet undulata refers to the undulate (wavy) surface of the lobes.
Acantholichen pannarioides is a species of basidiolichen in the family Hygrophoraceae, and the type species of genus Acantholichen. The lichen has a bluish-tinged, gelatinous thallus with a surface texture that has a powdery to hairy texture. It is found in montane regions of Central America and northern South America, where it grows on forest litter, bark, on bryophytes, and on other lichens.
Dictyonema album is a species of basidiolichen in the family Hygrophoraceae. It is found in Mauritius, where it grows as an epiphyte on shrubs.
Dictyonema tricolor is a species of basidiolichen in the family Hygrophoraceae. It is found in Tanzania, where it grows as an epiphyte on trees. The lichen was formally described as a new species by lichenologists Robert Lücking and Einar Timdal. The type specimen was collected by Norwegian Hildur Krog from a low montane rainforest in Lulandu Forest, at an elevation of 2,000 m (6,600 ft). The species epithet refers to the three-colours displayed where the regularly ascending tufts of blue-green cyanobacterial fibrils meet the brown or white colour in the apical part of the tufts.
Dictyonema aeruginosulum is a species of basidiolichen in the family Hygrophoraceae. Characteristics of the lichen include its distinctive finger-like projections and blue-green hue. It is distinguishable from its closest relatives by its unique morphology and the absence of clamp connections in its structure. Dictyonema aeruginosulum is an epiphyte, forming thick mats on tree trunks within rainforest regions. The species was first identified in Costa Rica's Tenorio Volcano National Park, and it has only been recorded from this location.
Dictyonema metallicum is a species of basidiolichen in the family Hygrophoraceae. It is found in the montane rainforests of Ecuador. Characterised by its metallic shimmer, it is an epiphytic lichen that spans large areas on host tree trunks and frequently extends to adjacent bryophytes. Its unique visual texture is created by the loosely interwoven dark blue fibrils of the thallus, a thin, compressed filamentous layer, accentuated by a silver prothallus.
Dictyonema obscuratum is a species of basidiolichen in the family Hygrophoraceae. Originally discovered in Brazil and later recorded in Bolivia and Colombia, its cryptic, olive-green thallus sets it apart from similar species like Dictyonema phyllophilum and D. schenckianum.