Dikwa

For the animal genus, see Dikwa (crustacean).

Dikwa
LGA and town
Dikwa
Coordinates: 12°1′26″N13°54′57″E / 12.02389°N 13.91583°E / 12.02389; 13.91583
Country	Nigeria
State	Borno State
Time zone	UTC+1 (WAT)

Dikwa is a town and a local government area in Borno State, Nigeria.

History

When the Sudanese warlord Rabih az-Zubayr conquered the Kanem–Bornu Empire in 1893, Rabih destroyed the empire's capital at Kukawa. ^[1] Rabih spent some time at Kukawa but settled on Dikwa as his capital instead, since the town had better communications and a superior water supply. ^[2] Dikwa was heavily fortified and remained Rabih's capital for the duration of his rule. ^[3] Rabih was killed by a French army, bolstered by local Bornu forces, at the battle of battle of Kousséri in 1900. ^[4] The al-Kanemi dynasty, which had governed the Kanem–Bornu Empire prior to Rabih's invasion, was reinstalled as rulers with French and local support. With Kukawa destroyed, Dikwa remained the capital during the last years of the Kanem–Bornu Empire under the shehus Sanda Kura, Masta Gumsumi, and Abubakar Garbai. ^[5] In 1902, all territories of the empire came under European colonial rule. Per a 1893 treaty, Dikwa fell under German control. ^[6]

Between 1902 and 1916, Dikwa was the capital of what the Europeans called German Borno (the modern-day Dikwa Emirate). After the First World War until 1961, the town and the Dikwa Emirate were administered by the British under a League of Nations mandate and a United Nations Trusteeship agreement. ^[7] In 1942, Dikwa ceased to be the capital of the Dikwa Emirate. Bama became the capital of the Emirate which kept its name as Dikwa Emirate. ^[8]

In 1961, after a United Nations plebiscite, the town and the Dikwa Emirate became officially Nigerian. ^[9]

• 
  Mosque of Dikwa (2010)
• 
  Fort of Dikwa model (Museum of Dikwa - 2010)
• 
  Walls of Dikwa fort (2010)
• 
  Tower and walls of Dikwa fort (2010)

Local government area of Nigeria

Dikwa is a Local government area of Borno State, Nigeria. Its headquarters are in the town of Dikwa, which is also the seat of the Dikwa Emirate.

Climate

With an annual rainfall range of 15 to 32 inches, the Bornu and Dikwa Emirates have a semiarid climate with a long dry season and a brief wet season. ^{[10] [11] [12] [13]}

Landscape

It has an area of 1,774 km² and had a population of 25,300 inhabitants in 2010 according to Africapolis. ^[14] The 2006 census gave an estimated number of 105,909 inhabitants but, as in the rest of Nigeria, these figures should be taken with caution. ^[15]

Postal code

The postal code of the area is 611. ^[16]

References

1. Hiribarren, Vincent (2017). A History of Borno: Trans-Saharan African Empire to Failing Nigerian State. C. Hurst & Co. p. 51. ISBN   9781849044745.
2. Lavers, John E. (1993). "The al-Kanimiyyin Shehus: a working chronology". Berichte des Sonderforschungsbereichs. 268 (2): 179–186.
3. W. K. R. Hallam, The life and times of Rabih Fadl Allah (Ilfracombe: Stockwell, 1977).
4. Foliard, Daniel (2020). "La tête de Rabah et le crâne du Mahdi:Histoire croisée de trophées coloniaux français et britanniques". Monde(s) (in French). 17 (1): 111–133. doi:10.3917/mond1.201.0111. ISSN   2261-6268.
5. Tukur, Mahmud Modibbo (2016). "An Exceptional Situation in Borno". British Colonisation of Northern Nigeria, 1897–1914. Amalion Publishing. ISBN   978-2-35926-046-5.
6. Obaro Ikime, ‘The fall of Borno’, in The fall of Nigeria: the British conquest (London: Heinemann Educational, 1977), pp.178-184.
7. Michael Callahan, Mandates and Empire: The League of Nations and Africa 1914-1931 (Sussex Academic Press, 2008) and Michael Callahan, A Sacred Trust: The League of Nations and Africa, 1929-1946 (Sussex Academic Press, 2004).
8. S. J. Hogben and Anthony Kirk-Greene, The Emirates of Northern Nigeria: a Preliminary Survey of Their Historical Traditions (Oxford University Press: London, 1966), p. 352.
9. Report of the United Nations Commissioner for the Supervision of the Plebiscites in the Cameroons under United Kingdom Administration, (T/1491) (New York: Trusteeship Council, United Nations, 1959).
10. "Ground-water hydrology of the Chad Basin in Bornu and Dikwa Emirates, northeastern Nigeria, with special emphasis on the flow life of the artesian system | U.S. Geological Survey". www.usgs.gov. Retrieved 2023-09-13.
11. "Dikwa Climate, Weather By Month, Average Temperature (Nigeria) - Weather Spark". weatherspark.com. Retrieved 2023-09-13.
12. "Dikwa, Borno, NG Climate Zone, Monthly Averages, Historical Weather Data". tcktcktck.org. Retrieved 2023-09-13.
13. "Dikwa, Borno, Nigeria Weather Forecast and Conditions - The Weather Channel | Weather.com". The Weather Channel. Retrieved 2023-09-13.
14. http://e-geopolis.eu/africapolis/Rubrique70_Data/SWAC_agglos2010_site.htm Archived 2015-04-02 at the Wayback Machine [accessed 24 March 2015].
15. http://africacheck.org/factsheets/factsheet-nigerias-population-figures/ [accessed 24 March 2015].
16. "Post Offices- with map of LGA". NIPOST. Archived from the original on 2012-11-26. Retrieved 2009-10-20.

Bibliography

• Anyangwe, Carlson, Betrayal of Too Trusting a People: The UN, the UK and the Trust Territory of the Southern Cameroons (African Books Collective, 2009).
• Callahan, Michael, Mandates and Empire: The League of Nations and Africa 1914-1931 (Sussex Academic Press, 2008).
• Callahan, Michael, A Sacred Trust: The League of Nations and Africa, 1929-1946 (Sussex Academic Press, 2004).
• Chem-Langhëë, Bongfen, The Paradoxes of Self-Determination in the Cameroons under United Kingdom Administration: The Search for Identity, Well-Being, and Continuity (Lanham, MD: University Press of America, 2003).
• Cooper, Malcolm, The Northern Cameroons Plebiscite 1960/61: A Memoir with Photo Archive (Electronic ISBN Publication: Mandaras Publishing, 2010).
• Digre, Brian, Imperialism’s New Clothes : the Repartition of Tropical Africa, 1914-1919 (New York: Lang, 1990).
• Hallam, W. K. R., The life and times of Rabih Fadl Allah (Ilfracombe: Stockwell, 1977).
• Hogben, S. J. and Kirk-Greene, Anthony, The Emirates of Northern Nigeria: a Preliminary Survey of Their Historical Traditions (Oxford University Press: London, 1966), p. 352.
• Ikime, Obaro, ‘The fall of Borno’, in The fall of Nigeria: the British conquest (London: Heinemann Educational, 1977), pp. 178–184.
• Johnson, D. H. N., ‘The Case Concerning the Northern Cameroons’, The International and Comparative Law Quarterly, 13 (1964), 1143-1192.
• Oloa Zambo, Anicet, L’affaire Du Cameroun Septentrional : Cameroun, Royaume-Uni (Paris : l’Harmattan, 2006).
• Osuntokun, Akinjide, Nigeria in the First World War (London: Longman, 1979).
• Prescott, J. R. V., ‘The Evolution of the Anglo-French Inter-Cameroons Boundary’, The Nigerian Geographical Journal, 5 (1962), 103-20.
• Report of the United Nations Commissioner for the Supervision of the Plebiscites in the Cameroons under United Kingdom Administration, (T/1491) (New York: Trusteeship Council, United Nations, 1959).
• Sharwood-Smith, Bryan, “But Always as Friends”: Northern Nigeria and the Cameroons, 1921-1957 (London: Allen & Unwin, 1969).
• Vaughan, James H., ‘Culture, History, and Grass-Roots Politics in a Northern Cameroons Kingdom’, American Anthropologist, New Series, 66 (1964), 1078-1095.
• Yearwood, Peter, ‘Great Britain and the Repartition of Africa, 1914–19’, The Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History, 18 (1990), 316–341.
• Yearwood, Peter, ‘“In a Casual Way with a Blue Pencil”: British Policy and the Partition of Kamerun, 1914-1919’, Canadian Journal of African Studies, 27 (1993), 218-244.
• Yearwood, Peter, ‘From Lines on Maps to National Boundaries: The Case of Northern Nigeria and Cameroun’, in Maps and Africa : Proceedings of a Colloquium at the University of Aberdeen, April 1993, ed. by Jeffrey C. Stone (Aberdeen: Aberdeen University African Studies Group, 1994).
• Yearwood, Peter, “The Reunification of Borno, 1914-1918,” Borno Museum Society Newsletter 25 (1995): 25-45.