| Dinema | |
|---|---|
Scientific classification  | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Phylum: | Euglenozoa |
| Class: | Euglenida |
| Order: | Anisonemida |
| Family: | Anisonemidae |
| Genus: | Dinema Perty [1] |
| Species | |
| Synonyms [2] | |
| |
Dinema, synonym Dinematomonas, [2] is a genus of flagellated algae in the phylum Euglenozoa. [1]
Like other members of the family Anisonemidae, Dinema consists of single-celled organisms with a larger posterior flagellum by means of which they are able to glide. They are phagotrophic, meaning that they feed by engulfing particles of food, and are non-photosynthetic. [3]
The algal genus Dinema was established by Perty in 1852. It is an illegitimate name under the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants. [1] The genus name was first published in 1826 for a genus of orchids. [4] In spite of this, it was accepted by AlgaeBase as of May 2023 [update] . [1] Other sources use the genus name DinematomonasP.C.Silva. [2] Dinema is an acceptable name under the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. [3]
Dinema is probably paraphyletic with respect to Anisonema . [3]
As of May 2023 [update] , AlgaeBase accepted six species: [5]
Chlamydomonadales, also known as Volvocales, are an order of flagellated or pseudociliated green algae, specifically of the Chlorophyceae. Chlamydomonadales can form planar or spherical colonies. These vary from Gonium up to Volvox. Each cell has two flagella, and is similar in appearance to Chlamydomonas, with the flagella throughout the colony moving in coordination.
The glaucophytes, also known as glaucocystophytes or glaucocystids, are a small group of unicellular algae found in freshwater and moist terrestrial environments, less common today than they were during the Proterozoic. The stated number of species in the group varies from about 14 to 26. Together with the red algae (Rhodophyta) and the green algae plus land plants, they form the Archaeplastida.
Pyramimonadales are an order of green algae in the Chlorophyta. The chloroplasts of phototrophic euglenids probably came from endosymbiosis with a member of this order.
Palmellopsis is a genus of green algae, specifically of the Palmellopsidaceae. They are either planktonic or attached to substrates in fresh water, or in aeroterrestrial habitats.
Paulschulzia is a genus of green algae, specifically of the family Tetrasporaceae.
Euglenaceae is a family of flagellates in the phylum Euglenozoa. The family includes the most well-known euglenoid genus, Euglena.
Cafeteria is a genus of marine bicosoecid described in 1988 by Tom Fenchel and D. J. Patterson. It was created after the discovery of a new species, Cafeteria roenbergensis, a tiny (5–10 μm) eukaryotic organism that is eaten by protozoa and small invertebrates. The name is meant to indicate the importance of the genus in the food web.
Calkinsia is a monotypic genus of excavates comprising the single species Calkinsia aureus. It lives in low-oxygen seafloor environments. It is not classified in any of the three well-known groups of the Euglenozoa, but is placed in its own group, the Symbiontida. Some authors have classified Calkinsia alongside Postgaardi, but Postgaardi has not been studied well enough to test this hypothesis.
Postgaardi mariagerensis is a species of single-celled eukaryote in the Euglenozoa. Some have classified it in a class called Postgaardea along with Calkinsia, but as of 2009, Postgaardi is not well enough known to confidently determine its relationship with other organisms in the Euglenozoa. Both it and Calkinsia do live in low oxygen environments and are covered with bacteria which live on their surface.
Pyrenomonas is a genus of cryptomonad.
Bodonida is an order of kinetoplastid flagellate excavates. It contains the genera Bodo and Rhynchomonas, relatives to the parasitic trypanosomes. This order also contains the colonial genus Cephalothamnium.
Myrmecia is a genus of green algae that is associated with lichens.
Petalomonas is a genus of phagotrophic, flagellated euglenoids. Phagotrophic euglenoids are one of the most important forms of flagellates in benthic aquatic systems, playing an important role in microbial food webs. The traits that distinguish this particular genus are highly variable, especially at higher taxa. However, general characteristics such as a rigid cell shape and single emergent flagellum can describe the species among this genus.
Heteronema is a genus of phagotrophic, flagellated euglenoids that are most widely distributed in fresh water environments. This genus consists of two very distinguishable morphogroups that are phylogenetically closely related. These morphogroups are deciphered based on shape, locomotion and other ultrastructural traits. However, this genus does impose taxonomic problems due to the varying historical descriptions of Heteronema species and its similarity to the genus Paranema. The species H. exaratum, was the first heteronemid with a skidding motion to be sequenced, which led to the discovery that it was not closely related to H. scaphrum, contrary to what was previously assumed, but instead to a sister group of primary osmotrophs. This suggests that skidding heteronemids can also be distinguished phylogenetically, being more closely related to Anisoma, Dinema and Aphageae, than to other species within Heteronema.
Wislouchia is a genus of chlorophyte green algae. The name was first published in 2021, as a replacement name for Raciborskiella. As of February 2022, it was the only genus in the family Wislouchiaceae.
The flagellated alga Dinema platysomum, synonym Anisonema platysomum, is the first eukaryote in which magnetotactic structures have been discovered. Monje & Baran (2004) describe how this euglenoid alga stores magnetite in a similar way that already discovered magnetotactic bacteria do. It has been shown that the cells contain magnetite particles aligned with the longitudinal axis of the alga, and each magnetite chain is a permanent dipole. The observed magnetic momentum of the cell has been estimated to be 1000 times stronger than those of typical magnetotactic bacteria.
Anisonemidae is a small family of euglenid algae, with two accepted genera. It is the only family in the order Anisonemida.