Diplosentidae | |
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Scientific classification ![]() | |
Domain: | Eukaryota |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Acanthocephala |
Class: | Palaeacanthocephala |
Order: | Echinorhynchida |
Family: | Diplosentidae Meyer, 1932 |
Diplosentidae is a family of parasitic worms from the order Echinorhynchida.
The family Diplosentidae was described by Tubangui and Masiluñgan in 1937 based on Diplosentis amphacanthi. The family now contains six genera divided into two subfamilies: Allorhadinorhynchinae and Diplosentinae. The family is characterised by the absence of spines on the trunk and the presence of just two cement glands (used to temporarily close the posterior end of the female after copulation), heavily coiled lemnisci (bundles of sensory nerve fibers) that are enclosed in a membranous sac. They also share similar hooks on the proboscis. [1]
Golvan, in 1969, placed the genus Pararhadinorhynchus in the family Diplosentinae because they had two cement glands and no trunk spines. In the same year, Golvan created Allorhadinorhynchinae based on the genus Allorhadinorhynchus which has two cement glands and trunk spines. In 1978, Noronha et al. added the genus Golvanorhynchus and in 1996 Amin and Sey added the genus Slendrorhynchus and in 2000 Salgado-Maldonado and Santos added the genus Amapacanthus all within the Allorhadinorhynchinae subfamily. [1]
Two of these genera (Golvanorhynchus and Slendrorhynchus) modified the concept of this family to include genera with more than two cement glands. The type species of Allorhadinorhynchus, A. segmentatum was described by Yamaguti in 1959 as having only two cement glands but Araki and Machida in 1987 showed that this species has four cement glands. They proposed the new combination of Micracanthorhynchina segmentata which implies membership of the Rhadinorhynchidae. As a result, they synonymized Allorhadinorhynchus with Micracanthorhynchina. [1]
Arhythmacanthidae has 2 subfamilies (Allorhadinorhynchinae and Diplosentinae) and the following species: [2]
AllorhadinorhynchusYamaguti, 1959 contains one species.
A. segmentatum is the only species and thus the type species of the genus Allorhadinorhynchus. It parasitizes the Japanese halfbeak (Hyporhamphus sajori). [1] It is proposed to be a synonym of Micracanthorhynchina by two studies. [3]
AmapacanthusSalgado-Maldonado & Santos, 2000 contains one species.
A. amazonicus parasitizes the Passany sea catfish (Sciades passany reported as the synonym Arius passany) and the Foureyes (Anableps microleps). [1]
DiplosentisTubangui & Masilungan, 1937 contains two species.
D. amphacanthi was collected in the Philippines from the White-spotted spinefoot (Siganus canaliculatus but reported as the synonym Amphacanthus oramin) which occurs widely in the tropical Indo-Pacific. [1]
D. manteri was described from a single specimen from the Threadfin sea catfish (Arius arius) in India. [1]
PararhadinorhynchusJohnston and Edmonds, 1947 contains three species.
P. coorongensis was found parasitizing the Yellow-eye mullet (Aldrichetta forsteri). [1]
It is commonly found parasitizing the Flathead grey mullet (Mugil cephalus). [4]
P. upenei was found parasitizing the Sulphur goatfish (Upeneus sulphureus). [1]
Diplosentidae species parasitize fish hosts.
The thorny-headed worm family Polymorphidae contains endoparasites which as adults feed mainly in fish and aquatic birds. When this taxon was erected by Meyer in 1931, a subfamily Polymorphinae was established in it. As the Polymorphidae as presently understood would then be monotypic, with no basal genera outside the Polymorphinae, the proposed subfamily is redundant for the time being and therefore most modern treatments simply omit it. Polymorphus minutus is an economically significant parasite in goose and duck farming.
Mediorhynchus is a genus of small parasitic spiny-headed worms. Phylogenetic analysis has been conducted on two known species of Mediorhynchus and confirmed the placement along with the related genus Gigantorhynchus in the family Gigantorhynchida. The distinguishing features of this order among archiacanthocephalans is a divided proboscis. This genus contains fifty-eight species that are distributed globally. These worms exclusively parasitize birds by attaching themselves around the cloaca using their hook-covered proboscis. The bird hosts are of different orders.
Centrorhynchidae is a family of parasitic worms. Three species of these thorny-headed worms in the genus Centrorhynchus were found to parasitize birds of prey and owls Slovakia. These hosts include Buteo buteo, Buteo rufinus, Falco tinnunculus, Asio otus, Strix aluco, Strix uralensis and Tyto alba.
Echinorhynchida is an order of parasitic worms in the phylum Acanthocephala. It contains the following families:
Arhythmacanthidae is a family of parasitic worms from the order Echinorhynchida.
Cavisomidae are a family of parasitic worms from the order Echinorhynchida.
Leptorhynchoididae is a family of parasitic worms from the order Echinorhynchida.
Rhadinorhynchidae is a family of parasitic worms from the order Echinorhynchida.
Plagiorhynchidae is a family of parasitic Acanthocephalan worms.
Telosentis exiguus is a widespread intestinal parasitic worm. Its hosts are marine and brackish water fish of the Mediterranean basin.
Transvenidae is a family of parasitic spiny-headed worms in the order Echinorhynchida. This family contains three species divided into two genera.
Diplosentis is a genus of worms belonging to the family Diplosentidae.
Pararhadinorhynchus is a genus of worms belonging to the family Diplosentidae.
Breizacanthus is a genus in Acanthocephala.
Pachysentis is a genus in Acanthocephala that parasitize primates and carnivorans. They are distributed across Africa, the Middle East, and the Americas. Pachysentis species attach themselves to the inner lining of the gastrointestinal tract of their hosts using their hook-covered proboscis. Their life cycle includes an egg stage found in host feces, a cystacanth (larval) stage in an intermediate host such as the Egyptian cobra, and an adult stage where cystacanths mature in the intestines of the host. This genus appears identical to the closely related Oncicola apart from a greater number of hooks on the proboscis. There are eleven species assigned to this genus, although P. septemserialis is of uncertain taxonomic status. The female worms range from 12 millimetres (0.47 in) long and 1.6 millimetres (0.063 in) wide in P. lauroi to 50 millimetres (2.0 in) long and 4 millimetres (0.16 in) wide in P. dollfusi. Virtually all of the length is the trunk, with a short proboscis. There is pronounced sexual dimorphism in this species as females are around twice the size of the males.
Cathayacanthus is a genus in Acanthocephala.
Isthomosacanthidae is a family of parasitic spiny-headed worms.
Caballerorhynchus is a monotypic genus of acanthocephalans containing a single species, Caballerorhynchus lamothei, that infests animals.
Neoechinorhynchus is a genus of parasitic worms belonging to the family Neoechinorhynchidae.
Nephridiacanthus is a genus of parasitic worms belonging to the family Oligacanthorhynchidae.
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