The Syngnathidae is a family of fish which includes seahorses, pipefishes, and seadragons. The name is derived from Ancient Greek: σύν, meaning "together", and γνάθος, meaning "jaw". The fused jaw is one of the traits that the entire family have in common.
The longsnout pipefish is a pipefish of the family Syngnathidae. It has only been recorded from midwater and bottom trawls at depths of 37–212 metres (121–696 ft). The habitat and biology of this species are almost unknown but juveniles have been recorded in the stomachs of blue penguins and Snares penguins.
Barbour's seahorse is a species of fish of the family Syngnathidae.
Hippocampus coronatus, commonly known as the high-crowned seahorse or crowned seahorse, is a species of fish of the family Syngnathidae. It is endemic to the Pacific coastal waters of Japan, where it lives among Zostera seagrasses. It can grow to lengths of 10.8 centimetres (4.3 in), but is more commonly 6 centimetres (2.4 in). Individuals feed mainly on small crustaceans such as gammarid amphipods and copepods, although this can vary by size, with smaller individuals consuming copepods while larger individuals feed on amphipods and mysids. This species is ovoviviparous, with males brooding eggs in a brood pouch before giving birth to live young. Breeding season occurs from June to November, with females and males reaching sexual maturity at 6.9 centimetres (2.7 in) and 7.3 centimetres (2.9 in) respectively. Male brood size ranges from 12–46. The International trade in this species has been monitored through Appendix II of the CITES licensing system since 2004 and a minimum size of 10 centimetres (3.9 in) applies to traded specimens.
Hippocampus fisheri, commonly known as Fisher's seahorse, or the Hawaiian seahorse, is a species of fish of the family Syngnathidae. It is known from the Hawaiian Islands, although previous misidentifications indicated species occurrences in Australia and New Caledonia. Habitat preferences are unknown, but it has been found far away from shore and at depths greater than 100 metres (330 ft). Feeding habits are also unknown, but individuals are expected to feed on small crustaceans similar to other seahorses. Hippocampus fisheri is one out of the three species of Hippocampus genus found in the Hawaiian islands. They are also expected to be ovoviviparous, with males carrying eggs in a brood pouch before giving birth to live young. Individuals can grow to lengths of 8 centimetres (3.1 in). The specific name and the common name honour "Walter V. Fisher” of Stanford University. There was a Walter Kenrick Fisher who was Jordan and Evermann's colleague at Stanford and the “V” is assumed to be a typo.
The slender seahorse or longsnout seahorse is a species of fish in the family Syngnathidae that usually inhabits subtropical regions.
Shiho's seahorse or Sindo's Seahorse, painted seahorse is a species of fish in the family Syngnathidae. It is endemic to the Pacific coastal waters of Japan. This species reaches a length of ca. 8 cm. It was listed by the IUCN Red List as Vulnerable in 1996 and Data Deficient in 2003, but was later reclassified as Least Concern. The specific name honours Michitaro Sindo, who was originally from Yamaguchi and who was assistant curator of fishes at Stanford University.
The estuarine pipefish or river pipefish is a species of fish in the family Syngnathidae. It is endemic to South Africa and has been sporadically recorded in the estuarine portions of the Kariega, Kasouga, Bushmans, East Kleinemonde and West Kleinemonde rivers. It can be readily distinguished from another southern African pipefish with which it shares its habitat, S. temminckii, by its much shorter snout. The estuarine pipefish is most commonly found in beds of the eelgrass Zostera capensis.
Satomi's pygmy seahorse is the smallest known seahorse in the world with an average length of 13.8 millimetres (0.54 in) and an approximate height of 11.5 millimetres (0.45 in).
Barbodes rhombeus is a species of cyprinid fish native to the Southeast Asian countries of Cambodia, Laos and Thailand where it inhabits clear hill streams. This species can reach a length of 6.5 centimetres (2.6 in) SL.
Poropuntius solitus is a species of freshwater, ray-finned fish in the genus Poropuntius. It was first described by Maurice Kottelat in 2000. This species is found in tributaries to the Xe Kong River on the eastern half of the Bolaven Plateau in Laos. Its population is decreasing due to overfishing, and proposed efforts to dam the river and its tributaries further threaten the species. The Poropuntius solitus is currently considered an endangered species by the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources.
Hippocampus tyro is a seahorse, a fish in the family Syngnathidae. The species is only known from a single specimen caught off of the coast of the Seychelles at a depth of between 43 and 48m.
The ruby seadragon is a marine fish in the family Syngnathidae, which also includes seahorses. It inhabits the coast of Western Australia. The species was first described in 2015, making it only the third known species of seadragon, and the first to be discovered in 150 years. A specimen found on shore in 2007 was 23.5 cm (9.3 in) long.
Choeroichthys smithi is a species of marine fish of the family Syngnathidae. It is found in the western Indian Ocean along the coasts of Reunion, Mauritius, the Seychelles, Madagascar, Tanzania, Mozambique, and South Africa. It is a demersal species, inhabiting tide pools and reef flats in coastal waters where it can grow to lengths of 5 cm. This species is ovoviviparous, with males carrying the eggs and giving birth to live young. The specific name honours the South African ichthyologist J.L.B. Smith (1897-1968) who collected the material which was used as the holotype by Dawson when he described the species.
Doryichthys boaja, the long-snouted pipefish, is a species of freshwater fish of the family Syngnathidae. It is widely distributed in Southeast Asia, found in Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, Cambodia and Vietnam. It lives in streams and rivers, where it feeds on small crustaceans, worms and insects. It can grow to a maximum length of 41 cm, making it the largest recorded freshwater pipefish. This species is ovoviviparous, with the male carrying eggs before giving birth to live young.
Doryichthys deokhatoides is a species of freshwater fish of the family Syngnathidae. It is found in the Mekong basin, Chao Phraya basin, Malay Peninsula, Sumatra and Borneo. It lives among grasses, roots or shore vegetation in slow moving river stretches, where it can grow to lengths of 18.5 centimetres (7.3 in). It is benthopelagic. This species is ovoviviparous, with males carrying eggs in a brood pouch before giving birth to live young. This species is normally found along river stretches with a slow current, amongst grasses, roots or marginal vegetation.
Doryichthys heterosoma is a species of freshwater fish of the family Syngnathidae. It is only known from four specimens, which were collected from the Sambas River in West Kalimantan and the Natuna Islands in 1851. It is thought to be endemic to these locations, feeding on small crustaceans and insect larvae, where it can attain a maximum length of at least 35 centimetres (14 in). This species is ovoviviparous, with males carrying eggs and giving birth to live young.
Doryichthys martensii is a species of freshwater, benthopelagic, fish of the family Syngnathidae. It is found in Indonesia, Malaysia, Brunei Darussalam, and Thailand. It lives in rivers and streams, where it is reported to feed on mosquito larvae and grow to a max length of 15 centimetres (5.9 in). This species is ovoviviparous, with males carrying eggs and giving birth to live young. Males may brood at 10.4 centimetres (4.1 in).
Festucalex kulbickii, commonly known as Kulbicki's pipefish, or New Caledonian pipefish, is a species of marine fish of the family Syngnathidae. It is found from West Papua, Indonesia and Papua New Guinea to New Caledonia. It lives in coral reefs to depths of 56 metres (184 ft), where it can grow to lengths of 6.8 centimetres (2.7 in). It is expected to feed on small crustaceans, similar to other pipefish. This species is ovoviviparous, with males brooding eggs and giving birth to live young. The specific name honours Dr. Michel Kulbicki of L’Institut de recherche pour le développement (IRD) in Nouméa, New Caledonia.
Lissocampus bannwarthi is a species of marine pipefish belonging to the family Syngnathidae.
