Echemella

Echemella
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Subphylum:	Chelicerata
Class:	Arachnida
Order:	Araneae
Infraorder:	Araneomorphae
Family:	Gnaphosidae
Genus:	Echemella; Strand, 1906 [1]
Type species
	E. quinquedentata ; Strand, 1906
Species
	6, see text
Synonyms [1]
	Allodrassus Strand, 1906 [2] ; Maniana Strand, 1906 [2] ;

Last updated August 27, 2019

Echemella is a genus of African ground spiders that was first described by Embrik Strand in 1906.^[3]

A genus is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms, as well as viruses, in biology. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family. In binomial nomenclature, the genus name forms the first part of the binomial species name for each species within the genus.

Africa is the world's second largest and second most-populous continent, being behind Asia in both categories. At about 30.3 million km² including adjacent islands, it covers 6% of Earth's total surface area and 20% of its land area. With 1.2 billion people as of 2016, it accounts for about 16% of the world's human population. The continent is surrounded by the Mediterranean Sea to the north, the Isthmus of Suez and the Red Sea to the northeast, the Indian Ocean to the southeast and the Atlantic Ocean to the west. The continent includes Madagascar and various archipelagos. It contains 54 fully recognised sovereign states (countries), nine territories and two de facto independent states with limited or no recognition. The majority of the continent and its countries are in the Northern Hemisphere, with a substantial portion and number of countries in the Southern Hemisphere.

Embrik Strand was an entomologist and arachnologist who classified many insect and spider species including the greenbottle blue tarantula.

Species

As of May 2019^[update] it contains six species, mostly from Ethiopia:^[1]

Ethiopia, officially the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, is a country in the northeastern part of Africa, known as the Horn of Africa. It shares borders with Eritrea to the north, Djibouti to the northeast, the de facto state of Somaliland and Somalia to the east, Kenya to the south, South Sudan to the west and Sudan to the northwest. With over 102 million inhabitants, Ethiopia is the most populous landlocked country in the world and the second-most populous nation on the African continent with a total area of 1,100,000 square kilometres (420,000 sq mi). Its capital and largest city is Addis Ababa, which lies a few miles west of the East African Rift that splits the country into the Nubian and Somali tectonic plates.

Echemella occulta (Benoit, 1965) – Congo
Echemella pavesii (Simon, 1909) – Ethiopia
Echemella quinquedentata Strand, 1906 (type) – Ethiopia
Echemella sinuosa Murphy & Russell-Smith, 2007 – Ethiopia
Echemella strandi (Caporiacco, 1940) – Ethiopia
Echemella tenuis Murphy & Russell-Smith, 2007 – Ethiopia

Eugène Louis Simon was a French naturalist who worked particularly on insects and spiders, but also on birds and plants. He is by far the most prolific spider taxonomist in history, describing over 4,000 species.

In zoological nomenclature, a type species is the species name with which the name of a genus or subgenus is considered to be permanently taxonomically associated, i.e., the species that contains the biological type specimen(s). A similar concept is used for suprageneric groups called a type genus.

Related Research Articles

Ground spiders comprise Gnaphosidae, the seventh largest spider family with nearly 2,000 described species in over 100 genera distributed worldwide. There are 105 species known to central Europe, and common genera include Gnaphosa, Drassodes, Micaria, Cesonia, Zelotes and many others. They are closely related to Clubionidae. At present, no ground spiders are known to be seriously venomous to humans.

Linyphiidae is a family of very small spiders, including more than 4,300 described species in 601 genera worldwide. This makes Linyphiidae the second largest family of spiders after the Salticidae. New species are still being discovered throughout the world, and the family is poorly known. Because of the difficulty in identifying such tiny spiders, there are regular changes in taxonomy as species are combined or divided.

Euophrys is a genus of spiders in the family Salticidae with almost worldwide distribution.

Giuiria is a monotypic genus of Ethiopian jumping spiders containing the single species, Giuiria unica. It was first described by Embrik Strand in 1906, and is only found in Ethiopia.

Hyllus is a genus of the spider family Salticidae.

Icius is a genus of jumping spiders described by Eugène Simon in 1876, belonging to the Order Araneae, Family Salticidae.

Pellenes is a spider genus of the Salticidae family.

Philaeus is a spider genus of the Salticidae family.

Phintella is a spider genus of the Salticidae family.

Phlegra is a genus of jumping spiders found in Eurasia and Africa, with one species occurring only in North America. The name is a reference to a mythical location in both Greek and Roman mythology.

Stenaelurillus is a genus of jumping spiders first described by Eugène Simon in 1886. Most species live in Africa, with some species found in Asia, including China. All species have two white longitudinal stripes on the carapace, and both sexes show strong bristles around the eyes. The name is combined from Greek sten- "narrow" and the salticid genus Aelurillus.

Thiratoscirtus is a spider genus of the Salticidae family.

Cithaeronidae is a small family of araneomorph spiders first described by Simon in 1893 Female Cithaeron are about 5 to 7 millimetres long, males about 4 millimetres (0.16 in).

Drassodes is a genus of ground spiders that was first described by Niklas Westring in 1851. They are brown, gray, and red spiders that live under rocks or bark in mostly dry habitats, and are generally 3.8 to 11.6 millimetres long, but can reach up to 20 millimetres (0.79 in) in length.

Zelotibia is a genus of African ground spiders that was first described by A. Russell-Smith & J. A. Murphy in 2005.

Eusparassus is a genus of huntsman spiders found in Africa, Europe, the Middle East, Asia, and Peru. The genus was first described by Eugène Simon in 1903.

Afromynoglenes is a monotypic genus of East African dwarf spiders containing the single species, Afromynoglenes parkeri. It was first described by P. Merrett & A. Russell-Smith in 1996, and has only been found in Ethiopia.

Zelowan is a genus of African ground spiders that was first described by J. A. Murphy & A. Russell-Smith in 2010.

Theumella is a genus of spiders in the Gnaphosidae family. It was first described in 1906 by Strand. As of 2017, it contains 2 species, both Ethiopian.

Trabea is a genus of wolf spiders first described by Eugène Simon in 1876.

References

1 2 3 "Gen. Echemella Strand, 1906". World Spider Catalog Version 20.0. Natural History Museum Bern. 2019. doi:10.24436/2 . Retrieved 2019-06-04.
1 2 Murphy, J.; Russell-Smith, A. (2007). "A revision of the spider genus Echemella Strand 1906 (Araneae, Gnaphosidae)". Journal of Afrotropical Zoology. 3: 16.
↑ Strand, E. (1906). "Diagnosen nordafrikanischer, hauptsächlich von Carlo Freiherr von Erlanger gesammelter Spinnen". Zoologischer Anzeiger. 30: 655–690.

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[NMBE-1] 1 2 3 "Gen. Echemella Strand, 1906". World Spider Catalog Version 20.0. Natural History Museum Bern. 2019. doi:10.24436/2 . Retrieved 2019-06-04.

[Murp2007-2] 1 2 Murphy, J.; Russell-Smith, A. (2007). "A revision of the spider genus Echemella Strand 1906 (Araneae, Gnaphosidae)". Journal of Afrotropical Zoology. 3: 16.

[Stra1906-3] Strand, E. (1906). "Diagnosen nordafrikanischer, hauptsächlich von Carlo Freiherr von Erlanger gesammelter Spinnen". Zoologischer Anzeiger. 30: 655–690.