| Elaphostrongylus | |
|---|---|
Scientific classification  | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Nematoda |
| Class: | Chromadorea |
| Order: | Rhabditida |
| Family: | Protostrongylidae |
| Genus: | Elaphostrongylus Cameron, 1931 [1] |
Elaphostrongylus is a genus of parasitic nematodes in the family Protostrongylidae. [2]
Intermediate hosts of Elaphostrongylus spp. are terrestrial gastropods and they include:
Experimental hosts of Elaphostrongylus spp. can also be freshwater snails. [2] For example Lymnaea stagnalis has been experimentally infected with Elaphostrongylus rangiferi . [3]
Elaphostrongylus spp. causes cerebral nematodiasis. [2] Definitive host include Cervidae: moose Alces alces , [2] Cervus elaphus and reindeer Rangifer tarandus .
Parelaphostrongylus tenuis is a neurotropic nematode parasite common to white-tailed deer, Odocoileus virginianus, which causes damage to the central nervous system. Moose, elk, caribou, mule deer, and others are also susceptible to the parasite, but are aberrant hosts and are infected in neurological instead of meningeal tissue. The frequency of infection in these species increases dramatically when their ranges overlap high densities of white-tailed deer.
Brachylaima is a genus of trematodes that can infect the gastrointestinal tract of human beings.
Moose sickness is a neurological condition seen in the northern mixed-wood forests of central and eastern North America where moose distribution overlaps with that of white-tailed deer. The disease is characterized by an unsteady gait, stumbling, head held to one side, circling, staying in one location, and in severe cases, being unable to get up.
Zonitoides nitidus is a species of small, air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusc in the family Gastrodontidae.
Limax cinereoniger, the ash-black slug is a large species of air-breathing land slug in the terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusc family Limacidae, the keelback slugs. This is the largest land slug species in the world.
Malacolimax tenellus is a species of air-breathing land slug, a shell-less terrestrial gastropod mollusk in the family Limacidae.
Lymnaea stagnalis, better known as the great pond snail, is a species of large air-breathing freshwater snail, an aquatic pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Lymnaeidae. The great pond snail is a model organism to study parasitology, neurology, embryonal development and genetic regulation.
Radix auricularia, the big-ear radix, is a species of medium-sized freshwater snail, an aquatic pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Lymnaeidae.
Vitrina pellucida is species of small land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Vitrinidae, the glass snails.
Sarcocystis is a genus of parasitic Apicomplexan alveolates. Species in this genus infect reptiles, birds and mammals. The name is derived from Greek: sarkos = flesh and kystis = bladder.
Echinostoma revolutum is a trematode parasite of which the adults can infect birds and mammals, including humans. In humans, it causes echinostomiasis.
Hypoderaeum conoideum is a species of digenetic trematodes in the family Echinostomatidae.
The eastern forest–boreal transition is a temperate broadleaf and mixed forests ecoregion of North America, mostly in eastern Canada. It is a transitional zone or region between the predominantly coniferous Boreal Forest and the mostly deciduous broadleaf forest region further south.
The Alberta Mountain forests are a temperate coniferous forests ecoregion of Western Canada, as defined by the World Wildlife Fund (WWF) categorization system.
The Midwestern Canadian Shield forests ecoregion, in the Taiga and Boreal forests Biome, are of northern Canada.
Dermacentor albipictus, the winter tick, is a species of hard tick that parasitizes many different mammal species in North America. It is commonly associated with cervid species such as elk, white-tailed deer, mule deer and caribou but is primarily known as a serious pest of moose. As early as 1909, Ernest Thompson Seton described the winter tick as a greater enemy of the moose than were "wolves, bears, and cougars."
Protostrongylidae is a family of nematodes belonging to the order Strongylida.
The Canadian Low Arctic Tundra ecoregion covers a rolling landscape of shrubby tundra vegetation along the northern edge of the mainland Canada along the border of the Northwest Territories and Nunavut, and a small portion in Quebec on the northeast coast of Hudson Bay. The region is important for large herds of caribou and other large mammals, and for large nesting colonies of birds such as snow geese. The region is mostly intact, with 95% remaining intact.
The Ogilvie–MacKenzie alpine tundra ecoregion covers the mountainous middle of the Yukon Territory in Canada, with extensions into the Northwest Territories. The vegetation is alpine and subalpine open forest of stunted spruce, fir and pine. The area is rugged but sections appear to have been unglaciated in the late Pleistocene and there are therefore relic species in the region. The area is remote and supports large, sustainable predator-prey systems.