Electoral history of Tommy Douglas

Last updated
Douglas, c. 1971 TommyDouglas-c1971-crop.jpg
Douglas, c. 1971

This is the electoral history of Tommy Douglas, the seventh premier of Saskatchewan from 1944 to 1961.

Contents

In addition to his role as premier, Douglas was a Co-operative Commonwealth Federation (CCF) member of the Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan during the same time period for the constituency of Weyburn. Having earlier served as a CCF member of the House of Commons of Canada for Weyburn from 1935 to 1944, Douglas re-entered federal politics in 1961 when he became the first leader of the newly-created New Democratic Party (NDP). He served as an NDP member of the House of Commons of Canada from 1962 to 1968 and 1969 to 1979, and he stepped down from the role of party leader in 1971.

Overview

Electoral history of Tommy Douglas — Provincial and federal general elections
YearTypePartyVotesSeatsPosition
Total %±%Total±
1944 Provincial Co-operative
Commonwealth 		211,36453.1%+34.4%+37Majority government
1948 236,90047.6%−5.5%−16Majority government
1952 291,70554.1%+6.5%+11Majority government
1956 249,63445.3%−8.8%−6Majority government
1960 276,84640.8%−4.5%+1Majority government
1962 Federal New Democratic 1,044,75413.57%N/AN/AFourth party
1963 1,044,70113.22%−0.35%−2Fourth party
1965 1,381,65817.91%+4.69%+4Third party
1968 1,378,26316.96%−0.95%+1Third party
Electoral history of Tommy Douglas — Provincial and federal constituency elections
YearTypeRidingPartyVotes for DouglasResult Swing
Total %P.±%
1934 Provincial general Weyburn Farmer–Labour 1,34325.84%3rdN/ALostGain
1935 Federal general Weyburn Co-operative
Commonwealth 		7,28045.00%1stN/AElectedGain
1940 8,50952.10%1st+7.10%ElectedHold
1944 Provincial general Weyburn 5,60561.63%1stN/AElectedGain
1948 6,27356.31%1st−5.32%ElectedHold
1952 6,02059.86%1st+3.55%ElectedHold
1956 4,93048.17%1st−11.69%ElectedHold
1960 5,05448.43%1st+0.26%ElectedHold
1962 Federal general Regina City New Democratic 12,73628.94%2ndN/ALostHold
1962Federal by-election Burnaby—Coquitlam 16,31350.43%1stN/AElectedHold
1963 Federal general19,06746.37%1st−4.06%ElectedHold
1965 22,55352.92%1st+6.55%ElectedHold
1968 Burnaby—Seymour 17,75344.89%2ndN/ALostGain
1969Federal by-election Nanaimo—Cowichan
—The Islands 		19,73057.03%1stN/AElectedHold
1972 Federal general25,48356.93%1st−0.10%ElectedHold
Electoral history of Tommy Douglas — party leadership elections
YearPartyVotes %P.Result
1942 Saskatchewan Co-operative Commonwealth not announced1stWon
1943 challenge not announced1stWon
1961 Federal New Democratic Party 1,39178.5%1stWon

Provincial constituency elections

Douglas stood for election to the Legislative Assembly in six general elections, all in the constituency of Weyburn. He was defeated in his first election, in 1934, but was elected in the five general elections from 1944 to 1960. [1]

1934 general election

General Election, June 19, 1934: Weyburn
PartyCandidatePopular Vote %
Liberal E Hugh Elliott Eaglesham 2,28143.89%
Conservative X Robert Sterritt Leslie 1,54429.71%
Farmer–Labour Tommy Douglas1,34325.84%
  Independent James Logan Coltart290.56%
Total5,197100.00%
Source: Saskatchewan Archives — Election Results by Electoral Division [1]

E Elected.
X Incumbent.

1944 general election

General Election, June 15, 1944: Weyburn
PartyCandidatePopular Vote %
  Co-operative Commonwealth Federation E Tommy Douglas5,60561.63%
Liberal James Weyburn Adolphe3,48938.37%
Total9,094100.00%
Source: Saskatchewan Archives — Election Results by Electoral Division [1]

E Elected.

1948 general election

General Election, June 24, 1948: Weyburn
PartyCandidatePopular Vote %
  Co-operative Commonwealth Federation EX Tommy Douglas6,27356.31%
 Liberal-Progressive ConservativeFergus Charles Eaglesham4,22837.96%
Social Credit Isabel Paxman6385.73%
Total11,139100.00%
Source: Saskatchewan Archives — Election Results by Electoral Division [1]

E Elected.
X Incumbent.

1952 general election

General Election, June 11, 1952: Weyburn
PartyCandidatePopular Vote %
  Co-operative Commonwealth Federation EX Tommy Douglas6,02059.86%
Liberal Donald Morrow4,03740.14%
Total10,057100.00%
Source: Saskatchewan Archives — Election Results by Electoral Division [1]

E Elected.
X Incumbent.

1956 general election

General Election, June 20, 1956: Weyburn
PartyCandidatePopular Vote %
  Co-operative Commonwealth Federation EX Tommy Douglas4,93048.17%
Liberal Junior Herbert Staveley4,23441.37%
Social Credit Gustav Theodore Froese1,07010.46%
Total10,234100.00%
Source: Saskatchewan Archives — Election Results by Electoral Division [1]

E Elected.
X Incumbent.

1960 general election

General Election, June 8, 1960: Weyburn
PartyCandidatePopular Vote %
  Co-operative Commonwealth Federation Yes check.svg X Tommy Douglas5,05448.43%
Liberal Junior Herbert Staveley4,45342.67%
Progressive Conservative Hugh McGillivray6215.95%
Social Credit William Tabor3072.94%
Total10,43599.99%1
Source: Saskatchewan Archives — Election Results by Electoral Division [1]

X Elected.
X Incumbent.
1 Rounding error.

Provincial general elections

Douglas led the CCF in five general elections: 1944, 1948, 1952, 1956 and 1960. He won a majority government each time.

1944 general election

The 1944 election was one of the most lopsided in Saskatchewan history. The CCF won 47 seats in the Legislative Assembly, with the Liberals reduced to only five seats.

Saskatchewan general election: June 15, 1944
PartyLeadersSeats WonPopular VotePopular Vote
Percentage
  Co-operative Commonwealth Federation Tommy Douglas147211,36453.13%
Liberal William John Patterson 25140,90135.42%
Progressive Conservative Rupert Ramsay042,51110.69%
Labour Progressive –02,0670.52%
Independent –07050.18%
Social Credit Joseph Needham 02490.06%
  Independent Liberal –050.00%3
Total52397,802100.0%
Source: Elections Saskatchewan — Elections Results — 1944

1 Member of the federal Parliament until shortly before the election was called; Premier after election.
2 Premier when election was called; Leader of the Opposition after election.
3 Rounds to zero.

1948 general election

Douglas led the CCF in the 1948 election, and again won a majority, but with a much reduced seat count. The Liberals made significant comeback under a new leader, Walter Tucker, but remained the Official Opposition.

Saskatchewan general election: June 24, 1948
PartyLeadersSeats WonPopular VotePopular Vote
Percentage
  Co-operative Commonwealth Federation Tommy Douglas131236,90047.56%
Liberal Walter Tucker 219152,40030.60%
Independent –111,0882.23%
 Conservative Liberal–15,2511.05%
Social Credit –040,2688.09%
Progressive Conservative Rupert Ramsay037,9867.63%
 Liberal-Progressive Conservative–09,5741.92%
  Independent Liberal –03,2990.66%
Labour Progressive –01,3010.26%
Total52498,067100.00%
Source: Elections Saskatchewan — Elections Results — 1948

1 Premier when election was called; Premier after election.
2 Leader of the Opposition when election was called; Leader of the Opposition after election.

1952 general election

In his third general election, Douglas again led the CCF to a majority government, with an increased seat count from the 1948 election. The Liberals remained the Official Opposition.

Saskatchewan general election: June 11, 1952
PartyLeadersSeats WonPopular VotePopular Vote
Percentage
  Co-operative Commonwealth Federation Tommy Douglas142291,70554.06%
Liberal Walter Tucker 211211,88239.27%
Social Credit –021,0453.90%
Progressive Conservative Alvin Hamilton 010,6481.97%
  Independent Progressive Conservative –01,5420.29%
Independent –01,5170.28%
Labour Progressive –01,1510.21%
  Independent Liberal –01030.02%
Total53539,593100.00%
Source: Elections Saskatchewan — Elections Results — 1952

1 Premier when election was called; Premier after election.
2 Leader of the Opposition when election was called; Leader of the Opposition after election.

1956 general election

In his fourth general election, Douglas again led the CCF to a majority government, with a reduced seat count from the 1952 election. The Liberals remained the Official Opposition, with a new leader, Alexander Hamilton McDonald.

Saskatchewan general election: June 20, 1956
PartyLeadersSeats WonPopular VotePopular Vote
Percentage
  Co-operative Commonwealth Federation Tommy Douglas136249,63445.25%
Liberal Alexander Hamilton McDonald 214167,42730.34%
Social Credit –3118,49121.48%
Progressive Conservative Alvin Hamilton 010,9211.98%
Independent –04,7140.85%
Labour Progressive –05360.10%
Total53551,723100.00%
Source: Elections Saskatchewan — Elections Results — 1956

1 Premier when election was called; Premier after election.
2 Leader of the Opposition when election was called; Leader of the Opposition after election.

1960 general election

In his fifth and last general election, Douglas again led the CCF to a majority government. The Liberals remained the Official Opposition under a new leader, Ross Thatcher.

Saskatchewan general election: June 20, 1960
PartyLeadersSeats WonPopular VotePopular Vote
Percentage
  Co-operative Commonwealth Federation Tommy Douglas137276,84640.76%
Liberal Ross Thatcher 217221,93232.67%
Progressive Conservative Martin Pederson 094,73713.95%
Social Credit –083,89512.35%
Independent –01,4170.21%
Communist –03800.06%
Total54679,207100.00%
Source: Elections Saskatchewan — Elections Results — 1960

1 Premier when election was called; Premier after election.
2 Leader of the Saskatchewan Liberal Party without seat in the Assembly when election called; Leader of the Opposition after election.

Federal constituency elections

Douglas stood for election to the House of Common ten times, in two different provinces (Saskatchewan and British Columbia), and in five different ridings. He was elected eight times and defeated twice. [2]

1935 general election

Federal Election, 1935: Weyburn, Saskatchewan
PartyCandidatePopular Vote %
  Co-operative Commonwealth Federation E Tommy Douglas7,28045.0%
Liberal X Edward James Young 6,97943.14%
Communist George Beischel1,5579.62%
Social Credit Morton Allison Fletcher3622.24%
Total16,178100.00%
Source: Library of Parliament – Weyburn

E Elected.
X Incumbent.

1940 general election

Federal Election, 1940: Weyburn, Saskatchewan
PartyCandidatePopular Vote %
  Co-operative Commonwealth Federation EX Tommy Douglas8,50952.10%
Liberal Thomas Niddrie Metheral7,55446.25%
 United ReformJohn Harrison Hilton2691.65%
Total16,332100.00%
Source: Library of Parliament – Weyburn

E Elected.
X Incumbent.

1962 general election

Federal Election, 1962: Regina City, Saskatchewan
PartyCandidatePopular Vote %
Progressive Conservative EX Ken More 22,16450.36%
  New Democratic Party Tommy Douglas12,73628.94%
Liberal Frederick Johnson 7,52917.11%
Social Credit Arthur F. Boehme1,5833.60%
Total44,012100.01%1
Source: Library of Parliament – Regina City

E Elected.
X Incumbent.
1 Rounding error.

1962 by-election

Federal By-Election, October 22, 1962: Burnaby—Coquitlam, British Columbia
PartyCandidatePopular Vote %
  New Democratic Party E Tommy Douglas16,31350.43%
Liberal Warren R. Clark8,02924.82%
Social Credit René J. Gamache5,28216.33%
Progressive Conservative Eric Greenwood2,5627.92%
  Independent George D. Burnham1620.50%
Total32,348100.00%
Source: Library of Parliament – Burnaby—Coquitlam

The by-election was triggered by the resignation of the incumbent NDP member, Erhart Regier, to allow Douglas, the party leader, to win a seat in the House of Commons.
E Elected.

1963 general election

Federal Election, 1963: Burnaby—Coquitlam, British Columbia
PartyCandidatePopular Vote %
  New Democratic Party EX Tommy Douglas19,06746.37%
Liberal Tom Kent 14,14834.40%
Progressive Conservative Lyn Morrow3,9909.70%
Social Credit René J. Gamache3,9179.53%
Total41,122100.00%
Source: Library of Parliament – Burnaby—Coquitlam

E Elected.
X Incumbent.

1965 general election

Federal Election, 1965: Burnaby—Coquitlam, British Columbia
PartyCandidatePopular Vote %
  New Democratic Party EX Tommy Douglas22,55352.92%
Liberal Dick Hayes12,09028.37%
Social Credit James Morris Kennedy5,30812.46%
Progressive Conservative Mike Allen2,6626.25%
Total42,613100.00%
Source: Library of Parliament – Burnaby—Coquitlam

E Elected.
X Incumbent.

1968 general election

Federal Election, 1968: Burnaby—Seymour, British Columbia
PartyCandidatePopular Vote %
Liberal E Ray Perrault 17,89145.23%
  New Democratic Party X Tommy Douglas17,75344.89%
Progressive Conservative Charles MacLean3,2068.11%
Social Credit Ron Price7021.77%
Total39,552100.00%
Source: Library of Parliament – Burnaby—Seymour

E Elected.
X Incumbent (before redistribution).

1969 by-election

Federal By-election, February 10, 1969: Nanaimo—Cowichan—The Islands, British Columbia
PartyCandidatePopular Vote %
  New Democratic Party E Tommy Douglas19,73057.03%
Liberal Eric W. Winch12,89737.28%
Progressive Conservative Magdalenus Verbrugge1,9665.68%
Total34,59399.99%1
Source: Library of Parliament – Nanaimo—Cowichan—The Islands

By-election was triggered by the death of the incumbent NDP member, Colin Cameron, on July 28, 1968.
E Elected.
1 Rounding error.

1972 general election

Federal Election, 1972: Nanaimo—Cowichan—The Islands, British Columbia
PartyCandidatePopular Vote %
  New Democratic Party EX Tommy Douglas25,48356.93%
Progressive Conservative George MacPherson10,17922.74%
Liberal Bill Matthews7,10715.88%
Social Credit Stockwell Day Sr.1,8684.17%
  Independent Ken Hasanen1250.28%
Total44,762100.00%
Source: Library of Parliament – Nanaimo—Cowichan—The Islands

E Elected.
X Incumbent.

Federal general elections

In 1961, Douglas was elected the first leader of the federal New Democratic Party (NDP). He led the NDP in four federal general elections: 1962, 1963, 1965 and 1968. The NDP under his leadership was a smaller party in the House of Commons.

1962 general election

In his first general election as leader of the NDP, Douglas more than doubled the seats won by the NDP, winning nineteen seats, compared to the eight seats won by the CCF in the 1958 election. Douglas was defeated in his own bid for a seat in Regina City, but won a by-election shortly afterwards in Burnaby—Coquitlam.

Canadian Federal Election, 1962
PartyLeadersSeats WonPopular Vote
  Progressive Conservative John Diefenbaker 111637.2%
Liberal Lester B. Pearson 29937.0%
Social Credit Robert N. Thompson 3011.6%
  New Democratic Party Tommy Douglas1913.6%
Liberal–Labour –10.2%
Total26599.6%3
Sources: Library of Parliament – 1962 General Election

1 Prime Minister when election was called; Prime Minister after election.
2 Leader of the Opposition when election was called; Leader of the Opposition after the election.
3 Table does not include parties which received votes but did not elect any members.

1963 general election

Less than a year after the 1962 election, Diefenbaker's minority government fell on a motion of non-confidence, triggering the dissolution of Parliament and a general election. Douglas and the NDP held steady in their seat count.

Canadian Federal Election, 1963
PartyLeadersSeats WonPopular Vote
Liberal Lester B. Pearson 112841.5%
  Progressive Conservative John Diefenbaker 29532.8%
Social Credit Robert N. Thompson 2411.9%
  New Democratic Party Tommy Douglas1713.2%
Liberal–Labour –10.2%
Total26599.6%3
Sources: Library of Parliament – 1963 General Election

1 Leader of the Opposition when election was called; Prime Minister after election.
2 Prime Minister when election was called; Leader of the Opposition after the election.
3 Table does not include parties which received votes but did not elect any members.

1965 general election

After two years of minority government, Pearson called an election. The result was another hung parliament. The NDP came third in the seat count.

Canadian Federal Election, 1965 — Parties, Leaders, Seats Won and Popular Vote
PartyLeadersSeats WonPopular Vote
Liberal Lester B. Pearson 113140.2%
  Progressive Conservative John Diefenbaker 29732.4%
  New Democratic Party Tommy Douglas2117.9%
  Ralliement créditiste Réal Caouette 94.7%
Social Credit Robert N. Thompson 53.7%
  Independent –10.7%
  Independent PC –10.2%
Total26599.8%3
Sources: Library of Parliament – 1965 General Election

1 Prime Minister when election was called; Prime Minister after election.
2 Leader of the Opposition when election was called; Leader of the Opposition after the election.
3 Table does not include parties which received votes but did not elect any members.

1968 general election

In his last general election as leader, the NDP held steady in seats, but Douglas was himself defeated in his own seat. He won a by-election shortly afterward in the riding of Nanaimo—Cowichan—The Islands and re-entered Parliament.

Canadian Federal Election, 1968 — Parties, Leaders, Seats Won and Popular Vote
PartyLeadersSeats WonPopular Vote
Liberal Pierre Trudeau 115445.4%
  Progressive Conservative Robert L. Stanfield 27231.4%
  New Democratic Party Tommy Douglas2217.0%
  Ralliement créditiste Réal Caouette 144.4%
  Independent –10.5%
  Liberal-Labour –10.1%
Total26498.8%3
Sources: Library of Parliament – 1968 General Election

1 Prime Minister when election was called; Prime Minister after election.
2 Leader of the Opposition when election was called; Leader of the Opposition after the election.
3 Table does not include parties which received votes but did not elect any members.

Party leadership conventions

1942 Saskatchewan CCF leadership convention

In 1942, Douglas challenged George Hara Williams, the leader of the Saskatchewan Section of the CCF for the provincial leadership. He defeated Williams and became provincial leader.

1943 Saskatchewan CCF leadership challenge

In 1943, Douglas in turn was challenged for the leadership of the Saskatchewan CCF, by John Brockelbank. Douglas defeated the challenge.

1961 Federal NDP leadership

In 1961, Douglas contested the leadership of the federal New Democratic Party, the successor to the CCF. He defeated Hazen Argue by a vote of 1,391 to 380, to become the first leader of the party.

CandidateVotes
Premier Tommy Douglas (F1257 s1057 it2743).jpg Tommy Douglas 1,39178.5%
Hazen Argue.jpg Hazen Argue 38012.5%
Total43,652100.0%

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References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Saskatchewan Archives — Election Results by Electoral Division.
  2. ↑ "Profile - Thomas Clement (Tommy) Douglas, C.C." lop.parl.ca.
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