26th Canadian Parliament

26th Canadian Parliament
Minority parliament
May. 16, 1963 – Sep. 8, 1965
Parliament leaders
Prime minister	Lester B. Pearson Apr. 22, 1963 – Apr. 20, 1968
Cabinet	19th Canadian Ministry
Leader of the Opposition	John Diefenbaker April 22, 1963 – September 8, 1967
Party caucuses
Government	Liberal Party
Opposition	Progressive Conservative Party
Recognized	Social Credit Party
	New Democratic Party
House of Commons
Seating arrangements of the House of Commons
Speaker of the Commons	Alan Macnaughton May 16, 1963 – January 17, 1966
Government House leader	Jack Pickersgill May 16, 1963 – December 21, 1963
	Guy Favreau February 18, 1964 – October 30, 1964
	George McIlraith October 30, 1964 – May 3, 1967
Opposition House leader	Gordon Churchill May 16, 1963 – April 22, 1965
	Michael Starr April 22, 1965 – April 23, 1968
Members	265 MP seats List of members
Senate
Speaker of the Senate	Maurice Bourget April 27, 1963 – January 6, 1966
Government Senate leader	William Ross Macdonald April 22, 1963 – February 3, 1964
	John Joseph Connolly February 3, 1964 – April 20, 1968
Opposition Senate leader	Alfred Johnson Brooks April 22, 1963 – October 31, 1967
Senators	102 senator seats List of senators
Sovereign
Monarch	Elizabeth II February 6, 1952 – September 8, 2022
Governor general	Georges Vanier 15 September 1959 – 5 March 1967
Sessions
1st session May 16, 1963 – December 21, 1963
2nd session February 18, 1964 – April 3, 1965
3rd session April 5, 1965 – September 8, 1965
←  25th →  27th

Lester B. Pearson was Prime Minister during the 26th Canadian Parliament.

The 26th Canadian Parliament was in session from May 16, 1963, until September 8, 1965. The membership was set by the 1963 federal election on April 8, 1963, and it changed only somewhat due to resignations and by-elections until it was dissolved prior to the 1965 election. Most of the MPs were elected as the single member for their district. Two represented Queen's (PEI) and two represented Halifax.

There were three sessions of the 26th Parliament:

Session	Start	End
1st	May 16, 1963	December 21, 1963
2nd	February 18, 1964	April 3, 1965
3rd	April 5, 1965	September 8, 1965

Overview

The 26th Parliament was controlled by a Liberal Party minority under Prime Minister Lester B. Pearson and the 19th Canadian Ministry. The Official Opposition was the Progressive Conservative Party, led by John Diefenbaker.

The Speaker was Alan Macnaughton. See also List of Canadian electoral districts 1952-1966 for a list of the ridings in this parliament.

Party Standings

Three by-elections were held over the course of the 26th Canadian Parliament, only the first of which resulted in a change to the party standings in the House of Commons.

Number of members per party		Party leader	General Election	Party Split	By-elections			Floor-crossing
			Apr. 8, 1963	Sep. 1, 1963	Feb. 10, 1964	Jun. 22, 1964	Nov. 9, 1964	Apr. 23, 1965
	Liberal	Lester Pearson	128
	Progressive Conservative	John Diefenbaker	95				1	2
	Social Credit	R.N. Thompson	24	13				2
	Ralliement créditiste	Réal Caouette		13
	NDP	Tommy Douglas	17				1
	Liberal-Labour		1
	Total Seats		265

Major events

Royal Commission on Bilingualism and Biculturalism

Pearson's government established a Canadian royal commission on 19 July 1963 to "inquire into and report upon the existing state of bilingualism and biculturalism in Canada and to recommend what steps should be taken to develop the Canadian Confederation on the basis of an equal partnership between the two founding races, taking into account the contribution made by the other ethnic groups to the cultural enrichment of Canada and the measures that should be taken to safeguard that contribution".

The Commission was jointly chaired by André Laurendeau, publisher of Le Devoir , and Davidson Dunton, president of Carleton University. As a result, it was sometimes known as the Laurendeau-Dunton commission. The Commission recommended sweeping changes when its final report was published, in five parts, 1967-1970, after a report of preliminary findings, February 1965. Among other things, it reported that Francophones were underrepresented in the nation's political and business communities. 1961 statistics of the salaries of Quebec men based on ethnic origin revealed that French Canadian incomes lagged behind all other ethnic groups, with the exception of Italian Canadians and aboriginal Canadians.

The recommendations included the following:

• That bilingual districts be created in regions of Canada where members of the minority community, either French or English, made up 10% or more of the local population.
• That parents be able to have their children attend schools in the language of their choice in regions where there is sufficient demand.
• That Ottawa become a bilingual city.
• That English and French be declared official languages of Canada.

Renaming of Air Canada

in 1964, Jean Chrétien submitted a private member's bill to change the name of the airline from Trans-Canada Airlines to Air Canada , which TCA had long used as its French-language name. This bill failed but it was later resubmitted and passed, with the name change taking effect on 1 January 1965.

Social insurance numbers

Social insurance numbers were created and issued in April 1964 by an order-in-council, to serve as a client account number in the administration of the Canada Pension Plan and Canada's varied employment insurance programs. ^[1]

The Auto Pact

Pearson and Lyndon B. Johnson signed the Canada–United States Automotive Agreement (or Auto Pact) in January 1965, and unemployment fell to its lowest rate in over a decade.

Great Canadian flag debate

See also: Flag of Canada and Great Canadian flag debate

On June 15, 1964, Pearson opened a parliamentary discussion on establishing a unique flag for Canada to replace the Union Jack with the following resolution:

… to establish officially as the flag of Canada a flag embodying the emblem proclaimed by His Majesty King George V on November 21, 1921 — three maple leaves conjoined on one stem — in the colours red and white then designated for Canada, the red leaves occupying a field of white between vertical sections of blue on the edges of the flag.

The main opponent to a new flag was John Diefenbaker, leader of the opposition and former prime minister. He eventually made the subject a personal crusade, ^[2] going so far as to mount a filibuster. A seemingly endless debate about the matter raged on in Parliament and the press with no side giving quarter. Pearson forced members of Parliament to stay through the summer of 1964, but the measure did not resolve the issue.

On September 10, 1964, Pearson formed a committee to resolve the ongoing debate. Out of three choices, the maple leaf design by Mount Allison University historian George Stanley, based on the flag of the Royal Military College of Canada, was selected. The flag officially appeared on February 15, 1965; the date is now celebrated annually as National Flag of Canada Day.

The Canadian Pension Plan

The Canadian Pension Plan was established by parliament in 1965. The bill was introduced by Pearson's minority government and was passed with the support of Tommy Douglas' New Democratic Party.

The Canadian Pension plan bill had its first reading on November 9, 1964, second reading on November 18, 1964, and was passed on it's third reading on March 29, 1964. It was subsequently passed by the Senate on April 2, 1965 and receive Royal Ascent the following day.

White Paper on Defense

A white paper was tabled in the Parliament of Canada on 26 March 1964 by the Minister of National Defence, Paul Hellyer, and the Associate Minister of National Defence, Lucien Cardin. This document outlined a major restructuring of the three separate armed services, describing a reorganization that would include the integration of operations, logistics support, personnel, and administration of the separate branches under a functional command system. The proposal met with strong opposition from personnel in all three services, and resulted in the dismissal of the navy's senior operational commander, Rear Admiral William Landymore, as well as the forced retirements of other senior officers in the nation's military forces. The protests of service personnel and their superiors had no effect, however, and during the 27th Parliament, on 1 February 1968, Bill C-243, The Canadian Forces Reorganization Act, was granted royal assent, and the Royal Canadian Navy, the Canadian Army, and the Royal Canadian Air Force were combined into one service: the Canadian Armed Forces.

Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus

With Denmark, Ireland and Finland, Canada was one of the four original contributors of troops to UNFICYP, committed by the Pearson's government on 12 March 1964.

Canada Student Loans

On July 28, 1964 the Canada Student Loans Act was given royal assent, implementing a program of "guaranteed Canada Student Loans" which could be provided by financial institutions. ^[3]

The beginnings of Medicare

See also: Medicare (Canada)

Publicly funded healthcare had been a campaign promise of New Democratic Party leader Tommy Douglas during his run for premiere of Saskatchewan in 1960. The Saskatchewan NDP won a majority government and passed public healthcare legislation within the year. Douglas resigned from his position as premier to take up the leadership of the federal NDP, and his successor Woodrow Stanley Lloyd implement the healthcare program despite strong opposition from the province's doctors. These event's brought the public healthcare discussion to the national stage. ^[4]

The Royal Commission on Health Services (often called the Hall Commission), which had been instigated by Diefenbaker's government on June 20, 1961 to investigate the medical needs of Canada, released its first report on June 19, 1964 and its second on December 7, 1964. These reports called for federal funding for a national healthcare plan. This aligned well with Pearson's campaign promise to implement a national healthcare plan during the 1963 election. The Pearson government would work toward implementing healthcare, passing the Medical Care Act, 1966 during the 27th Parliament with the support of the New Democratic Party, though the act did not come into effect until July 1, 1968. ^{[5] [6]}

Legislation and motions

Act's which received royal assent under 26th Parliament

1st Session ^[7]

Public acts

Date of Assent	Index	Title	Bill Number
Jun 5, 1963	1	Appropriation Act No. 1, 1963	C-69
July 22, 1963	2	Appropriation Act 1963 (SPECIAL)	C-86
	3	Department of Industry Act	C-74
	4	Export and Import Permits Act, an Act to amend the	S-3
July 31, 1963	5	Atlantic Development Board Act, an Act to amend the	C-80
	6	Boucherville Islands Bridge and Tunnel Act	S-16
	7	Customs Tariff, an Act to amend the	C-87
	8	Judges Act and Criminal Code, an Act to amend the	C-92
August 2, 1963	9	Appropriation Act No. 2, 1963	C-94
	10	Dissolution and Annulment of Marriages Act	C-93
	11	Economic Council of Canada Act	C-72
	12	Excise Tax Act, an Act to amend the	C-90
	13	Municipal Development and Loan Act	C-76
	14	Senate and House of Commons Act and the Members of Parliament Retiring Allowances Act, an Act to amend the	C-91
October 8, 1963	15	Appropriation Act No. 3, 1963	C-101
October 16, 1963	16	Old Age Security Act, an Act to amend the	C-98
October 18, 1963	17	Maritime Transportation Unions Trustees Act	C-102
November 7, 1963	18	Surcharge on Imports	C-88
December 5, 1963	19	Admiralty Act, an Act to amend the	C-108
	20	Appropriation Act No. 4, 1963	C-116
	21	Income Tax Act, an Act to amend the	C-95
	22	Technical and Vocational Training Assistance Act, an Act to amend the	C-105
December 12, 1963	23	Auditors for National Railways, an Act respecting the appointment of	C-121
	24	Canadian Overseas Telecommunication Corporation Act, an Act to amend the	C-112
	25	Emergency Gold Mining Assistance Act, an Act to amend the	C-124
	26	Old Age Assistance Act, the Disabled Persons Act and the Blind Persons Act, an Act to amend the	C-125
	27	Quebec Savings Banks Act, an Act to amend the	S-46
	28	Railway Act, an Act to amend the	C-110
	29	St. Lawrence Seaway Authority Act, an Act to amend the	C-111
	30	Small Businesses Loans Act, an Act to amend the	C-122
December 21, 1963	31	Canadian National Railways Financing and Guarantee Act, 1962–63	C -127
	32	Canadian World Exhibition Corporation Act, an Act to amend the	C -120
	33	Carriage by Air Act, an Act to amend the	S-37
	34	Currency, Mint and Exchange Fund Act, an Act to amend the	C-106
	35	Customs Tariff, an Act to amend the	C-129
	36	National Centennial Act, an Act to amend the	C-107
	37	National Harbours Board Act, an Act to amend the	S-39
	38	Newfoundland Savings Bank Act, 1939, and Act to repeal the	S-4
	39	Ontario Harbours Agreement Act	S-5
	40	Representation Commissioner Act	C-126
	41	Salaries of certain public officials-An Act to amend the Canada Grain Act, the Financial Administration Act, the Income Tax Act, the International Boundary Waters Treaty Act, the National Energy Board Act, the Railway Act, the Salaries Act and the Tariff Board Act, with respect to the	C-128
	42	Main Supply Bill-Appropriation Act No. 5, 1963	C-132

Local and private acts

Date of Assent	Index	Title	Bill Number
July 22, July 31, August 2, December 5, December 21, 1963	43	Pointe-aux-Trembles, an Act ta authorize respecting the construction of a bridge and a causeway over the St. Lawrence River near the City of	S-41
	44-60	Various Insurance company incorporation acts	Various
	61-67	Incorporation of Various religious organizations	Various
	68-74	Incorporation of various trust and loan corporations	Various
	75	Canadian Manufacturers' Association, an Act respecting the	S-31
	76	Metropolitan Toronto, an Act respecting The Board of Trade of	S-25
	77	Pharmacy Examining Board of Canada, an Act to incorporate The	S-7
	78	Ukrainian Canadian Foundation of Taras Shevchenko, an Act to incorporate	S-21
	79	Ukrainian National Federation of Canada, an Act respecting	S-12

Divorce and Annulments

Date of Assent	Index	Title	Bill Number
August 2, October 8, December 21, 1963	80-582	Various divorce and annulment	Various

2nd session ^[8]

Public acts

Date of Assent	Index	Title	Bill Number
March 30, 1964	1	Appropriation Act No. 1, 1964	C-84
	2	Trans-Canada Air Lines Act	C-2
April 3, 1964	3	Appropriation Act No. 3, 1964	C-87
April 6, 1964	4	Appropriation Act No. 2, 1964	C-86
April 13, 1964	5	Appropriation Act No. 4, 1964	C-89
May 21, 1964	6	Blue Water Bridge Authority Act	S-4
	7	Customs Tariff, An Act to amend	C-92
	8	Estate Tax Act, An Act to amend	C-94
May 28, 1964	9	Appropriation Act No. 5, 1964	C-99
June 18, 1964	10	Bank Act and the Quebec Savings Banks Act, An Act to amend	C-98
	11	Crown Corporations (Provincial Taxes and Fees) Act	C-95
	12	Farm Credit Act, An Act to amend	C-100
	13	Income Tax Act, An Act to amend	C-91
	14	Judges Act and Exchequer Court Act, An Act to amend	C-96
	15	National Housing Act, 1954, An Act to amend	C-102
	16	Ste-Foy-St-Nicolas Bridge Act	S-21
June 30, 1964	17	Appropriation Act No. 6, 1964	C-109
	18	Export Credits Insurance Act, An Act to amend	C-90
	19	Roosevelt Campobello International Park Commission Act	S-17
July 16, 1964	20	Appropriation Act No. 7, 1964	C-108
	21	National Defence Act, An Act to amend	C-109
	22	Territorial Sea and Fishing Zones Act	C-90
	23	Youth Allowances Act	S-17
July 28, 1964	24	Canada Student Loans Act	C-110
August 7, 1964	25	Appropriation Act No. 8, 1964	C-116
August 13, 1964	26	Federal-Provincial Fiscal Revision Act, 1964	C-111
September 16, 1964	27	Farm Improvement Loans Act, An Act to amend	C-119
October 15, 1964	28	Crop Insurance Act, An Act to amend	C-129
	29	Farm Machinery Syndicates Credit Act	C-121
November 5, 1964	30	Appropriation Act No. 9, 1964	C-135
November 20, 1964	31	Electoral Boundaries Readjustment Act	C-72
	32	Harbour Commissions Act	S-10
	33	Newfoundland Acts respecting Harbours and Pilotage repealed	S-40
December 2, 1964	34	Main Supply Bill-Appropriation Act No. 10, 1964	C-140
December 18, 1964	35	Combines Investigation Act and the Criminal Code, An Act to amend An Act to amend the	C-141
	36	Judges Act, An Act to amend the	C-112
March 18, 1965	37	Canada-Japan Income Tax Convention Act	C-146
	38	Canada Labour (Standards) Code	C-126
	39	Canada Shipping Act, An Act to amend	S-7
	40	Insurance, Department of, An Act to amend certain Acts administered in the	C-123
	41	Canadian National Railways Financing and Guarantee Ac	C-137
	42	Coal Production Assistance Act, An Act to amend	C-147
	43	Corporations and Labour Unions Returns Act, An Act to amend	S-35
	44	Geneva Conventions Act, 1949, An Act respecting	S-25
	45	Merchant Seamen Compensation Act, An Act to amend	C-131
	46	Penitentiary Act, An Act to amend	C-145
	47	Privileges and Immunities (United Nations) Act, An Act to amend	S-24
	48	Revised Statutes of Canada, An Act respecting	S-2
April 3, 1965	49	Appropriation Act No. 1, (Interim), 1965	C-150
	50	Appropriation Act No. 2, (Supplementary), 1965	C-151
	51	Canada Pension Plan	C-136
	52	Companies Act, An Act to amend	S-22
	53	Crîminal Code. (Habeas Corpus), An Act to amend	C-35
	54	Established Programs (Interim Arrangements) Act	C-142

Local and private acts

Date of Assent	Index	Title	Bill Number
May 21, June 18, June 30, July 28, September 16, 1964	55	Burrard Inlet Tunnel and Bridge Company, An Act respecting The	S-47
	56-62	Various Insurance company incorporation acts
	63-65	Various Insurance company incorporation acts
	66-68	Incorporation of Various religious organizations
	69	Bell Telephone Company of Canada. An Act respecting The	S-27
	70-74	Incorporation of various trust and loan corporations
	75	Association of Universities and Colleges of Canada, An Act to incorporate	S-36
	76	Canadian Institute of Actuaries, An Act to incorporate	S-45
	77	General Council of the Canadian Branch of the St. John Ambulance Association, An Act respecting The	S-5
	78	Montreal Board of Trade, An Act respecting The	S-18
	79	Quebec Board of Trade, An Act respecting The	S-28
	80	Royal College of Dentists of Canada, An Act to incorporate The	S-44

3rd session ^[9]

Public acts

Date of Assent	Index	Title	Bill Number
June 2, 1965	1	Appropriation Act No. 3, 1965	C-110
	2	Excise Tax Act, An Act to amend An Act to amend the	C-96
	3	National Housing Act, 1954, An Act to amend	C-104
	4	Retirement of members of the Senate, An Act to make provision for the	C-98
	5	Superannuation of persons employed in the Public Service, members of the Canadian Forces and members of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police	C-97
June 23, 1965	6	Appropriation Act No. 4, 1965	C-122
	7	Bank Act and the Quebec Savings Banks Act, An Act to amend	C-116
	8	Central Mortgage and Housing Corporation Act, An Act to amend	S-8
	9	Fisheries Improvement Loans Act, An Act to amend	C-121
June 30, 1965	10	Appropriation Act No. 5, 1965	C-130
	11	Appropriation Act No. 6, 1965	C-131
	12	Area Development Incentives Act	C-129
	13	Army Benevolent Fund Act, An Act to amend the	C-126
	14	Canadian National Railways (Branch Lînes), Froomfield Spur near Sarnia to the property of Canadian Industries Limited in Sombra Township in the County of Lambton	C-124
	15	Children of War Dead (Education Assistance) Act, An Act to amend the	C-125
	16	Customs Act, An Act to amend	C-119
	17	Customs Tariff, An Act to amend	C-120
	18	Income Tax Act and the Federal-Provincial Fiscal Arrangements Act, An Act to amend	C-118
	19	Veterans' Land Act, An Act to amend	C-128
	20	War Veterans Allowance Act, 1952, An Act to amend	C-127

Local and private acts

Date of Assent	Index	Title	Bill Number
June 30, 1965	21	Principal Life Insurance Company of Canada, An Act to incorporate	S-9
	22	Algoma Central and Hudson Bay Railway Company, An Act respecting The	S-4
	23	Great Northern Railway Company and Great Northern Pacific & Burlington Lines Inc., An Act respecting	S-5
	24	Canadian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, An Act respecting The	S-12

Parliamentarians

House of Commons

Following is a full list of members of the twenty-sixth Parliament listed first by province or territory, then by electoral district.

Key:

• Party leaders are italicized.
• Parliamentary secretaries is indicated by "‡".
• Cabinet ministers are in boldface.
• The Prime Minister is both.
• The Speaker is indicated by "(†)".

Electoral districts denoted by an asterisk (*) indicates that district was represented by two members.

Alberta

	Electoral district	Name	Party	First elected/previously elected	No. of terms
	Acadia	Jack Horner	Progressive Conservative	1958	3rd term
	Athabaska	Jack Bigg	Progressive Conservative	1958	3rd term
	Battle River—Camrose	Clifford Smallwood	Progressive Conservative	1958	3rd term
	Bow River	Eldon Woolliams	Progressive Conservative	1958	3rd term
	Calgary North	Douglas Harkness	Progressive Conservative	1945	7th term
	Calgary South	Harry Hays	Liberal	1963	1st term
	Edmonton East	William Skoreyko	Progressive Conservative	1958	3rd term
	Edmonton—Strathcona	Terry Nugent	Progressive Conservative	1958	3rd term
	Edmonton West	Marcel Lambert	Progressive Conservative	1957	4th term
	Jasper—Edson	Hugh Horner	Progressive Conservative	1958	3rd term
	Lethbridge	Deane Gundlock	Progressive Conservative	1958	3rd term
	Macleod	Lawrence Kindt	Progressive Conservative	1958	3rd term
	Medicine Hat	Bud Olson	Social Credit	1957, 1962	3rd term*
	Peace River	Ged Baldwin	Progressive Conservative	1958	3rd term
	Red Deer	Robert N. Thompson	Social Credit	1962	2nd term
	Vegreville	Frank Fane	Progressive Conservative	1958	3rd term
	Wetaskiwin	Harry Andrew Moore	Progressive Conservative	1962	2nd term

British Columbia

	Electoral district	Name	Party	First elected/previously elected	No. of terms
	Burnaby—Coquitlam	Tommy Douglas	New Democratic Party	1935, [a] 1962	4th term*
	Burnaby—Richmond	Bob Prittie	New Democratic Party	1962	2nd term
	Cariboo	Bert Leboe	Social Credit	1953, 1962	4th term*
	Coast—Capilano	John (Jack) Davis ‡	Liberal	1962	2nd term
	Comox—Alberni	Thomas Speakman Barnett	New Democratic Party	1953, 1962	4th term*
	Esquimalt—Saanich	George Chatterton	Progressive Conservative	1961	3rd term
	Fraser Valley	Alexander Bell Patterson	Social Credit	1953, 1962	4th term*
	Kamloops	Charles Willoughby	Progressive Conservative	1963	1st term
	Kootenay East	Jim Byrne ‡	Liberal	1949, 1962	5th term*
	Kootenay West	Herbert Wilfred Herridge	New Democratic Party	1945	7th term
	Nanaimo—Cowichan—The Islands	Colin Cameron	New Democratic Party	1953, 1962	4th term*
	New Westminster	Barry Mather	New Democratic Party	1962	2nd term
	Okanagan Boundary	David Vaughan Pugh	Progressive Conservative	1958	3rd term
	Okanagan—Revelstoke	Stuart Fleming	Progressive Conservative	1958	3rd term
	Skeena	Frank Howard	New Democratic Party	1957	4th term
	Vancouver—Burrard	Ron Basford	Liberal	1963	1st term
	Vancouver Centre	John Robert (Jack) Nicholson	Liberal	1962	2nd term
	Vancouver East	Harold Winch	New Democratic Party	1953	5th term
	Vancouver Kingsway	Arnold Webster	New Democratic Party	1962	2nd term
	Vancouver Quadra	Grant Deachman	Liberal	1963	1st term
	Vancouver South	Arthur Laing	Liberal	1949, 1962	3rd term*
	Victoria	David Groos	Liberal	1963	1st term

Manitoba

	Electoral district	Name	Party	First elected/previously elected	No. of terms
	Brandon—Souris	Walter Dinsdale	Progressive Conservative	1951	6th term
	Churchill	Robert Simpson	Progressive Conservative	1957	4th term
	Dauphin	Elmer Forbes	Progressive Conservative	1958	3rd term
	Lisgar	George Muir	Progressive Conservative	1957	4th term
	Marquette	Nick Mandziuk	Progressive Conservative	1957	4th term
	Portage—Neepawa	Siegfried Enns	Progressive Conservative	1962	2nd term
	Provencher	Warner Jorgenson	Progressive Conservative	1957	4th term
	Selkirk	Eric Stefanson Sr.	Progressive Conservative	1958	3rd term
	Springfield	Joseph Slogan	Progressive Conservative	1958	3rd term
	St. Boniface	Roger Teillet	Liberal	1962	2nd term
	Winnipeg North	David Orlikow	New Democratic Party	1962	2nd term
	Winnipeg North Centre	Stanley Knowles	New Democratic Party	1942, 1962	7th term*
	Winnipeg South	Margaret Konantz	Liberal	1963	1st term
	Winnipeg South Centre	Gordon Churchill	Progressive Conservative	1951	6th term

New Brunswick

	Electoral district	Name	Party	First elected/previously elected	No. of terms
	Charlotte	Allan M.A. McLean	Liberal	1962	2nd term
	Gloucester	Hédard Robichaud	Liberal	1953	5th term
	Kent	Guy Crossman	Liberal	1962	2nd term
	Northumberland—Miramichi	George Roy McWilliam ‡	Liberal	1949	6th term
	Restigouche—Madawaska	Jean-Eudes Dubé	Liberal	1962	2nd term
	Royal	Gordon Fairweather	Progressive Conservative	1962	2nd term
	St. John—Albert	Thomas Miller Bell	Progressive Conservative	1953	5th term
	Victoria—Carleton	Hugh John Flemming	Progressive Conservative	1960	3rd term
	Westmorland	Sherwood Rideout (died in office)	Liberal	1962	2nd term
		Margaret Rideout (by-election of 1964-11-09)	Liberal	1964	1st term
	York—Sunbury	John Chester MacRae	Progressive Conservative	1957	4th term

Newfoundland

	Electoral district	Name	Party	First elected/previously elected	No. of terms
	Bonavista—Twillingate	Jack Pickersgill	Liberal	1953	5th term
	Burin—Burgeo	Chesley William Carter ‡	Liberal	1949	6th term
	Grand Falls—White Bay—Labrador	Charles Granger	Liberal	1958	3rd term
	Humber—St. George's	Herman Maxwell Batten	Liberal	1953	5th term
	St. John's East	Joseph O'Keefe	Liberal	1963	1st term
	St. John's West	Richard Cashin	Liberal	1962	2nd term
	Trinity—Conception	James Roy Tucker	Liberal	1958	3rd term

Northwest Territories

	Electoral district	Name	Party	First elected/previously elected	No. of terms
	Northwest Territories	Eugène Rhéaume	Progressive Conservative	1963	1st term

Nova Scotia

	Electoral district	Name	Party	First elected/previously elected	No. of terms
	Antigonish—Guysborough	John Benjamin Stewart ‡	Liberal	1962	2nd term
	Cape Breton North and Victoria	Robert Muir	Progressive Conservative	1957	4th term
	Cape Breton South	Donald MacInnis	Progressive Conservative	1957, 1963	3rd term*
	Colchester—Hants	Cyril Kennedy	Progressive Conservative	1957	4th term
	Cumberland	Robert Coates	Progressive Conservative	1957	4th term
	Digby—Annapolis—Kings	George Nowlan	Progressive Conservative	1948, 1950	7th term*
		George Nowlan died on May 31, 1965	Vacant
	Halifax*	John Lloyd	Liberal	1963	1st term
		Gerald Regan	Liberal	1963	1st term
	Inverness—Richmond	Allan MacEachen	Liberal	1953, 1962	4th term*
	Pictou	Russell MacEwan	Progressive Conservative	1957	4th term
	Queens—Lunenburg	Lloyd Crouse	Progressive Conservative	1957	4th term
	Shelburne—Yarmouth—Clare	Frederick Armstrong	Liberal	1963	1st term

Ontario

	Electoral district	Name	Party	First elected/previously elected	No. of terms
	Algoma East	Lester B. Pearson	Liberal	1948	7th term
	Algoma West	George E. Nixon	Liberal	1940	8th term
	Brantford	James Elisha Brown	Liberal	1953, 1962	3rd term*
	Brant—Haldimand	Lawrence Pennell ‡	Liberal	1962	2nd term
	Broadview	David Hahn ‡	Liberal	1963	1st term
	Bruce	John Loney	Progressive Conservative	1963	1st term
	Carleton	Cyril Lloyd Francis	Liberal	1963	1st term
	Cochrane	Joseph-Anaclet Habel	Liberal	1953	5th term
	Danforth	Reid Scott	New Democratic Party	1962	2nd term
	Davenport	Walter L. Gordon	Liberal	1962	2nd term
	Dufferin—Simcoe	Ellwood Madill	Progressive Conservative	1963	1st term
	Durham	Russell Honey	Liberal	1962	2nd term
	Eglinton	Mitchell Sharp	Liberal	1963	1st term
	Elgin	James Alexander McBain	Progressive Conservative	1954	5th term
	Essex East	Paul Martin Sr.	Liberal	1935	9th term
	Essex South	Eugene Whelan	Liberal	1962	2nd term
	Essex West	Herb Gray	Liberal	1962	2nd term
	Fort William	Hubert Badanai ‡	Liberal	1958	3rd term
	Glengarry—Prescott	Viateur Éthier	Liberal	1962	2nd term
	Greenwood	Andrew Brewin	New Democratic Party	1962	2nd term
	Grenville—Dundas	Jean Casselman Wadds	Progressive Conservative	1958	3rd term
	Grey—Bruce	Eric Winkler	Progressive Conservative	1957	4th term
	Grey North	Percy Verner Noble	Progressive Conservative	1957	4th term
	Halton	Harry Harley	Liberal	1962	2nd term
	Hamilton East	John Munro ‡	Liberal	1962	2nd term
	Hamilton South	William Dean Howe	New Democratic Party	1963	1st term
	Hamilton West	Joseph Macaluso	Liberal	1963	1st term
	Hastings—Frontenac	Rod Webb	Progressive Conservative	1959	3rd term
	Hastings South	Anthony Robert Temple	Liberal	1963	1st term
	High Park	Pat Cameron	Liberal	1949, 1962	4th term*
	Huron	Elston Cardiff	Progressive Conservative	1940	8th term
	Kenora—Rainy River	William Moore Benidickson	Liberal-Labour	1945	7th term
	Kent	Harold Danforth	Progressive Conservative	1958, 1963	2nd term*
	Kingston	Edgar Benson ‡	Liberal	1962	2nd term
	Lambton—Kent	Mac McCutcheon	Progressive Conservative	1963	1st term
	Lambton West	Walter Frank Foy	Liberal	1962	2nd term
	Lanark	George Doucett	Progressive Conservative	1957	4th term
	Leeds	John Matheson	Liberal	1961	3rd term
	Lincoln	James McNulty	Liberal	1962	2nd term
	London	Jack Irvine	Progressive Conservative	1963	1st term
	Middlesex East	Campbell Millar	Progressive Conservative	1962	2nd term
	Middlesex West	William Howell Arthur Thomas	Progressive Conservative	1957	4th term
	Niagara Falls	Judy LaMarsh	Liberal	1960	3rd term
	Nickel Belt	Osias Godin	Liberal	1958	3rd term
	Nipissing	Jack Garland	Liberal	1949	6th term
		Carl Legault (by-election of 1964-06-22)	Liberal	1964	1st term
	Norfolk	Jack Roxburgh	Liberal	1962	2nd term
	Northumberland	Pauline Jewett	Liberal	1963	1st term
	Ontario	Michael Starr	Progressive Conservative	1952	6th term
	Ottawa East	Jean-Thomas Richard	Liberal	1945	7th term
	Ottawa West	George McIlraith	Liberal	1940	8th term
	Oxford	Wally Nesbitt	Progressive Conservative	1953	5th term
	Parkdale	Stanley Haidasz ‡	Liberal	1957, [b] 1962	3rd term*
	Parry Sound-Muskoka	Gordon Aiken	Progressive Conservative	1957	4th term
	Peel	Bruce Beer	Liberal	1962	2nd term
	Perth	J. Waldo Monteith	Progressive Conservative	1953	5th term
	Peterborough	Fred Stenson	Progressive Conservative	1962	2nd term
	Port Arthur	Doug Fisher	New Democratic Party	1957	4th term
	Prince Edward—Lennox	Douglas Alkenbrack	Progressive Conservative	1962	2nd term
	Renfrew North	James Forgie	Liberal	1953	5th term
	Renfrew South	Joe Greene	Liberal	1963	1st term
	Rosedale	Donald Stovel Macdonald ‡	Liberal	1962	2nd term
	Russell	Paul Tardif	Liberal	1959	3rd term
	Simcoe East	Philip Bernard Rynard	Progressive Conservative	1957	4th term
	Simcoe North	Heber Smith	Progressive Conservative	1957	4th term
	Spadina	Sylvester Perry Ryan	Liberal	1962	2nd term
	Stormont	Lucien Lamoureux	Liberal	1962	2nd term
	St. Paul's	Ian Wahn	Liberal	1962	2nd term
	Sudbury	Rodger Mitchell	Liberal	1953	5th term
	Timiskaming	Arnold Peters	New Democratic Party	1957	4th term
	Timmins	Murdo Martin	New Democratic Party	1957	4th term
	Trinity	Paul Hellyer	Liberal	1949, [c] 1958	5th term*
	Victoria	Charles Lamb	Progressive Conservative	1963	1st term
		Charles Lamb died on July 12, 1965	Vacant
	Waterloo North	Oscar Weichel	Progressive Conservative	1958	3rd term
	Waterloo South	Gordon Chaplin (died in office)	Progressive Conservative	1962	2nd term
		Max Saltsman (by-election of 1964-11-09)	New Democratic Party	1964	1st term
	Welland	William Hector McMillan	Liberal	1950	6th term
	Wellington—Huron	Marvin Howe	Progressive Conservative	1953	5th term
	Wellington South	Alfred Hales	Progressive Conservative	1957	4th term
	Wentworth	John B. Morison	Liberal	1963	1st term
	York Centre	James Edgar Walker	Liberal	1962	2nd term
	York East	Steven Otto	Liberal	1962	2nd term
	York—Humber	Ralph Cowan	Liberal	1962	2nd term
	York North	John Hollings Addison	Liberal	1962	2nd term
	York—Scarborough	Maurice Moreau	Liberal	1963	1st term
	York South	Marvin Gelber	Liberal	1963	1st term
	York West	Red Kelly	Liberal	1962	2nd term

Prince Edward Island

	Electoral district	Name	Party	First elected/previously elected	No. of terms
	King's	John Mullally	Liberal	1963	1st term
	Prince	John Watson MacNaught	Liberal	1945, 1963	4th term*
	Queen's*	Angus MacLean	Progressive Conservative	1951	6th term
		Heath MacQuarrie	Progressive Conservative	1957	4th term

Quebec

	Electoral district	Name	Party	First elected/previously elected	No. of terms
	Argenteuil—Deux-Montagnes	Vincent Drouin	Liberal	1962	2nd term
	Beauce	Gérard Perron	Social Credit	1962	2nd term
			Ralliement Créditiste
	Beauharnois—Salaberry	Gérald Laniel	Liberal	1962	2nd term
	Bellechasse	Herman Laverdière	Liberal	1963	1st term
	Berthier—Maskinongé—Delanaudière	Rémi Paul	Progressive Conservative	1958	3rd term
	Independent
	Bonaventure	Albert Béchard	Liberal	1962	2nd term
	Brome—Missisquoi	Heward Grafftey	Progressive Conservative	1958	3rd term
	Cartier	Milton L. Klein	Liberal	1963	1st term
	Chambly—Rouville	Bernard Pilon	Liberal	1962	2nd term
	Champlain	Jean-Paul Matte	Liberal	1962	2nd term
	Chapleau	Gérard Laprise	Social Credit	1962	2nd term
			Ralliement Créditiste
	Charlevoix	Louis-Philippe-Antoine Bélanger	Social Credit	1962	2nd term
			Ralliement Créditiste
	Châteauguay—Huntingdon—Laprairie	Ian Watson	Liberal	1963	1st term
	Chicoutimi	Maurice Côté	Social Credit	1962	2nd term
			Ralliement Créditiste
	Compton—Frontenac	Henry Latulippe	Social Credit	1962	2nd term
			Ralliement Créditiste
	Dollard	Guy Rouleau ‡	Liberal	1953	5th term
	Dorchester	Pierre-André Boutin	Social Credit	1962	2nd term
			Ralliement Créditiste
	Drummond—Arthabaska	Jean-Luc Pépin ‡	Liberal	1963	1st term
	Gaspé	Alexandre Cyr	Liberal	1963	1st term
	Gatineau	Rodolphe Leduc	Liberal	1936, 1954	7th term*
	Hochelaga	Raymond Eudes	Liberal	1940	8th term
	Hull	Alexis Caron ‡	Liberal	1953	5th term
	Îles-de-la-Madeleine	Maurice Sauvé	Liberal	1962	2nd term
	Jacques-Cartier—Lasalle	Raymond Rock	Liberal	1962	2nd term
	Joliette—l'Assomption—Montcalm	Louis-Joseph Pigeon	Progressive Conservative	1958	3rd term
	Kamouraska	Charles-Eugène Dionne	Social Credit	1962	2nd term
			Ralliement Créditiste
	Labelle	Gérard Girouard	Social Credit	1963	1st term
			Progressive Conservative
	Lac-Saint-Jean	Marcel Lessard	Social Credit	1962	2nd term
			Ralliement Créditiste
	Lafontaine	Georges-C. Lachance	Liberal	1962	2nd term
	Lapointe	Gilles Grégoire	Social Credit	1962	2nd term
			Ralliement Créditiste
	Laurier	Lionel Chevrier (resigned 27 December 1963)	Liberal	1935, [d] 1957	9th term*
		Fernand Leblanc (by-election of 1964-02-10)	Liberal	1964	1st term
	Laval	Jean-Léo Rochon	Liberal	1962	2nd term
	Lévis	Raynald Guay	Liberal	1963	1st term
	Longueuil	Jean-Pierre Côté	Liberal	1963	1st term
	Lotbinière	Auguste Choquette	Liberal	1963	1st term
	Maisonneuve—Rosemont	Jean-Paul Deschatelets	Liberal	1953	5th term
	Matapédia—Matane	René Tremblay	Liberal	1963	1st term
	Mégantic	Raymond Langlois	Social Credit	1962	2nd term
			Ralliement Créditiste
	Mercier	Prosper Boulanger	Liberal	1962	2nd term
	Montmagny—L'Islet	Jean-Charles Richard Berger	Liberal	1963	1st term
	Mount Royal	Alan Macnaughton (†)	Liberal	1949	6th term
	Nicolet—Yamaska	Clément Vincent	Progressive Conservative	1962	2nd term
	Notre-Dame-de-Grâce	Edmund Tobin Asselin	Liberal	1962	2nd term
	Outremont—St-Jean	Maurice Lamontagne	Liberal	1963	1st term
	Papineau	Guy Favreau	Liberal	1963	1st term
	Pontiac—Témiscamingue	Paul Martineau	Progressive Conservative	1958	3rd term
	Portneuf	Jean-Louis Frenette	Social Credit	1962	2nd term
			Ralliement Créditiste
	Québec—Montmorency	Guy Marcoux	Social Credit	1962	2nd term
			Ralliement Créditiste
	Quebec East	Jean Robert Beaulé	Social Credit	1962	2nd term
			Ralliement Créditiste
	Quebec South	Jean-Charles Cantin ‡	Liberal	1962	2nd term
	Quebec West	Lucien Plourde	Social Credit	1962	2nd term
			Ralliement Créditiste
	Richelieu—Verchères	Lucien Cardin	Liberal	1952	6th term
	Richmond—Wolfe	Patrick Tobin Asselin	Liberal	1963	1st term
	Rimouski	Gérard Ouellet	Social Credit	1963	1st term
			Progressive Conservative
	Rivière-du-Loup—Témiscouata	Rosaire Gendron	Liberal	1963	1st term
	Roberval	Charles-Arthur Gauthier	Social Credit	1962	2nd term
			Ralliement Créditiste
	Saguenay	Gustave Blouin	Liberal	1963	1st term
	St. Ann	Gérard Loiselle	Liberal	1957	4th term
	Saint-Antoine—Westmount	Charles (Bud) Drury	Liberal	1962	2nd term
	Saint-Denis	Azellus Denis (resigned 27 December 1963)	Liberal	1935	9th term
		Marcel Prud'homme (by-election of 1964-02-10)	Liberal	1964	1st term
	Saint-Henri	H.-Pit Lessard	Liberal	1958	3rd term
	Saint-Hyacinthe—Bagot	Théogène Ricard	Progressive Conservative	1957	4th term
	Saint-Jacques	Maurice Rinfret	Liberal	1962	2nd term
	Saint-Jean—Iberville—Napierville	Yvon Dupuis ‡	Liberal	1958	3rd term
	St. Lawrence—St. George	John Turner ‡	Liberal	1962	2nd term
	Sainte-Marie	Georges Valade	Progressive Conservative	1958	3rd term
	Saint-Maurice—Laflèche	Jean Chrétien ‡	Liberal	1963	1st term
	Shefford	Gilbert Rondeau	Social Credit	1962	2nd term
			Ralliement Créditiste
	Sherbrooke	Gérard Chapdelaine	Social Credit	1962	2nd term
			Ralliement Créditiste
	Stanstead	Yves Forest	Liberal	1963	1st term
	Terrebonne	Léo Cadieux	Liberal	1962	2nd term
	Trois-Rivières	Léon Balcer	Progressive Conservative	1949	6th term
	Independent
	Vaudreuil—Soulanges	René Émard	Liberal	1963	1st term
	Verdun	Bryce Mackasey ‡	Liberal	1962	2nd term
	Villeneuve	Réal Caouette	Social Credit	1946, [e] 1962	3rd term*
			Ralliement Créditiste

Saskatchewan

	Electoral district	Name	Party	First elected/previously elected	No. of terms
	Assiniboia	Lawrence Watson	Progressive Conservative	1963	1st term
	Humboldt—Melfort—Tisdale	Reynold Rapp	Progressive Conservative	1958	3rd term
	Kindersley	Reg Cantelon	Progressive Conservative	1963	1st term
	Mackenzie	Stanley Korchinski	Progressive Conservative	1958	3rd term
	Meadow Lake	Bert Cadieu	Progressive Conservative	1958	3rd term
	Melville	James Ormiston	Progressive Conservative	1958	3rd term
	Moose Jaw—Lake Centre	J. Ernest Pascoe	Progressive Conservative	1958	3rd term
	Moose Mountain	Richard Southam	Progressive Conservative	1958	3rd term
	Prince Albert	John Diefenbaker	Progressive Conservative	1940	8th term
	Qu'Appelle	Alvin Hamilton	Progressive Conservative	1957	4th term
	Regina City	Ken More	Progressive Conservative	1958	3rd term
	Rosetown—Biggar	Clarence Owen Cooper	Progressive Conservative	1958	3rd term
	Rosthern	Edward Nasserden	Progressive Conservative	1958	3rd term
	Saskatoon	Henry Frank Jones (died 4 March 1964)	Progressive Conservative	1957	4th term
		Eloise Jones (by-election of 1964-06-22)	Progressive Conservative	1964	1st term
	Swift Current—Maple Creek	Jack McIntosh	Progressive Conservative	1958	3rd term
	The Battlefords	Albert Horner	Progressive Conservative	1958	3rd term
	Yorkton	G. Drummond Clancy	Progressive Conservative	1958	3rd term

Yukon

	Electoral district	Name	Party	First elected/previously elected	No. of terms
	Yukon	Erik Nielsen	Progressive Conservative	1957	4th term

Ministry

Main article: 19th Canadian Ministry

The 19th Canadian Ministry began at the beginning of the 26th Canadian Parliament and lasted until near the end of the 27th Canadian Parliament.

Office Holders

Party leadership

Party	Name	From	To
Liberal	Lester B. Pearson	January 16, 1958	April 6, 1968
Progressive Conservative	John Diefenbaker	April 22, 1963	September 8, 1967
Social Credit	R.N. Thompson	July 7, 1961	March 9, 1967
New Democratic	Tommy Douglas	August 3, 1961	April 24, 1971

House of Commons

Presiding officer

Office	Officer	Riding	From	To	Party
Speaker of the House of Commons	Alan Macnaughton	Mount Royal	May 16, 1963	January 17, 1966	Liberal

Government leadership (Liberal)

Office	Officer	Riding	From	To
Prime Minister	Lester B. Pearson	Algoma East	April 22, 1963	April 20, 1968
House Leader	Jack Pickersgill	Bonavista—Twillingate	May 16, 1963	December 21, 1963
	Guy Favreau	Papineau	February 18, 1964	October 30, 1964
	George McIlraith	Ottawa West	October 30, 1964	May 3, 1967
Whip	Alexis Caron	Hull	May 1963	October 1963 [10]
	James Edgar Walker	York Centre	October 10, 1963	December 1, 1965 [11]

Changes to Party Standings

House of Commons

By-elections

Main article: By-elections to the 26th Canadian Parliament

By-election	Date	Incumbent	Party		Winner	Party		Cause	Retained
Westmorland	November 9, 1964	Sherwood Rideout		Liberal	Margaret Rideout		Liberal	Death	Yes
Waterloo South	November 9, 1964	Gordon Chaplin		Progressive Conservative	Max Saltsman		New Democratic	Death	No
Nipissing	June 22, 1964	Jack Garland		Liberal	Carl Legault		Liberal	Death	Yes
Saskatoon	June 22, 1964	Henry Frank Jones		Progressive Conservative	Eloise Jones		Progressive Conservative	Death	Yes
Laurier	February 10, 1964	Lionel Chevrier		Liberal	Fernand-E. Leblanc		Liberal	Resignation	Yes
Saint-Denis	February 10, 1964	Azellus Denis		Liberal	Marcel Prud'Homme		Liberal	Resignation	Yes

Party division

Main article: Social Credit Party of Canada split, 1963

in 1963, 13 of Social Credit party's 20 Quebec MPs split off to form a new party named Ralliement des créditistes, later renamed to Ralliement créditiste in 1967. This left the Social Credit party with 11 total MPs.

Name	Electoral district	Original Party	New Party
Gérard Perron	Beauce	Social Credit	Ralliement Créditiste
Gérard Laprise	Chapleau	Social Credit	Ralliement Créditiste
Louis-Philippe-Antoine Bélanger	Charlevoix	Social Credit	Ralliement Créditiste
Henry Latulippe	Compton—Frontenac	Social Credit	Ralliement Créditiste
Pierre-André Boutin	Dorchester	Social Credit	Ralliement Créditiste
Charles-Eugène Dionne	Kamouraska	Social Credit	Ralliement Créditiste
Gilles Grégoire	Lapointe	Social Credit	Ralliement Créditiste
Raymond Langlois	Mégantic	Social Credit	Ralliement Créditiste
Jean Robert Beaulé	Quebec East	Social Credit	Ralliement Créditiste
Lucien Plourde	Quebec West	Social Credit	Ralliement Créditiste
Charles-Arthur Gauthier	Roberval	Social Credit	Ralliement Créditiste
Gilbert Rondeau	Shefford	Social Credit	Ralliement Créditiste
Réal Caouette	Villeneuve	Social Credit	Ralliement Créditiste

Floor-crossings

On April 23, 1964 two further Social Credit MPs left the party to sit as Progressive Conservatives. ^[12] This left the Social Credit party with only 9 MPs.

Name	Electoral district	Original Party	New Party
Gérard Girouard	Labelle	Social Credit	Progressive Conservative
Gérard Ouellet	Rimouski	Social Credit	Progressive Conservative

Notes

1. Weyburn (Saskatchewan)
2. Trinity
3. Davenport
4. Stormont (Ontario)
5. Pontiac

References

1. "Social Insurance Number". The Canadian Encyclopedia. December 9, 2025. Retrieved December 9, 2025.
2. "The Great Canadian Flag Debate". CBC. Archived from the original on April 4, 2008. Retrieved March 31, 2008.
3. "Regulations Amending the Canada Student Financial Assistance Regulations: SOR/2025-113". Canada Gazette. December 11, 2025. Retrieved December 11, 2025.
4. Coyle, Jim (December 11, 2025). "Clashes between governments and doctors have long history". The Toronto Star. Toronto. Archived from the original on May 15, 2012. Retrieved December 11, 2025.
5. "Who started Canada's universal health care system?". Canadian Medical Association. Retrieved December 12, 2025.
6. "The Birth of Medicare in Canada". Museum of Toronto. Retrieved December 12, 2025.
7. Bourget, Maurice (December 21, 1963). "FIRST SESSION, TWENTY-SIXTH PARLIAMENT 12 ELIZABETH II, 1963". Journals of the Senate of Canada. 110: 855–868.
8. Bourget, Maurice (April 3, 1965). "SECOND SESSION, TWENTY-SIXTH PARLIAMENT 13-14 ELIZABETH II, 1964-65". Journals of the Senate of Canada. 111 (1): 971–974.
9. Bourget, Maurice (September 8, 1965). "THIRD SESSION, TWENTY - SIXTH PARLIAMENT 14 ELIZABETH II, 1965". Journals of the Senate of Canada. 112 (1): 251–252.
10. "Profile". lop.parl.ca. Retrieved December 27, 2025.
11. "Profile". lop.parl.ca. Retrieved December 27, 2025.
12. "Parliamentarians". lop.parl.ca. Retrieved December 27, 2025.

• Government of Canada. "19th Ministry". Guide to Canadian Ministries since Confederation. Privy Council Office. Archived from the original on December 28, 2005. Retrieved November 9, 2006.
• Government of Canada. "26th Parliament". Members of the House of Commons: 1867 to Date: By Parliament. Library of Parliament. Archived from the original on December 20, 2006. Retrieved November 30, 2006.
• Government of Canada. "Duration of Sessions". Library of Parliament. Archived from the original on November 14, 2007. Retrieved May 12, 2006.
• Government of Canada. "General Elections". Library of Parliament. Archived from the original on May 4, 2006. Retrieved May 12, 2006.
• Government of Canada. "Key Dates for each Parliament". Library of Parliament. Archived from the original on September 14, 2005. Retrieved May 12, 2006.
• Government of Canada. "Leaders of the Opposition in the House of Commons". Library of Parliament. Archived from the original on March 11, 2007. Retrieved May 12, 2006.
• Government of Canada. "Prime Ministers of Canada". Library of Parliament. Archived from the original on April 27, 2006. Retrieved May 12, 2006.
• Government of Canada. "Speakers". Library of Parliament. Archived from the original on September 17, 2006. Retrieved May 12, 2006.