Provencher

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Provencher
Flag of Manitoba.svg Manitoba electoral district
Provencher 2013 Riding.png
Provencher in relation to other Manitoba federal electoral districts as of the 2013 Representation Order.
Federal electoral district
Legislature House of Commons
MP
 
 		 
Ted Falk
Conservative
District created1871
First contested1871
Last contested 2021
District webpage profile, map
Demographics
Population (2011) [1] 88,640
Electors (2015)63,356
Area (km²) [1] 18,773
Pop. density (per km²)4.7
Census division(s) Division No. 1, Division No. 2, Division No. 3, Division No. 12, Division No. 19
Census subdivision(s) Alexander, Buffalo Point 36, De Salaberry, Division No. 1, Unorganized, Division No. 19, Unorganized, Emerson – Franklin, Hanover, La Broquerie, Lac du Bonet (RM), Lac du Bonnet (town), Montcalm, Morris (town), Morris (RM), Niverville, Pinawa, Piney, Powerview-Pine Falls, Reynolds, Ritchot, Roseau River 2, Roseau Rapids 2A, Shoal Lake (Part) 40, Springfield, Ste. Anne (RM), Ste. Anne (town), Steinbach, St-Pierre-Jolys, Stuartburn, Taché

Provencher is a federal electoral district in Manitoba, Canada, that has been represented in the House of Commons of Canada since 1871. It is a largely rural constituency in the province's southeast corner. Its largest community is the city of Steinbach, which makes up 15% of the riding's total population.

Contents

Geography

The district is in the most southeastern part of Manitoba.

Demographics

Panethnic groups in Provencher (2011−2021)
Panethnic group2021 [2] 2016 [3] 2011 [4]
Pop. %Pop.%Pop.%
European [lower-alpha 1] 85,50081,39074,400
Indigenous 15,82512,56010,140
Southeast Asian [lower-alpha 2] 2,4151,775845
African 1,185830430
South Asian 935410195
Latin American 485240175
East Asian [lower-alpha 3] 345345170
Middle Eastern [lower-alpha 4] 1701150
Other/multiracial [lower-alpha 5] 365225120
Total responses107,22097,88086,480
Total population109,44599,94688,640
Notes: Totals greater than 100% due to multiple origin responses.
Demographics based on 2012 Canadian federal electoral redistribution riding boundaries.
According to the 2011 Canadian census

Languages: 67.7% English, 17.3% German, 10.5% French, 1.2% Russian, 1.1% Ukrainian
Religions: 79.6% Christian (35.8% "Other Christian", 23.6% Catholic, 6.3% United Church, 4.8% Lutheran, 2.5% Anglican, 2.2% Baptist), 19.5% None.
Median income: $29,184 (2010) [5]
Average income: $36,186 (2010) [5]

History

The electoral district was created in 1871, and was one of the four original ridings allocated to Manitoba when it joined the Canadian Confederation in 1870. It is notable for being the riding that elected Louis Riel to the House of Commons as an independent.

Through its history the riding has alternated between representation by the Liberals and Progressive Conservatives (or Conservative Party of Canada).

This riding lost territory to Selkirk—Interlake—Eastman and Portage—Lisgar, and gained territory from Selkirk—Interlake during the 2012 electoral redistribution.

Members of Parliament

This riding has elected the following members of Parliament:

ParliamentYearsMemberParty
Provencher
1st  1871–1872   Pierre Delorme Conservative
2nd  1872–1873   George-Étienne Cartier Liberal–Conservative
 1873–1874   Louis Riel Independent
3rd  1874–1875
 1875–1878   Andrew Bannatyne Liberal
4th  1878–1879   Joseph Dubuc Conservative
 1879–1882 Joseph Royal
5th  1882–1887
6th  1887–1889
 1889–1891 Alphonse Alfred Clément Larivière
7th  1891–1896
8th  1896–1900
9th  1900–1904
10th  1904–1908   Joseph Ernest Cyr Liberal
11th  1908–1911 John Patrick Molloy
12th  1911–1917
13th  1917–1921
14th  1921–1925   Arthur-Lucien Beaubien Progressive
15th  1925–1926
16th  1926–1930   Liberal–Progressive
17th  1930–1935
18th  1935–1940   Liberal
19th  1940–1945 René Jutras
20th  1945–1949
21st  1949–1953
22nd  1953–1957
23rd  1957–1958   Warner Jorgenson Progressive Conservative
24th  1958–1962
25th  1962–1963
26th  1963–1965
27th  1965–1968
28th  1968–1972   Mark Smerchanski Liberal
29th  1972–1974   Jake Epp Progressive Conservative
30th  1974–1979
31st  1979–1980
32nd  1980–1984
33rd  1984–1988
34th  1988–1993
35th  1993–1997   David Iftody Liberal
36th  1997–2000
37th  2000–2003   Vic Toews Alliance
 2003–2004   Conservative
38th  2004–2006
39th  2006–2008
40th  2008–2011
41st  2011–2013
 2013–2015 Ted Falk
42nd  2015–2019
43rd  2019–2021
44th  2021–present

Election results

Graph of election results in Provencher (since 1945, minor parties that never got 2% of the vote or didn't run consistently are omitted)
2021 Canadian federal election
PartyCandidateVotes%±%Expenditures
Conservative Ted Falk 24,29448.7-17.2$83,776.96
Liberal Trevor Kirczenow 8,47217.0+3.9$25,158.99
People's Nöel Gautron8,16816.4+14.2$24,179.71
New Democratic Serina Pottinger6,27012.6-0.2$0.00
Independent Rick Loewen1,3662.7N/A$0.00
Green Janine G. Gibson1,2722.6-3.4$1,596.00
Total valid votes/expense limit49,90199.5–$117,118.32
Total rejected ballots3550.5
Turnout50,15667.4
Eligible voters74,468
Conservative hold Swing -10.6
Source: Elections Canada [6]
2019 Canadian federal election
PartyCandidateVotes%±%Expenditures
Conservative Ted Falk 31,82165.9+9.84$91,792.89
Liberal Trevor Kirczenow 6,34713.1-21.56$13,417.34
New Democratic Erin McGee6,18712.8+7.50none listed
Green Janine G. Gibson2,8846.0+2.02none listed
People's Wayne Sturby1,0662.2none listed
Total valid votes/expense limit48,305100.0
Total rejected ballots322
Turnout48,62770.5
Eligible voters68,979
Conservative hold Swing +7.85
Source: Elections Canada [7] [8]
2015 Canadian federal election
PartyCandidateVotes%±%Expenditures
Conservative Ted Falk 25,08656.06-14.30$116,699.56
Liberal Terry Hayward15,50934.66+27.93$28,135.06
New Democratic Les Lilley2,3715.30-12.87$4,287.04
Green Jeff Wheeldon1,7793.98+1.01$6,485.90
Total valid votes/expense limit44,745100.00 $216,321.86
Total rejected ballots1690.38
Turnout44,91469.53
Eligible voters64,598
Conservative hold Swing -21.11
Source: Elections Canada [9] [10]
Canadian federal by-election, November 25, 2013
PartyCandidateVotes%±%Expenditures
Conservative Ted Falk 13,04658.20−12.40$ 83,542.19
Liberal Terry Hayward6,71129.94+23.2366,455.27
New Democratic Natalie Courcelles Beaudry1,8438.22−9.6717,878.16
Green Janine Gibson8173.64+0.691,074.97
Total valid votes/expense limit 22,417 100.0   –   $ 97,453.98
Total rejected ballots 136 0.60 +0.17
Turnout 22,553 33.85 −27.88
Eligible voters 66,624   
Conservative hold Swing −17.86
By-election due to the resignation of Vic Toews.
Source(s)
"November 25, 2013 By-elections". Elections Canada. November 26, 2013. Retrieved December 14, 2013.
"November 25, 2013 By-election – Financial Reports" . Retrieved October 29, 2014.

Minister of Public Safety Vic Toews resigned from cabinet and as an MP, effective 9 July 2013, to spend more time with his family and join the private sector. [11]

2011 federal election redistributed results [12]
PartyVote %
  Conservative 24,62870.36
  New Democratic 6,35818.16
  Liberal 2,3556.73
  Green 1,0392.97
 Others6231.78
2011 Canadian federal election
PartyCandidateVotes%±%Expenditures
Conservative Vic Toews 27,82070.60+5.95$70,719.84
New Democratic Al Mackling 7,05117.89+4.17$14,274.04
Liberal Terry Hayward2,6456.71-5.86$25,938.56
Green Janine Gibson1,1642.95-2.84$210.00
Christian Heritage David Reimer5101.29-1.95$8,372.94
Pirate Ric Lim [13] 2150.55– $393.24
Total valid votes/expense limit 39,405 100.0   –   $ 90,198.71
Total rejected ballots 169 0.43 -0.00
Turnout 39,574 61.73 +5.63
Eligible voters 64,104   
Conservative hold Swing +0.89
2008 Canadian federal election
PartyCandidateVotes%±%Expenditures
Conservative Vic Toews 23,30364.65-1.03$67,419
New Democratic Ross Martin4,94713.72+0.01$6,406
Liberal Shirley Hiebert4,53112.57-3.27$16,369
Green Janine Gibson2,0895.79+1.02$1,093
Christian Heritage David Reimer1,1703.24–$10,130
Total valid votes/expense limit 36,040 100.0   –   $87,213
Total rejected ballots156 0.43+0.02
Turnout36,19658.01 -7.04
2006 Canadian federal election
PartyCandidateVotes%±%Expenditures
Conservative Vic Toews 25,19965.68+2.66$40,862.19
Liberal Wes Penner6,07715.84−9.08$75,239.46
New Democratic Patrick O'Connor5,25913.71+4.70$2,266.71
Green Janine Gibson1,8304.77+1.72$87.31
Total valid votes38,365 100.00
Total rejected ballots157 0.41 −0.02
Turnout38,522 65.05 +5.38
Electors on the lists59,216
Sources: Official Results, Elections Canada and Financial Returns, Elections Canada.
2004 Canadian federal election
PartyCandidateVotes%±%Expenditures
Conservative Vic Toews 22,69463.02+4.99$70,851.00
Liberal Peter Epp8,97524.92−10.94$64,895.23
New Democratic Sarah Zaharia3,2449.01+2.90$1,472.79
Green Janine Gibson1,1003.05–$480.59
Total valid votes36,013 100.00
Total rejected ballots155 0.43 +0.07
Turnout36,168 59.67 −10.36
Electors on the lists60,617
Percentage change figures are factored for redistribution. Conservative Party percentages are contrasted with the combined Canadian Alliance and Progressive Conservative percentages from 2000.
Sources: Official Results, Elections Canada and Financial Returns, Elections Canada.

Note: Conservative vote is compared to the total of the Canadian Alliance vote and Progressive Conservative vote in 2000 election.

2000 Canadian federal election
PartyCandidateVotes%±%Expenditures
Alliance Vic Toews 21,35852.76+17.68$65,896.75
Liberal David Iftody 14,41935.62−4.38$60,917.43
Progressive Conservative Henry C. Dyck2,7266.73−9.59$7,780.05
New Democratic Peter Hiebert1,9804.89−3.71$210.45
Total valid votes40,483 100.00
Total rejected ballots148 0.36 −0.10
Turnout40,631 70.03 +5.09
Electors on the lists58,020
Sources: Official Results, Elections Canada and Financial Returns, Elections Canada.

Note: Canadian Alliance vote is compared to the Reform vote in 1997 election.

1997 Canadian federal election
PartyCandidateVotes%±%Expenditures
Liberal David Iftody 14,59540.00−0.82$61,072
Reform Larry Tardiff12,79835.08−2.09$42,111
Progressive Conservative Clare Braun5,95516.32+5.43$60,432
New Democratic Martha Wiebe Owen3,1378.60+1.62$1,793
Total valid votes36,485 100.00
Total rejected ballots170 0.46 +0.13
Turnout36,655 64.94 −5.61
Electors on the lists56,442
Percentage change figures are factored for redistribution.
Sources: Official Results, Elections Canada and Financial Returns, Elections Canada.
1993 Canadian federal election
PartyCandidateVotes%±%Expenditures
Liberal David Iftody 16,11944.04+11.5$42,045
Reform Dean Whiteway 13,46336.78+33.1$49,513
Progressive Conservative Kelly Clark3,76510.29−45.2$48,359
New Democratic Martha Wiebe Owen1,8184.97−2.3$7,277
National Wes Penner1,2123.3$23,719
Natural Law Corrine Ayotte1570.43+0.1$12
Canada Party Ted Bezan690.19–$0
Total valid votes36,603 100.00
Total rejected ballots126 0.34 +0.0
Turnout36,729 69.52 −1.4
Electors on the lists52,835
Source: Thirty-fifth General Election, 1993: Official Voting Results, Published by the Chief Electoral Officer of Canada. Financial figures taken from official contributions and expenses provided by Elections Canada.
1988 Canadian federal election
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Progressive Conservative Jake Epp 19,00055.5−2.7
Liberal Wes Penner11,12132.5+12.4
New Democratic Mary Sabovitch2,4907.3−6.8
Reform Lawrence Feilberg1,2463.6–
Confederation of Regions John Wiebe3571.0−5.8
Total valid votes34,214100.0
Total rejected ballots1060.3
Turnout34,32070.9
Electors on the lists48,385
1984 Canadian federal election
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Progressive Conservative Jake Epp 20,07758.3+13.3
New Democratic Ron Buzahora6,94120.1-8.3
Liberal Wally Rempel4,85914.1-11.2
Confederation of Regions Ron Bowers2,3476.8–
Libertarian Donald Ives2320.7–
Total valid votes34,456100.0
1980 Canadian federal election
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Progressive Conservative Jake Epp 14,67744.9-6.7
New Democratic Richard Rattai9,28128.4+2.7
Liberal Clare Cremer8,27125.3+2.7
Rhinoceros Lawrence Feilberg4331.3–
Total valid votes32,662100.0
1979 Canadian federal election
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Progressive Conservative Jake Epp 17,03051.7-3.1
New Democratic Richard C. Greenway8,47325.7+5.7
Liberal Howard Loewen7,45922.6-0.1
Total valid votes32,962 100.0
1974 Canadian federal election
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Progressive Conservative Jake Epp 13,40554.8+9.4
Liberal Tom Copeland5,55822.7-3.4
New Democratic Jack Feely4,90720.0-5.3
Social Credit Jake Wall6132.5-0.7
Total valid votes24,483 100.0
1972 Canadian federal election
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Progressive Conservative Jake Epp 11,26245.3+9.4
Liberal Mark Smerchanski6,48926.1-15.5
New Democratic Alf Chorney6,30425.4+11.2
Social Credit Jake Wall7843.2-5.0
Total valid votes24,839 100.0
1968 Canadian federal election
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Liberal Mark Smerchanski 9,02141.6+2.7
Progressive Conservative Warner Jorgenson7,79136.0-12.1
New Democratic Harry Blake-Knox3,07814.2+10.2
Social Credit Lorne Reznowski 1,7738.2-0.7
Total valid votes21,663 100.0
1965 Canadian federal election
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Progressive Conservative Warner Jorgenson 6,47048.1+2.0
Liberal Gordon Barkman5,24339.0+2.3
Social Credit Wilbert J. Tinkler1,1958.9-8.3
New Democratic Francis Clement Anderson5424.0–
Total valid votes13,450 100.0
1963 Canadian federal election
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Progressive Conservative Warner Jorgenson 6,72946.1+2.6
Liberal Stan C. Roberts 5,35136.7-0.4
Social Credit Elie J. Dorge2,51217.2-0.3
Total valid votes14,592 100.0
1962 Canadian federal election
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Progressive Conservative Warner Jorgenson 6,21443.5-11.0
Liberal Stan C. Roberts 5,29037.1+2.4
Social Credit John P. Loewen2,50417.5+8.6
New Democratic Peter Kruszelnicki2631.80.0
Total valid votes14,271100.0

Note: NDP vote is compared to CCF vote in 1958 election.

1958 Canadian federal election
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Progressive Conservative Warner Jorgenson 8,27854.5+19.3
Liberal René Préfontaine5,26834.7+1.3
Social Credit Wilbert James Tinkler1,3639.0-20.7
Co-operative Commonwealth Jacob John Siemens2811.80.0
Total valid votes15,190100.0
1957 Canadian federal election
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Progressive Conservative Warner Jorgenson 4,73935.2+13.8
Liberal René Jutras 4,48933.3-32.6
Social Credit Hugh M. Campbell3,99229.6+17.0
Co-operative Commonwealth Charles Biesick2461.8–
Total valid votes13,466100.0
1953 Canadian federal election
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Liberal René Jutras 6,63266.0+2.9
Progressive Conservative Abram J. Thiessen2,15121.4–
Social Credit Wilbert Tinkler1,26912.6–
Total valid votes10,052100.0
1949 Canadian federal election
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Liberal René Jutras 6,83463.0+23.3
Independent Bruce MacKenzie4,00837.0–
Total valid votes10,842100.0
1945 Canadian federal election
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Liberal René Jutras 4,54139.7+8.9
Independent Leo Arthur Slater2,22019.4-7.8
Social Credit Paul Prince1,94017.0+10.1
Co-operative Commonwealth Alexander Duncan Miller1,83816.1+9.2
Progressive Conservative Dalton Madill Boyd8947.8-4.0
Total valid votes11,433100.0

Note: Progressive Conservative vote is compared to "National Government" vote in 1940 election. Social Credit vote is compared to New Democracy vote in 1940 election.

1940 Canadian federal election
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Liberal René Jutras 3,76830.8-31.9
Independent Leo A. Slater3,32927.2–
Independent Harry Matthew Podolsky1,76514.4–
National Government William Richard Johnston1,44111.8-25.5
New Democracy Albert Banville1,0999.0–
Co-operative Commonwealth Évariste Rupert Gagnon8416.9–
Total valid votes12,243100.0

Note: "National Government" vote is compared to Conservative vote in 1935 election.

1935 Canadian federal election
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Liberal Arthur-Lucien Beaubien 6,30862.7+4.8
Conservative Philippe Bourgeois3,75137.3+8.4
Total valid votes10,059 100.0
1930 Canadian federal election
PartyCandidateVotes%
Liberal–Progressive Arthur-Lucien Beaubien 4,56258.0
Conservative Joseph-Arthur Belanger2,27428.9
Independent ConservativeWasyl Kobzar7159.1
Liberal Alexandre Ayotte3214.1
Total valid votes7,872100.0
1926 Canadian federal election
PartyCandidateVotes
Liberal–Progressive Arthur-Lucien Beaubien acclaimed
1925 Canadian federal election
PartyCandidateVotes%
Progressive Arthur-Lucien Beaubien 2,73650.7
Liberal Edmond Comeault2,65649.3
Total valid votes5,392 100.0
1921 Canadian federal election
PartyCandidateVotes%
Progressive Arthur-Lucien Beaubien [14] 3,18947.0
Liberal John Patrick Molloy 2,17732.0
Independent Albert Prefontaine 1,42821.0
Total valid votes6,794 100.0
1917 Canadian federal election
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Opposition (Laurier Liberals) John Patrick Molloy 2,03552.4-1.0
Government (Unionist) John Robert Johns1,85047.61.0
Total valid votes3,885100.0

Note: Unionist vote is compared to Conservative vote in 1911 election.

1911 Canadian federal election
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Liberal John Patrick Molloy 3,04953.3-1.3
Conservative Joseph Alfred Féréol Bleau2,66846.7+1.3
Total valid votes5,717100.0
1908 Canadian federal election
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Liberal John Patrick Molloy 2,71954.6+4.5
Conservative Alphonse-Alfred-Clément Larivière 2,25945.4-4.5
Total valid votes4,978 100.0
1904 Canadian federal election
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Liberal Joseph-Ernest Cyr 1,89650.1+0.9
Conservative Alphonse-Alfred-Clément Larivière 1,88649.9-0.9
Total valid votes3,782100.0
1900 Canadian federal election
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
Conservative Alphonse-Alfred-Clément Larivière 1,52850.7-13.8
Liberal S.A.D. Bertrand 1,48449.3+13.8
Total valid votes3,012100.0
1896 Canadian federal election
PartyCandidateVotes%
Conservative Alphonse-Alfred-Clément Larivière 1,47664.6
Liberal George Walton 81035.4
Total valid votes2,286100.0
1891 Canadian federal election
PartyCandidateVotes
Conservative Alphonse-Alfred-Clément Larivière acclaimed
Canadian federal by-election, 24 January 1889
PartyCandidateVotes%±%
On Mr. Royal being appointed Lieutenant-Governor of the North West Territories
Conservative Alphonse-Alfred-Clément Larivière 79748.3-9.8
UnknownRichard58335.4–
UnknownClarke26916.3–
Total valid votes1,649100.0
1887 Canadian federal election
PartyCandidateVotes%
Conservative Joseph Royal 1,08158.1
Independent Liberal Joseph Ernest Cyr 77841.9
Total valid votes1,859100.0
1882 Canadian federal election
PartyCandidateVotes
Conservative Joseph Royal acclaimed
Canadian federal by-election, 30 December 1879
PartyCandidateVotes%
Conservative Joseph Royal 65262.6
UnknownJohn Molloy26925.8
UnknownS. Hamelin12111.6
Total valid votes1,042100.0
Called upon Mr. Dubuc being appointed Puisne Judge of the Court of Queen's Bench for Manitoba.
1878 Canadian federal election
PartyCandidateVotes
Conservative Joseph Dubuc acclaimed
By-election on 31 March 1875

On Mr. Riel being unseated and declared an outlaw, 25 February 1875

PartyCandidateVotes
Liberal Andrew Bannatyne acclaimed
By-election on 3 September 1874

On Mr. Riel being expelled from the House of Commons, 16 April 1874

PartyCandidateVotes
Independent Louis Riel acclaimed
1874 Canadian federal election
PartyCandidateVotes%
Independent Louis Riel 19573.9
UnknownJ. Hamelin6926.1
Total valid votes264100.0
By-election on 13 October 1873

On Sir George-Étienne Cartier's death, 20 May 1873

PartyCandidateVotes
Independent Louis Riel acclaimed
1872 Canadian federal election
PartyCandidateVotes
Liberal–Conservative George-Étienne Cartier acclaimed
Canadian federal by-election, 3 March 1871
PartyCandidateVotes%
Conservative Pierre Delorme 17285.6
Liberal William Dease2914.4
Total valid votes201100.0
Called as a result of Manitoba joining Confederation, 15 July 1870.

See also

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Regina—Wascana</span> Federal electoral district in Saskatchewan, Canada

Regina—Wascana is a federal electoral district in Saskatchewan, Canada, that has been represented in the House of Commons of Canada since 1988.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lethbridge (federal electoral district)</span> Federal electoral district in Alberta, Canada

Lethbridge is a federal electoral district in Alberta, Canada, that has been represented in the House of Commons of Canada since 1917. It incorporates the City of Lethbridge and Lethbridge County.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kelowna—Lake Country (federal electoral district)</span> Federal electoral district in British Columbia, Canada

Kelowna—Lake Country is a federal electoral district in the province of British Columbia, Canada, that has been represented in the House of Commons of Canada since 1997.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Winnipeg Centre</span> Federal electoral district in Manitoba, Canada

Winnipeg Centre is a federal electoral district in Manitoba, Canada, that has been represented in the House of Commons of Canada from 1917 to 1925 and since 1997.

References

Notes

  1. ↑ Statistic includes all persons that did not make up part of a visible minority or an indigenous identity.
  2. ↑ Statistic includes total responses of "Filipino" and "Southeast Asian" under visible minority section on census.
  3. ↑ Statistic includes total responses of "Chinese", "Korean", and "Japanese" under visible minority section on census.
  4. ↑ Statistic includes total responses of "West Asian" and "Arab" under visible minority section on census.
  5. ↑ Statistic includes total responses of "Visible minority, n.i.e." and "Multiple visible minorities" under visible minority section on census.
  1. 1 2 Statistics Canada: 2012
  2. ↑ Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (October 26, 2022). "Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved October 22, 2023.
  3. ↑ Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (October 27, 2021). "Census Profile, 2016 Census". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved October 22, 2023.
  4. ↑ Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (November 27, 2015). "NHS Profile". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved October 22, 2023.
  5. 1 2 "NHS Profile, Provencher, Manitoba, 2011". Statistics Canada. Retrieved November 5, 2018.
  6. ↑ "List of confirmed candidates – September 20, 2021 Federal Election". Elections Canada . Retrieved September 2, 2021.
  7. ↑ "List of confirmed candidates". Elections Canada. Retrieved October 4, 2019.
  8. ↑ "Election Night Results". Elections Canada. Retrieved November 9, 2019.
  9. ↑ Elections Canada – Confirmed candidates for Provencher, 30 September 2015
  10. ↑ Elections Canada – Preliminary Election Expenses Limits for Candidates
  11. ↑ Mas, Susana. "Vic Toews resigns ahead of cabinet shuffle". CBC News. Retrieved July 8, 2013.
  12. ↑ Pundits' Guide to Canadian Elections
  13. ↑ Pirate Party of Canada. "Candidates" . Retrieved March 26, 2011.
  14. ↑ "Runs as Independent in Provencher Riding". Winnipeg Tribune . November 23, 1921. p. 17. Retrieved September 26, 2022– via Newspapers.com.

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